Secondary succession in overgrazed Pannonian sandy
... nitrogen (N) adapted to Hungarian conditions (Borhidi 1995) were used to characterize the vegetation. We used weighted averages, where the percentage cover of the species is expressed in terms of weight. We calculated species turnover rates using the following formula: TOR = (b+c) / (a+b+c), where T ...
... nitrogen (N) adapted to Hungarian conditions (Borhidi 1995) were used to characterize the vegetation. We used weighted averages, where the percentage cover of the species is expressed in terms of weight. We calculated species turnover rates using the following formula: TOR = (b+c) / (a+b+c), where T ...
Alien species in fresh waters: ecological effects, interactions with
... 4. The number of alien species in freshwater ecosystems will increase in the future as new aliens are moved outside of their native ranges by humans, and as established aliens fill their potential ranges. Alien species create ‘‘no-analogue’’ ecosystems that will be difficult to manage in the future. ...
... 4. The number of alien species in freshwater ecosystems will increase in the future as new aliens are moved outside of their native ranges by humans, and as established aliens fill their potential ranges. Alien species create ‘‘no-analogue’’ ecosystems that will be difficult to manage in the future. ...
Paterson, Gordon, Kenneth G. Drouillard, and G. Douglas Haffner
... Stable isotope and gut content analyses were completed on multiple age classes of Detroit River rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) to determine the importance of resource partitioning in littoral centrarchids. d15N signatures ranged from 10.9‰ to 12.8‰ in yo ...
... Stable isotope and gut content analyses were completed on multiple age classes of Detroit River rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) to determine the importance of resource partitioning in littoral centrarchids. d15N signatures ranged from 10.9‰ to 12.8‰ in yo ...
Placing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in context
... partitioning and facilitation (Dzialowski and Smith 2008; Fridley 2002), and physical disturbance can reduce dominance of strong competitors, and thus also increase scope for positive species interactions (Cardinale and Palmer 2002; Mulder et al. 2001). Consequences of species loss for functioning i ...
... partitioning and facilitation (Dzialowski and Smith 2008; Fridley 2002), and physical disturbance can reduce dominance of strong competitors, and thus also increase scope for positive species interactions (Cardinale and Palmer 2002; Mulder et al. 2001). Consequences of species loss for functioning i ...
Maximum Life Span www.AssignmentPoint.com Maximum Life Span
... A few transgenic strains of mice have been created that have maximum life spans greater than that of wild-type or laboratory mice. The Ames and Snell mice, which have mutations in pituitary transcription factors and hence are deficient in Gh, LH, TSH, and secondarily IGF1, have extensions in maxima ...
... A few transgenic strains of mice have been created that have maximum life spans greater than that of wild-type or laboratory mice. The Ames and Snell mice, which have mutations in pituitary transcription factors and hence are deficient in Gh, LH, TSH, and secondarily IGF1, have extensions in maxima ...
Niche partitioning in a sympatric cryptic species complex
... Approximately 250 species of bumblebees exist worldwide, distributed across the temperate, alpine, and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and also South America. In much of this range, it is common for multiple species to occur in sympatry despite high niche overlap. Morphologically, most bum ...
... Approximately 250 species of bumblebees exist worldwide, distributed across the temperate, alpine, and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and also South America. In much of this range, it is common for multiple species to occur in sympatry despite high niche overlap. Morphologically, most bum ...
What is a Trophic Cascade? - College of Forestry
... with an interest in trophic cascades. [5_TD$IF]Opening Remarks ...
... with an interest in trophic cascades. [5_TD$IF]Opening Remarks ...
Debut of the Seventeen-Year-Old Cicada
... immense pulse of life, preceded and followed by seventeen years of its absence, insures that no predators can specialize. The cicada strategy for survival is predator satiation, rather than predator avoidance. Periodical cicadas cannot bite or sting. They are conspicuous, good tasting, and not alway ...
... immense pulse of life, preceded and followed by seventeen years of its absence, insures that no predators can specialize. The cicada strategy for survival is predator satiation, rather than predator avoidance. Periodical cicadas cannot bite or sting. They are conspicuous, good tasting, and not alway ...
Understanding Predation (UP) Web of Science
... predators, substituting the term BIRD* with a composite term OR term comprising the elements of mammal names included in searches 25 to 33 (see Table 3 for details). In order to restrict the results to literature dealing with effects on populations, each search included a set of alternative demograp ...
... predators, substituting the term BIRD* with a composite term OR term comprising the elements of mammal names included in searches 25 to 33 (see Table 3 for details). In order to restrict the results to literature dealing with effects on populations, each search included a set of alternative demograp ...
coyote interactions with other carnivores
... Abstracl: Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur sympatrically with several predators throughout their range. Habitat and food resources are similar, although the coyote typically utilizes a wider range of food items. Larger predators generally select larger prey, allowing predators of different sizes to coe ...
... Abstracl: Coyotes (Canis latrans) occur sympatrically with several predators throughout their range. Habitat and food resources are similar, although the coyote typically utilizes a wider range of food items. Larger predators generally select larger prey, allowing predators of different sizes to coe ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Symbiosis
... a batfish? One of the wrasses has entered the gill slit of the batfish, and may even enter its mouth in search of food. The batfish gets a bath and the wrasse gets a ...
... a batfish? One of the wrasses has entered the gill slit of the batfish, and may even enter its mouth in search of food. The batfish gets a bath and the wrasse gets a ...
Collared and White
... networks of reserves is adequate to ensure the survival of representative populations sufficient in size to maintain viable populations in all major habitat types within its distribution” (Altrichter 2012) ...
... networks of reserves is adequate to ensure the survival of representative populations sufficient in size to maintain viable populations in all major habitat types within its distribution” (Altrichter 2012) ...
The role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining coexistence of
... (2002), for instance, examined the environmental niches of two species of Heteromys pocket mice that occur in northwestern South America. Using GARP analyses, they demonstrated that H. australis and H. anomalus could co-occur in many areas. Based on current distributions, however, H. australis is l ...
... (2002), for instance, examined the environmental niches of two species of Heteromys pocket mice that occur in northwestern South America. Using GARP analyses, they demonstrated that H. australis and H. anomalus could co-occur in many areas. Based on current distributions, however, H. australis is l ...
108. Leong, W. and Pawlik, J.R. 2011
... represents the first systematic analysis of reproductive output for several reef sponge species over a full year. Reproductive output of viviparous species in this study ranged from 0.01 to 0.54%, falling in the same range as ROI reported for other sponge species (Whalan et al., 2007). No sperm were ...
... represents the first systematic analysis of reproductive output for several reef sponge species over a full year. Reproductive output of viviparous species in this study ranged from 0.01 to 0.54%, falling in the same range as ROI reported for other sponge species (Whalan et al., 2007). No sperm were ...
Consumer species richness and nutrients
... prey diversity have been largely neglected. It is well known that a loss of a consumer species can radically change entire ecosystems18, but we can only guess what the consequences of losing multiple consumer species would be. Furthermore, it is acknowledged that the mechanisms that regulate biodive ...
... prey diversity have been largely neglected. It is well known that a loss of a consumer species can radically change entire ecosystems18, but we can only guess what the consequences of losing multiple consumer species would be. Furthermore, it is acknowledged that the mechanisms that regulate biodive ...
12663318_Emer et al manuscript resubmission2
... network topology (Maruyama et al., 2016). If these traits show low intraspecific variability ...
... network topology (Maruyama et al., 2016). If these traits show low intraspecific variability ...
Predator manipulation experiments: impacts on populations of
... not always have large detrimental effects on prey populations (Elton 1927). Other early studies indicated that predators often have coexisted with their prey for long periods and may kill only non-reproductive or surplus individuals that were destined to die in any case (the doomed-surplus hypothesi ...
... not always have large detrimental effects on prey populations (Elton 1927). Other early studies indicated that predators often have coexisted with their prey for long periods and may kill only non-reproductive or surplus individuals that were destined to die in any case (the doomed-surplus hypothesi ...
Ecological Integrity in British Columbia`s Parks and Protected Areas
... BC Parks is committed to the proactive stewardship of ecological integrity (EI). EI is an important concept that drives management direction in many protected areas to ensure natural areas are well managed into the future. It provides strong justification for such actions as adapting to climate chan ...
... BC Parks is committed to the proactive stewardship of ecological integrity (EI). EI is an important concept that drives management direction in many protected areas to ensure natural areas are well managed into the future. It provides strong justification for such actions as adapting to climate chan ...
Recolonizing wolves trigger a trophic cascade in Wisconsin (USA)
... (Halaj & Wise 2001). However, recent evidence from experimental manipulations of herbivores and carnivores in old field ecosystems suggests that predators in terrestrial systems have much stronger effects on plant species diversity than on plant biomass (Schmitz 2006). Furthermore, it is these change ...
... (Halaj & Wise 2001). However, recent evidence from experimental manipulations of herbivores and carnivores in old field ecosystems suggests that predators in terrestrial systems have much stronger effects on plant species diversity than on plant biomass (Schmitz 2006). Furthermore, it is these change ...
The Need to Rationalize and Prioritize Threatening Processes Used
... are habitat loss or degradation (human induced), invasive alien species (directly affecting the species), harvesting (hunting for or gathering food, fuel, or medicine), accidental mortality (through bycatch or collision), human persecution through pest or predator control, pollution (affecting habit ...
... are habitat loss or degradation (human induced), invasive alien species (directly affecting the species), harvesting (hunting for or gathering food, fuel, or medicine), accidental mortality (through bycatch or collision), human persecution through pest or predator control, pollution (affecting habit ...
Linking feeding ecology and population abundance
... at the population level by others (McKey et al. 1981; Waterman et al. 1988; Oates et al. 1990; Davies 1994; Chapman et al. 2002). For example, Waterman et al. (1988) proposed that the weighted contributions of the protein-to-fiber ratios of the mature leaves of the most abundant trees in a particular ...
... at the population level by others (McKey et al. 1981; Waterman et al. 1988; Oates et al. 1990; Davies 1994; Chapman et al. 2002). For example, Waterman et al. (1988) proposed that the weighted contributions of the protein-to-fiber ratios of the mature leaves of the most abundant trees in a particular ...
Caribou
... throughout our boreal forest and mountains from the island of Newfoundland to British Columbia. Recent research efforts have increased the number of known populations to more than 64, and this number is expected to rise further as more individuals are radio-collared and distributions are delineated. ...
... throughout our boreal forest and mountains from the island of Newfoundland to British Columbia. Recent research efforts have increased the number of known populations to more than 64, and this number is expected to rise further as more individuals are radio-collared and distributions are delineated. ...
The SER Primer on Ecological Restoration
... Various technical terms are introduced throughout this document. Some of these terms may be unfamiliar to readers who are not ecologists, while others have multiple connotations from differential usage. To reduce the potential for misunderstandings, key terms are explained in the manner in which the ...
... Various technical terms are introduced throughout this document. Some of these terms may be unfamiliar to readers who are not ecologists, while others have multiple connotations from differential usage. To reduce the potential for misunderstandings, key terms are explained in the manner in which the ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.