Predicted and Observed Feeding Rates of the Spinose Planktonic
... speeds (v) of 1-5 mm/sec were based on Hardy and Bainbridge (1954) and Purcell (1981). Copepod density (n) was based on Moore and Sander (1977), who reported an average of 135 copepods/m3 off Barbados over a 28-month sampling period. However, only a portion of these individuals are of acceptable siz ...
... speeds (v) of 1-5 mm/sec were based on Hardy and Bainbridge (1954) and Purcell (1981). Copepod density (n) was based on Moore and Sander (1977), who reported an average of 135 copepods/m3 off Barbados over a 28-month sampling period. However, only a portion of these individuals are of acceptable siz ...
Coevolutionary motion and swarming in a niche space model of
... every pair of species is proportional to their niche overlap uij = ui (x)uj (x)dx. In this way the competition strength depends only on the species’ distance on the resource continuum. Further, in the case of a Gaussian utilisation function ui (x) also the niche overlap uij is a Gaussian of the form ...
... every pair of species is proportional to their niche overlap uij = ui (x)uj (x)dx. In this way the competition strength depends only on the species’ distance on the resource continuum. Further, in the case of a Gaussian utilisation function ui (x) also the niche overlap uij is a Gaussian of the form ...
Chapter 11. - at Burgers` Zoo!
... located within the pore structures of these substrates where both aerobic and suboxic/ anoxic conditions persist in close proximity, minimising the flux of nitrogenous waste into the water column during processing. Algae have the ability to assimilate nitrogenous waste directly although uptake is va ...
... located within the pore structures of these substrates where both aerobic and suboxic/ anoxic conditions persist in close proximity, minimising the flux of nitrogenous waste into the water column during processing. Algae have the ability to assimilate nitrogenous waste directly although uptake is va ...
Commonness, rarity, and intraspecific variation in traits and
... rare (McGill et al. 2006). Indeed, classic models of the SAD consider not just its shape, but also how it should be related to niche or resource axes (e.g. MacArthur 1957; Sugihara 1980). Given that functional traits are expected to be linked to resource use strategies and performance (e.g. Westoby ...
... rare (McGill et al. 2006). Indeed, classic models of the SAD consider not just its shape, but also how it should be related to niche or resource axes (e.g. MacArthur 1957; Sugihara 1980). Given that functional traits are expected to be linked to resource use strategies and performance (e.g. Westoby ...
Do persistent rare species experience stronger negative frequency
... only on abundance data. This approach comes with logistical costs of its own, however. Estimates of density dependence are often inflated as a result of measurement error (Freckleton et al., 2006; Knape & de Valpine, 2012). Estimates of frequency dependence are subject to the same biases. The bias i ...
... only on abundance data. This approach comes with logistical costs of its own, however. Estimates of density dependence are often inflated as a result of measurement error (Freckleton et al., 2006; Knape & de Valpine, 2012). Estimates of frequency dependence are subject to the same biases. The bias i ...
Unit Checklist
... copies of DNA fragments. Explain how isolated DNA fragments can be placed in plasmids, with reference to the role of ligase. State other vectors into which fragments of DNA may be incorporated. Explain how plasmids may be taken up by bacterial cells in order to produce a transgenic microorganism tha ...
... copies of DNA fragments. Explain how isolated DNA fragments can be placed in plasmids, with reference to the role of ligase. State other vectors into which fragments of DNA may be incorporated. Explain how plasmids may be taken up by bacterial cells in order to produce a transgenic microorganism tha ...
9 Generalist Predators, Food Web Complexities and Biological Pest
... induced (Agrawal et al., 1999). Moreover, they performed worse on eggs of spider mites from induced plants than on eggs from spider mites on non-induced plants (Agrawal & Klein, 2000). In conclusion, plant-mediated interactions among pest species are probably a common phenomenon in greenhouse crops, ...
... induced (Agrawal et al., 1999). Moreover, they performed worse on eggs of spider mites from induced plants than on eggs from spider mites on non-induced plants (Agrawal & Klein, 2000). In conclusion, plant-mediated interactions among pest species are probably a common phenomenon in greenhouse crops, ...
European Journal of Wildlife Research. 53, 161-170
... primarily insectivorous predator species. Animal tissues differ with respect to carbon-isotope differences between the source (diet) and consumer (Tieszen et al. 1983; Lee-Thorp et al. 1989; Ambrose and Norr 1993; Sponheimer et al. 2003a, 2006; Passey et al. 2005). This means not only that direct co ...
... primarily insectivorous predator species. Animal tissues differ with respect to carbon-isotope differences between the source (diet) and consumer (Tieszen et al. 1983; Lee-Thorp et al. 1989; Ambrose and Norr 1993; Sponheimer et al. 2003a, 2006; Passey et al. 2005). This means not only that direct co ...
3-CoralStrFn1
... • Much of the productivity from corals • Cnidaria - from the Latin “nettle” – a plant • have often been mistaken for plants – attached to a substrate – do not wander about – same colour as many marine plants – same branched nature and growth habit ...
... • Much of the productivity from corals • Cnidaria - from the Latin “nettle” – a plant • have often been mistaken for plants – attached to a substrate – do not wander about – same colour as many marine plants – same branched nature and growth habit ...
PDF file - Pan-American Journal of Aquatic
... macrocephalus Günther, 1864 and C. gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). These two predatory species were intentionally introduced for aquaculture purposes ...
... macrocephalus Günther, 1864 and C. gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). These two predatory species were intentionally introduced for aquaculture purposes ...
1656 - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
... (Brown 1988). In consequence, to select their “enemy-free space” (Jeffries and Lawton 1984), prey animals must be able to assess their vulnerability under different circumstances of time, habitat, and predator type and incorporate this information into their decision making (Lima and Dill ...
... (Brown 1988). In consequence, to select their “enemy-free space” (Jeffries and Lawton 1984), prey animals must be able to assess their vulnerability under different circumstances of time, habitat, and predator type and incorporate this information into their decision making (Lima and Dill ...
Genetic evidence for the cryptic species pair, Lottia digitalis and
... copepod genus Tisbe has grown from a few to over 63 species (Marcotte 1984) as a result of discovering signiWcant allozyme diVerences. Further, eight sibling species of polychaetes were identiWed within what was formerly a single species, Capitella capitata, based on diVerences in chromosome number ...
... copepod genus Tisbe has grown from a few to over 63 species (Marcotte 1984) as a result of discovering signiWcant allozyme diVerences. Further, eight sibling species of polychaetes were identiWed within what was formerly a single species, Capitella capitata, based on diVerences in chromosome number ...
Bhutan predators
... financial costs of planted pastures and partly because of the land requirements of larger herds, where land is increasingly going under rice in the valleys. If any factor is influencing herders to settle down it is the changes in household structure induced by labour migration, which means that ther ...
... financial costs of planted pastures and partly because of the land requirements of larger herds, where land is increasingly going under rice in the valleys. If any factor is influencing herders to settle down it is the changes in household structure induced by labour migration, which means that ther ...
Food Habits and Livestock Depredation of Sympatric Jaguars and
... from the analysis (Emmons 1987, Núñez et al. 2000, Scognamillo et al. 2003). I further calculated error rates for identification of predator species based on the comparison between the presence of tracks associated with scats and predator hairs present in scats. I dried scats at 72◦ C for 24 h, se ...
... from the analysis (Emmons 1987, Núñez et al. 2000, Scognamillo et al. 2003). I further calculated error rates for identification of predator species based on the comparison between the presence of tracks associated with scats and predator hairs present in scats. I dried scats at 72◦ C for 24 h, se ...
An early life history model for Pacific herring in Prince William Sound
... The links between fish species replacement and zooplankton dynamics owing to climatic regime shift are often complex. For instance, anchovy flourish and sardine often collapse in the same regime and in several ecosystems. Through gut content analysis, we tested the hypothesis that the difference in ...
... The links between fish species replacement and zooplankton dynamics owing to climatic regime shift are often complex. For instance, anchovy flourish and sardine often collapse in the same regime and in several ecosystems. Through gut content analysis, we tested the hypothesis that the difference in ...
modeling the role of primary productivity disruption in end
... The trophic network modeled in our analysis is based on the fauna of the Late Permian-age Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. The Dicynodon zone is the youngest of six Middle to Late Permian-age terrestrial faunal assemblages found in South Africa, and ends at the Permo-Tri ...
... The trophic network modeled in our analysis is based on the fauna of the Late Permian-age Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the Karoo Basin of South Africa. The Dicynodon zone is the youngest of six Middle to Late Permian-age terrestrial faunal assemblages found in South Africa, and ends at the Permo-Tri ...
Lesson 6: Attack and Defense
... the best examples of an interaction between two dinosaurs that we know of. Based on this ...
... the best examples of an interaction between two dinosaurs that we know of. Based on this ...
Incorporating Plant Mortality and Recruitment Into
... although there is evidence that over time, some bunches can break up and migrate apart (Liston et al. 2003). For this discussion, we focus on individuals and communities that reproduce predominantly from seed. In general, the importance of recruitment is inversely proportional to a species’ life spa ...
... although there is evidence that over time, some bunches can break up and migrate apart (Liston et al. 2003). For this discussion, we focus on individuals and communities that reproduce predominantly from seed. In general, the importance of recruitment is inversely proportional to a species’ life spa ...
population characteristics - Formatted
... It refers to the death of individuals in a population. Two types of mortality can be recognized. 1. Ecological or Realized Mortality is the loss of individuals under given environmental conditions and varies with the environment and population. 2. Theoretical Minimum Mortality is the loss of individ ...
... It refers to the death of individuals in a population. Two types of mortality can be recognized. 1. Ecological or Realized Mortality is the loss of individuals under given environmental conditions and varies with the environment and population. 2. Theoretical Minimum Mortality is the loss of individ ...
An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
... Rica and Panama where it once lived (Figure 52.1). During the 1980s and 1990s, roughly two-thirds of the 82 known species of harlequin toads vanished. Scientists think that a diseasecausing chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (see Figure 31.26), contributed to many of these extinctions. W ...
... Rica and Panama where it once lived (Figure 52.1). During the 1980s and 1990s, roughly two-thirds of the 82 known species of harlequin toads vanished. Scientists think that a diseasecausing chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (see Figure 31.26), contributed to many of these extinctions. W ...
Nature-based Solutions: New Influence for
... While we advocate that the open nature of the term NBS can favor its success, we contend that it is important to specify which solutions should and should not be considered as NBS. We illustrate this with the development of green roofs and walls in cities. Having in mind the sole objective of develo ...
... While we advocate that the open nature of the term NBS can favor its success, we contend that it is important to specify which solutions should and should not be considered as NBS. We illustrate this with the development of green roofs and walls in cities. Having in mind the sole objective of develo ...
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the shortgrass steppe
... ABSTRACT.—Patterns in the community structure of darkling beetle (9 Eleodes spp., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) assemblages in the shortgrass steppe of north central Colorado were monitored by live pitfall trapping for 4 summers. There were significant correlations among weather (temperature and precip ...
... ABSTRACT.—Patterns in the community structure of darkling beetle (9 Eleodes spp., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) assemblages in the shortgrass steppe of north central Colorado were monitored by live pitfall trapping for 4 summers. There were significant correlations among weather (temperature and precip ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.