Plant communities at the periphery of the Atlantic rain forest
... while provoking some controversy both among scientists and environmentalists (e.g. Srivastava and Vellend, 2005), have been addressed by an increasing number of researchers during the past two decades (for a review see Kareiva and Levin, 2003). These aspects cast doubt as to which extent species rar ...
... while provoking some controversy both among scientists and environmentalists (e.g. Srivastava and Vellend, 2005), have been addressed by an increasing number of researchers during the past two decades (for a review see Kareiva and Levin, 2003). These aspects cast doubt as to which extent species rar ...
full text
... Variation in species density, the average number of species per unit area, is closely related to ...
... Variation in species density, the average number of species per unit area, is closely related to ...
Primary consumers
... – Landscapes, a regional assemblage of interacting ecosystems, such as an area with forest, adjacent fields, wetlands, streams, and streamside ...
... – Landscapes, a regional assemblage of interacting ecosystems, such as an area with forest, adjacent fields, wetlands, streams, and streamside ...
The common ancestor process revisited
... and staying with the resulting discrete setting all the way through, performing the diffusion limit only at the very end. This will result in an extension of the results to arbitrary selection strength, as well as a number of new insights, such as an intuitive explanation of Taylor’s boundary value ...
... and staying with the resulting discrete setting all the way through, performing the diffusion limit only at the very end. This will result in an extension of the results to arbitrary selection strength, as well as a number of new insights, such as an intuitive explanation of Taylor’s boundary value ...
Maternal provisioning of eggs of the starlet sea anemone
... low on the trophic web and their ecological importance is too often overlooked. Here we focus on the ecology of the Florida sea cucumber, Holothuria floridana, which experienced a 4‐fold increase in landings in Florida from 2012 to 2013. The species can be extremely abundant locally and we ar ...
... low on the trophic web and their ecological importance is too often overlooked. Here we focus on the ecology of the Florida sea cucumber, Holothuria floridana, which experienced a 4‐fold increase in landings in Florida from 2012 to 2013. The species can be extremely abundant locally and we ar ...
Roles of parasites in animal invasions
... Invasional meltdown: the invasional meltdown model [8] suggests that frequent species introductions generate an increasing threat to biological communities. It proposes that ecosystems become more easily invaded as the cumulative number of species introductions increases, and that facilitative (rath ...
... Invasional meltdown: the invasional meltdown model [8] suggests that frequent species introductions generate an increasing threat to biological communities. It proposes that ecosystems become more easily invaded as the cumulative number of species introductions increases, and that facilitative (rath ...
In this Issue The Wildlife Corridor Navy is Enlisted in
... rates of poaching or trapping in corridors; (3) the importanceofcorridorwidth and habitat variety for use by non-generalist species; (4)fearthat corridors would lead to the establishment of smaller reserves; (5) negation of the quarantine effect of isolation (e.g.,allowing disease to spread between ...
... rates of poaching or trapping in corridors; (3) the importanceofcorridorwidth and habitat variety for use by non-generalist species; (4)fearthat corridors would lead to the establishment of smaller reserves; (5) negation of the quarantine effect of isolation (e.g.,allowing disease to spread between ...
Dasyurus viverrinus, Eastern Quoll
... Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most likely causes (Peacock and Abbott 2014). In Tasmania, the recent decline has been linked to a sustained period of unsuitable weather conditions over much of the species' distribution (Fancourt et al. 2015). Predation by feral cats is considered the most likely ...
... Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most likely causes (Peacock and Abbott 2014). In Tasmania, the recent decline has been linked to a sustained period of unsuitable weather conditions over much of the species' distribution (Fancourt et al. 2015). Predation by feral cats is considered the most likely ...
Large mammal diversity and their conservation in the human
... assemblages consist of a considerably reduced species richness compared to less humanimpacted areas and contain only those that can persist under high human impact. Remaining species can then sometimes increase in density due to the effect of competitor and/ or predator release (Ritchie and Johnson ...
... assemblages consist of a considerably reduced species richness compared to less humanimpacted areas and contain only those that can persist under high human impact. Remaining species can then sometimes increase in density due to the effect of competitor and/ or predator release (Ritchie and Johnson ...
Common Ancestry and Natural Selection
... Many current biologists are less hesitant; the hypothesis of a single common ancestor is often regarded as strongly supported by the near-universality of the genetic code (an argument we will consider shortly) and by other universals of biochemistry (e.g., the fact that all amino acids found in pro ...
... Many current biologists are less hesitant; the hypothesis of a single common ancestor is often regarded as strongly supported by the near-universality of the genetic code (an argument we will consider shortly) and by other universals of biochemistry (e.g., the fact that all amino acids found in pro ...
Coevolution
... • bullshorn Acacia has evolved a close, mutualistic association with the ants to protect from herbivores (and plant competitors) • cyanogenic glycosides that are found in other species have a defensive role; a role which has been taken over by Pseudomyrmex in the ant-acacia ...
... • bullshorn Acacia has evolved a close, mutualistic association with the ants to protect from herbivores (and plant competitors) • cyanogenic glycosides that are found in other species have a defensive role; a role which has been taken over by Pseudomyrmex in the ant-acacia ...
Section 5-2 worksheet
... Density-Independent Limiting Factors Some limiting factors do not necessarily depend on population size. Density-independent limiting factors depend on population density, or the number of organisms per unit area. Examples include severe weather, natural disasters, and human activities. Some of thes ...
... Density-Independent Limiting Factors Some limiting factors do not necessarily depend on population size. Density-independent limiting factors depend on population density, or the number of organisms per unit area. Examples include severe weather, natural disasters, and human activities. Some of thes ...
WB_A_72-74
... Density-Independent Limiting Factors Some limiting factors do not necessarily depend on population size. Density-independent limiting factors depend on population density, or the number of organisms per unit area. Examples include severe weather, natural disasters, and human activities. Some of thes ...
... Density-Independent Limiting Factors Some limiting factors do not necessarily depend on population size. Density-independent limiting factors depend on population density, or the number of organisms per unit area. Examples include severe weather, natural disasters, and human activities. Some of thes ...
A review of the indicators for ecosystem structure and functioning
... (usually of commercial value) and indicators based on other sources of data (usually monitoring programmes) which may be used for both assessed and non-assessed species. 2.2.1 Health Condition factor; In fish ecology, condition is believed to be a good metric of the general well-being or fitness of ...
... (usually of commercial value) and indicators based on other sources of data (usually monitoring programmes) which may be used for both assessed and non-assessed species. 2.2.1 Health Condition factor; In fish ecology, condition is believed to be a good metric of the general well-being or fitness of ...
Chapter 20 Niche Section 1 Species Interactions
... locations. Which of the following is the correct term for the relationship between the bat and the tree? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism Chapter menu ...
... locations. Which of the following is the correct term for the relationship between the bat and the tree? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism Chapter menu ...
PPT 2
... An association between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed is called a. symbiosis. b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism. ...
... An association between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed is called a. symbiosis. b. mutualism. c. commensalism. d. parasitism. ...
Introduction to Evolution
... may have a small or undetectable effect on the organism's ability to survive and reproduce if the essential biological function of the coded protein is not hindered. But where an amino acid substitution affects the active site of an enzyme or modifies in some other way an essential function of a pro ...
... may have a small or undetectable effect on the organism's ability to survive and reproduce if the essential biological function of the coded protein is not hindered. But where an amino acid substitution affects the active site of an enzyme or modifies in some other way an essential function of a pro ...
Organism Size, Life History, and N:P Stoichiometry
... well as provide new insights into biological phenomena that may be puzzling when considered from more traditional single-currency approaches. ...
... well as provide new insights into biological phenomena that may be puzzling when considered from more traditional single-currency approaches. ...
Interactions between two endangered butterflies and invasive, exotic
... population, or to continuously disperse through non-reproductive habitat. Because western Oregon grasslands are highly fragmented and degraded (Wilson et al. 2003), high quality reproductive habitat outside the currently occupied sites are relatively rare, usually small in area, and are far enough a ...
... population, or to continuously disperse through non-reproductive habitat. Because western Oregon grasslands are highly fragmented and degraded (Wilson et al. 2003), high quality reproductive habitat outside the currently occupied sites are relatively rare, usually small in area, and are far enough a ...
The impact of floral larceny on individuals, populations, and
... Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA Present address: R.E. Irwin, Institute of Ecology, Ecology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA ...
... Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA Present address: R.E. Irwin, Institute of Ecology, Ecology Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA ...
Biodiversity - Convention on Biological Diversity
... Importance (value) of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems In agricultural systems biodiversity is important 1. for the production of food, fibre, fuel, fodder...(goods) 2. to conserve the ecological foundations to sustain life (life support function) 3. to allow adaptation to changing situation ...
... Importance (value) of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems In agricultural systems biodiversity is important 1. for the production of food, fibre, fuel, fodder...(goods) 2. to conserve the ecological foundations to sustain life (life support function) 3. to allow adaptation to changing situation ...
Mollusks : Carnegie Museum of Natural History
... Elwell & Ulmer (1971) detailed the habitats of A. alternata in Iowa, finding that it did not produce sperm until reaching 9mm diameter and did not oviposit until at least 13mm. In the wild these snails matured in their second or third summer. In a captive colony this snail burrowed into soil, gravel ...
... Elwell & Ulmer (1971) detailed the habitats of A. alternata in Iowa, finding that it did not produce sperm until reaching 9mm diameter and did not oviposit until at least 13mm. In the wild these snails matured in their second or third summer. In a captive colony this snail burrowed into soil, gravel ...
The Effects of Simulated Competition on Foraging Behavior in
... Squirrels were more likely to avoid any competition and forage at the vacant food source. In addition, for all of the trials, the squirrel and chipmunk dolls were left undisturbed. These findings support the suggestion that squirrels compete exploitatively and not through direct interference. Furthe ...
... Squirrels were more likely to avoid any competition and forage at the vacant food source. In addition, for all of the trials, the squirrel and chipmunk dolls were left undisturbed. These findings support the suggestion that squirrels compete exploitatively and not through direct interference. Furthe ...
The tortoise and the hare: ecology of angiosperm
... between populations cannot be made at present given this limited empirical base. Conifers, like most trees, are usually highly heterozygous (Brown, 1979; Hamrick, Linhart & Mitton, 1979) regardless of whether species ranges are continuous or divided into isolated ‘islands’ (Hiebert & Hamrick, 1983). ...
... between populations cannot be made at present given this limited empirical base. Conifers, like most trees, are usually highly heterozygous (Brown, 1979; Hamrick, Linhart & Mitton, 1979) regardless of whether species ranges are continuous or divided into isolated ‘islands’ (Hiebert & Hamrick, 1983). ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.