Food Web Assembly at the Landscape Scale: Using Stable
... Author Contributions: MS, MPB, and HO developed the ideas for this study. JJ and MS conducted the research and analyzed the data. MS wrote the first draft, which was then edited by MPB and HO. *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] ...
... Author Contributions: MS, MPB, and HO developed the ideas for this study. JJ and MS conducted the research and analyzed the data. MS wrote the first draft, which was then edited by MPB and HO. *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] ...
Christchurch - New Zealand Ecological Society
... publication timetable of other contributed papers. Council has decided not to produce further such issues within the normal two-issue per year publication of the Journal, but that any future thematic special issues should be extra and so require their own funding base. An alternative that the Societ ...
... publication timetable of other contributed papers. Council has decided not to produce further such issues within the normal two-issue per year publication of the Journal, but that any future thematic special issues should be extra and so require their own funding base. An alternative that the Societ ...
MF2222 Biological Control of Insect Pests on
... collected in buckets en masse from overwintering aggregations in the mountains of California. This practice is fraught by at least two problems. As they emerge from hibernation, the beetles instinctively disperse rather than feed and lay eggs. Consequently, most fly away from their release sites imm ...
... collected in buckets en masse from overwintering aggregations in the mountains of California. This practice is fraught by at least two problems. As they emerge from hibernation, the beetles instinctively disperse rather than feed and lay eggs. Consequently, most fly away from their release sites imm ...
16: 228-235
... We first compared the three fitness components for M. luisana individuals growing alone and in association with other species using a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model with different distributions of errors (Poisson for seed production and binomial for seed viability and seed predation). The size of e ...
... We first compared the three fitness components for M. luisana individuals growing alone and in association with other species using a Bayesian Generalized Linear Model with different distributions of errors (Poisson for seed production and binomial for seed viability and seed predation). The size of e ...
Biological Control of Insect Pests on Field Crops
... insectary, or field-collected from certain localities, may be adapted to specific environmental conditions substantially different from those where they are released. If local climate or food sources are considerably different from those to which the populations is adapted, survival and reproduction ...
... insectary, or field-collected from certain localities, may be adapted to specific environmental conditions substantially different from those where they are released. If local climate or food sources are considerably different from those to which the populations is adapted, survival and reproduction ...
Slide 1
... Amphibian populations are in rapid decline around the globe. Habitats that amphibians currently occupy should be studied to determine the complex habitat requirements of each species. Many amphibian populations in the North East require vernal pools (or depressional wetlands) to use as breeding site ...
... Amphibian populations are in rapid decline around the globe. Habitats that amphibians currently occupy should be studied to determine the complex habitat requirements of each species. Many amphibian populations in the North East require vernal pools (or depressional wetlands) to use as breeding site ...
Advantages and disadvantages of interferencecompetitive ability
... a ‘resource-requirements’ perspective, this conclusion presents a paradox: poor interference competitors, who have only small requirements for the primary limiting resource, can apparently only establish where the resource is most abundant. This contradicts the idea that establishment success into e ...
... a ‘resource-requirements’ perspective, this conclusion presents a paradox: poor interference competitors, who have only small requirements for the primary limiting resource, can apparently only establish where the resource is most abundant. This contradicts the idea that establishment success into e ...
Null model analysis of species associations using abundance data W U N
... presence (1) or absence (0) of a particular species in a particular site. However, the outcome of species interactions ultimately depends on population-level processes. Therefore, patterns of species segregation and aggregation might be more clearly expressed in abundance matrices, in which the matr ...
... presence (1) or absence (0) of a particular species in a particular site. However, the outcome of species interactions ultimately depends on population-level processes. Therefore, patterns of species segregation and aggregation might be more clearly expressed in abundance matrices, in which the matr ...
Phylogenetic structure of plant species pools reflects habitat age on
... 2013; Gerhold et al. 2015). There are two types of deterministic processes which drive species composition of plant communities: (i) abiotic processes, usually understood as environmental filters, which select those species of the regional flora that match the specific habitat requirements (Silverto ...
... 2013; Gerhold et al. 2015). There are two types of deterministic processes which drive species composition of plant communities: (i) abiotic processes, usually understood as environmental filters, which select those species of the regional flora that match the specific habitat requirements (Silverto ...
View or download: Introduction, methods, results
... Newell’s shearwater population matrix used for model simulations. Nt is the stage‐specific population size at time t, S is the age specific survival at ages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 and adult (6+), and F is fecundity, the probability of producing a viable one‐year old in the next generation an ...
... Newell’s shearwater population matrix used for model simulations. Nt is the stage‐specific population size at time t, S is the age specific survival at ages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 and adult (6+), and F is fecundity, the probability of producing a viable one‐year old in the next generation an ...
Ecological Character Displacement in Adaptive Radiation
... some form of replication. Testing exaggerated divergence in sympatry requires comparison of means over multiple independent sympatric and allopatric populations. Trait overdispersion is tested by comparing the size spacing of species in a community with that in a “null” distribution of phenotypes ge ...
... some form of replication. Testing exaggerated divergence in sympatry requires comparison of means over multiple independent sympatric and allopatric populations. Trait overdispersion is tested by comparing the size spacing of species in a community with that in a “null” distribution of phenotypes ge ...
Population dynamics of red-backed voles (Myodes) in North America
... holarctic distribution. It appears to be a post-glacial colonizer of North America, with close genetic relationships existing between North American and Far Eastern Siberian populations (Cook et al. 2004). In North America, it occurs north of latitude 60°N in the boreal forest and tundra regions (Ba ...
... holarctic distribution. It appears to be a post-glacial colonizer of North America, with close genetic relationships existing between North American and Far Eastern Siberian populations (Cook et al. 2004). In North America, it occurs north of latitude 60°N in the boreal forest and tundra regions (Ba ...
ChiroSurveillance
... losses by invasive insect pests: $13 billion annual costs for associated control measures: $500 million invasive species management strategies evolve with time since introduction management efficiency decreases over time Simberloff et al. 2013 ...
... losses by invasive insect pests: $13 billion annual costs for associated control measures: $500 million invasive species management strategies evolve with time since introduction management efficiency decreases over time Simberloff et al. 2013 ...
full final report - Northeastern States Research
... 2) How much do coyote diets overlap native carnivores, and by what means might they establish a stable coexistence? We constructed a timeline of coyote diet from the 1950s to today, and related coyote use of prey to changes in prey abundance. We documented dietary overlap among coyote, bobcat, gray ...
... 2) How much do coyote diets overlap native carnivores, and by what means might they establish a stable coexistence? We constructed a timeline of coyote diet from the 1950s to today, and related coyote use of prey to changes in prey abundance. We documented dietary overlap among coyote, bobcat, gray ...
Vanellus gregarius, Sociable Lapwing
... Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) Behaviour This species is migratory (del Hoyo et al. 1996). It breeds semi-colonially in small groups of 320 pairs (del Hoyo et al. 1996) from mid-April until July, and begins the migration south in August or September (del Hoyo et al. 19 ...
... Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) Behaviour This species is migratory (del Hoyo et al. 1996). It breeds semi-colonially in small groups of 320 pairs (del Hoyo et al. 1996) from mid-April until July, and begins the migration south in August or September (del Hoyo et al. 19 ...
Seaside Bird`s-foot Lotus (Lotus formosissimus)
... Since the preparation of the original status report (Ryan and Douglas 1996), one population of Lotus formosissimus that was believed extirpated has been relocated. Increased survey effort at the known locations has resulted in population estimates at least three times higher than in 1996. The Specie ...
... Since the preparation of the original status report (Ryan and Douglas 1996), one population of Lotus formosissimus that was believed extirpated has been relocated. Increased survey effort at the known locations has resulted in population estimates at least three times higher than in 1996. The Specie ...
Frog eat frog: exploring variables influencing
... publications with ‘topic’ (for the former) or search terms ‘in the title of the article’ (for the latter) containing: ‘frog OR Anura’ and ‘diet’ OR ‘food’. We attempted to obtain all resulting papers and for each extracted a fixed set of data (below). Additional papers were added based on our expert ...
... publications with ‘topic’ (for the former) or search terms ‘in the title of the article’ (for the latter) containing: ‘frog OR Anura’ and ‘diet’ OR ‘food’. We attempted to obtain all resulting papers and for each extracted a fixed set of data (below). Additional papers were added based on our expert ...
interactive effects of predation and dispersal on
... impact of predators on planktonic community composition and trophic structure. I examined the effects of planktivorous fish and insects on zooplankton communities that were either isolated from or open to dispersal by a large number of species from the surrounding region. This experiment was designe ...
... impact of predators on planktonic community composition and trophic structure. I examined the effects of planktivorous fish and insects on zooplankton communities that were either isolated from or open to dispersal by a large number of species from the surrounding region. This experiment was designe ...
Generalist Predators, Food Web Complexities and
... induced (Agrawal et al., 1999). Moreover, they performed worse on eggs of spider mites from induced plants than on eggs from spider mites on non-induced plants (Agrawal & Klein, 2000). In conclusion, plant-mediated interactions among pest species are probably a common phenomenon in greenhouse crops, ...
... induced (Agrawal et al., 1999). Moreover, they performed worse on eggs of spider mites from induced plants than on eggs from spider mites on non-induced plants (Agrawal & Klein, 2000). In conclusion, plant-mediated interactions among pest species are probably a common phenomenon in greenhouse crops, ...
Matter and Energy Flow in Ecosystems
... • Each level loses large amounts of the energy it gathers through basic processes of living. • 80 – 90 percent of energy taken in by consumers is used in chemical reactions in the body and is lost as thermal energy. • There is very little energy left over for growth or increase in biomass. ...
... • Each level loses large amounts of the energy it gathers through basic processes of living. • 80 – 90 percent of energy taken in by consumers is used in chemical reactions in the body and is lost as thermal energy. • There is very little energy left over for growth or increase in biomass. ...
Wootton 1994
... into the causal mechanisms by making a variety of predictions about the strength of direct interactions: (a) Bird predation negatively affects Pollicipes, but not Nucella, Leptasterias, or Mytilus; (b) Pollicipes reduces Semibalanus and Mytilus abundance because of space competition; (c) Mytilus red ...
... into the causal mechanisms by making a variety of predictions about the strength of direct interactions: (a) Bird predation negatively affects Pollicipes, but not Nucella, Leptasterias, or Mytilus; (b) Pollicipes reduces Semibalanus and Mytilus abundance because of space competition; (c) Mytilus red ...
Full Text - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... geographic distance and environmental dissimilarity, and ask how well predictions from the mainland model match observed turnover involving islands. If the mainland model accurately predicts island turnover, then islands may not be as unique in their assembly processes as is often assumed. If island ...
... geographic distance and environmental dissimilarity, and ask how well predictions from the mainland model match observed turnover involving islands. If the mainland model accurately predicts island turnover, then islands may not be as unique in their assembly processes as is often assumed. If island ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.