... to composition. Similarly, to attribute effects to composition, it is necessary to control for differences in diversity. I use this approach to distinguish between effects caused by diversity vs. composition. This requires that experiments, observational studies, and theory be designed as previously ...
A case of cannibalism behavior of the Slow worm, Anguis fragilis
... color and pattern differences between adults and juveniles could be the result of natural selection for avoidance of cannibalism. He also reported that the frequency juvenile cannibalism could be associated with population density in natural populations. However, the reason of this case could be env ...
... color and pattern differences between adults and juveniles could be the result of natural selection for avoidance of cannibalism. He also reported that the frequency juvenile cannibalism could be associated with population density in natural populations. However, the reason of this case could be env ...
varying impact of human feeding on pink whiprays, himantura fai, at
... factors not present at Site 2 such as, increased ...
... factors not present at Site 2 such as, increased ...
Ecological Implications of Reptile Mesopredator Release in Arid
... Sampling Techniques.—Adult V. gouldii are surveyed inefficiently in the small pitfall traps used for general terrestrial fauna surveys at the Arid Recovery Reserve (Moseby et al., 2009) because they can walk over or climb out of traps. However, V. gouldii leave distinctive spoor, including walking t ...
... Sampling Techniques.—Adult V. gouldii are surveyed inefficiently in the small pitfall traps used for general terrestrial fauna surveys at the Arid Recovery Reserve (Moseby et al., 2009) because they can walk over or climb out of traps. However, V. gouldii leave distinctive spoor, including walking t ...
The impacts of invasive plant species on the biodiversity of
... perceived to have important effects. This is likely to down play the significance of species that have visually less dramatic influences and ignore the possibility that some species could invade and yet have negligible consequences. It is conceivable that most of the overall impact will come from a re ...
... perceived to have important effects. This is likely to down play the significance of species that have visually less dramatic influences and ignore the possibility that some species could invade and yet have negligible consequences. It is conceivable that most of the overall impact will come from a re ...
pptx
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
Philosophy and Biodiversity - Assets
... Whatever we think of the origin of this ability, both sides must admit that humans need organisms for food, fiber, medicines, tools, and many other purposes. To utilize natural diversity, we have to categorize things; to categorize, we need the criteria of similarity and difference, by means of whic ...
... Whatever we think of the origin of this ability, both sides must admit that humans need organisms for food, fiber, medicines, tools, and many other purposes. To utilize natural diversity, we have to categorize things; to categorize, we need the criteria of similarity and difference, by means of whic ...
Not seeing the ocean for the islands
... regime will affect the dynamics of species and the resulting biodiversity (e.g. Malanson, 1984). The degree to which area-related changes occur is a function of not only the total amount of forest loss, but also (1) the size of remaining forest remnants, and (2) where in a landscape the destruction ...
... regime will affect the dynamics of species and the resulting biodiversity (e.g. Malanson, 1984). The degree to which area-related changes occur is a function of not only the total amount of forest loss, but also (1) the size of remaining forest remnants, and (2) where in a landscape the destruction ...
SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY BACKGROUND Two individuals of the same
... very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: ...
... very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: ...
The biogeography of marine plankton traits
... growth rate (Edwards et al. 2013). This kind of analysis can be applied to broader spatial scales by integrating data on community abundance, functional traits and environmental variables. For example, summer nutrient depletion in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean has been found to favour smaller ov ...
... growth rate (Edwards et al. 2013). This kind of analysis can be applied to broader spatial scales by integrating data on community abundance, functional traits and environmental variables. For example, summer nutrient depletion in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean has been found to favour smaller ov ...
44KB - NZQA
... they relate to aquaculture; interactions between organisms and how they relate to aquaculture; tides and tidal patterns and how they relate to aquaculture; zonation in the aquatic environment and how it relates to aquaculture; the potential ecological impacts of aquaculture and the farming technique ...
... they relate to aquaculture; interactions between organisms and how they relate to aquaculture; tides and tidal patterns and how they relate to aquaculture; zonation in the aquatic environment and how it relates to aquaculture; the potential ecological impacts of aquaculture and the farming technique ...
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES ON
... Karban and Baldwin [1997]). Despite these suggestive results, few studies have asked how common negative interactions among distantly related organisms within a single community are. Examining the interactions of non-congener herbivores will give us a clearer understanding of the true significance of ...
... Karban and Baldwin [1997]). Despite these suggestive results, few studies have asked how common negative interactions among distantly related organisms within a single community are. Examining the interactions of non-congener herbivores will give us a clearer understanding of the true significance of ...
pptx
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
Models, Mechanisms and Pathways of Succession
... The study of succession has been hampered by the lack of a general theory.This is illustratedby confusionover basicconceptsand inadequacy of certainmodels. This review clarifiesthe basic ideas of pathway,mechanism, and model in succession.Second,in orderto preventinappropriate narrownessin successio ...
... The study of succession has been hampered by the lack of a general theory.This is illustratedby confusionover basicconceptsand inadequacy of certainmodels. This review clarifiesthe basic ideas of pathway,mechanism, and model in succession.Second,in orderto preventinappropriate narrownessin successio ...
Highly resolved early Eocene food webs show development of
... that of the PETM [16]. During the EECO and immediately prior to Messel deposition, another biotal transformation occurred concomitant with a greenhouse-to-icehouse shift in the physical environment, signalled by climate cooling and freshwater flooding of the Arctic Ocean. This shift was attributable ...
... that of the PETM [16]. During the EECO and immediately prior to Messel deposition, another biotal transformation occurred concomitant with a greenhouse-to-icehouse shift in the physical environment, signalled by climate cooling and freshwater flooding of the Arctic Ocean. This shift was attributable ...
Differential response of ants to nutrient addition in a tropical Brown
... increased resource availability may have diverse effects on microbivores. Glucose application had positive effects on collembolan growth when enhancing microbial activity (Kaneda and Kaneko, 2004), but none of the animal groups studied by Scheu and Schaefer (1998) showed a response parallel to that ...
... increased resource availability may have diverse effects on microbivores. Glucose application had positive effects on collembolan growth when enhancing microbial activity (Kaneda and Kaneko, 2004), but none of the animal groups studied by Scheu and Schaefer (1998) showed a response parallel to that ...
Introduction to Evolution
... survive and reproduce more successfully than will organisms carrying alternative variants. Selection may occur as a result of differences in survival, in fertility, in rate of development, in mating success, or in any other aspect of the life cycle. All of these differences can be incorporated under ...
... survive and reproduce more successfully than will organisms carrying alternative variants. Selection may occur as a result of differences in survival, in fertility, in rate of development, in mating success, or in any other aspect of the life cycle. All of these differences can be incorporated under ...
Conservation status of Spotted Tree Frog in New South Wales
... individuals live longer than ten years, once they reach adulthood. The oldest individual recorded so far is a female that reached 13 years (Gillespie 1997b). Age to sexual maturity is three to four years for males and five to six years for females (expert advice). Mortality levels are very high unti ...
... individuals live longer than ten years, once they reach adulthood. The oldest individual recorded so far is a female that reached 13 years (Gillespie 1997b). Age to sexual maturity is three to four years for males and five to six years for females (expert advice). Mortality levels are very high unti ...
Describe the principles of aquatic ecology and relate to aquaculture
... they relate to aquaculture; interactions between organisms and how they relate to aquaculture; tides and tidal patterns and how they relate to aquaculture; zonation in the aquatic environment and how it relates to aquaculture; the potential ecological impacts of aquaculture and the farming technique ...
... they relate to aquaculture; interactions between organisms and how they relate to aquaculture; tides and tidal patterns and how they relate to aquaculture; zonation in the aquatic environment and how it relates to aquaculture; the potential ecological impacts of aquaculture and the farming technique ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.