![Ecological interactions drive evolutionary loss of traits.](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003837446_1-31b85b08cc7d087f31aa57ed814869f0-300x300.png)
Ecological interactions drive evolutionary loss of traits.
... losses are likely widespread in more communities (e.g. consortia of microbes within animal guts) and could also occur in other types of ecological interactions, but can be difficult to identify due to the number of interacting partners. Interactions between free-living organisms as a driver of compe ...
... losses are likely widespread in more communities (e.g. consortia of microbes within animal guts) and could also occur in other types of ecological interactions, but can be difficult to identify due to the number of interacting partners. Interactions between free-living organisms as a driver of compe ...
Ecological interactions drive evolutionary loss of traits
... losses are likely widespread in more communities (e.g. consortia of microbes within animal guts) and could also occur in other types of ecological interactions, but can be difficult to identify due to the number of interacting partners. Interactions between free-living organisms as a driver of compe ...
... losses are likely widespread in more communities (e.g. consortia of microbes within animal guts) and could also occur in other types of ecological interactions, but can be difficult to identify due to the number of interacting partners. Interactions between free-living organisms as a driver of compe ...
Artificial Night Lighting and Protected Lands
... that have ultraviolet or blue light (shorter wavelengths) and in general use lights with red and yellow hues. 3. Intensity. Reducing the intensity of lights can often improve visibility for humans by reducing the contrast between light and shadow, allowing people to see a larger area than they might ...
... that have ultraviolet or blue light (shorter wavelengths) and in general use lights with red and yellow hues. 3. Intensity. Reducing the intensity of lights can often improve visibility for humans by reducing the contrast between light and shadow, allowing people to see a larger area than they might ...
Sympatric, parapatric or allopatric: the most important way to classify
... Europe, northeast England, northwest Spain and southwest Sweden, pairs of divergent morphs have been studied in detail (summarized in table 2; figure 2). In northeast England, a thin-shelled morph with wide aperture (H morph) is found on the high shore, typically in crevices on vertical surfaces nea ...
... Europe, northeast England, northwest Spain and southwest Sweden, pairs of divergent morphs have been studied in detail (summarized in table 2; figure 2). In northeast England, a thin-shelled morph with wide aperture (H morph) is found on the high shore, typically in crevices on vertical surfaces nea ...
Maintenance of leaf N controls the photosynthetic CO of free-air CO
... species in functional groups could be represented in models predicting community responses to environmental change (Suding et al., 2008). This study aims to provide insight into mechanisms that drive species responses to atmospheric change for two contrasting functional groups under a combination of ...
... species in functional groups could be represented in models predicting community responses to environmental change (Suding et al., 2008). This study aims to provide insight into mechanisms that drive species responses to atmospheric change for two contrasting functional groups under a combination of ...
COMMENSALISM AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE
... Miadenov 1997, Grange 1991, Fujita and Ohta 1988, Emson and Woodley 1987, Hendler and Miller 1984) yet the ecological dynamics of brittle star-host associations within the family are poorly known. Brittle star host fidelity ranges from specific to a single host species in a particular geographic lo ...
... Miadenov 1997, Grange 1991, Fujita and Ohta 1988, Emson and Woodley 1987, Hendler and Miller 1984) yet the ecological dynamics of brittle star-host associations within the family are poorly known. Brittle star host fidelity ranges from specific to a single host species in a particular geographic lo ...
Sympatric, parapatric or allopatric: the most important way to classify
... Europe, northeast England, northwest Spain and southwest Sweden, pairs of divergent morphs have been studied in detail (summarized in table 2; figure 2). In northeast England, a thin-shelled morph with wide aperture (H morph) is found on the high shore, typically in crevices on vertical surfaces nea ...
... Europe, northeast England, northwest Spain and southwest Sweden, pairs of divergent morphs have been studied in detail (summarized in table 2; figure 2). In northeast England, a thin-shelled morph with wide aperture (H morph) is found on the high shore, typically in crevices on vertical surfaces nea ...
impacts of climate change on biodiversity
... CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be mad ...
... CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be mad ...
Social wasp foraging behavior
... more predictable than that of food resources such as prey and nectar (91). Polybia occidentalis foragers tend to specialize upon gathering a single type of resource, and if foragers do change from collecting one resource type to another, the switch tends to be within a functionally related group of ...
... more predictable than that of food resources such as prey and nectar (91). Polybia occidentalis foragers tend to specialize upon gathering a single type of resource, and if foragers do change from collecting one resource type to another, the switch tends to be within a functionally related group of ...
MARAM IWS_DEC11_ALL_1 (Document list)
... MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/MODEL/P1: A. Nielsen. State-space fish stock assessment model as alternative to (semi-) deterministic VPA approaches and full parametric stochastic models. MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/MODEL/P2: C. Matthee and S. von der Heyden. Report on Hake Genetics. MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/MODEL/P3: R. Rademeye ...
... MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/MODEL/P1: A. Nielsen. State-space fish stock assessment model as alternative to (semi-) deterministic VPA approaches and full parametric stochastic models. MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/MODEL/P2: C. Matthee and S. von der Heyden. Report on Hake Genetics. MARAM IWS/DEC11/H/MODEL/P3: R. Rademeye ...
PACE, MICHAEL L., AND DOLORS VAQUÉ. The importance of
... The West Long Lake experiments were different in three ways. First, the <20+rn treatment was excluded based on prior results in the Upton and Tyrrel experiments. Second, larger enclosures (40 liter) were used, and these enclosures were incubated in situ. Third, we did not measure the in situ concent ...
... The West Long Lake experiments were different in three ways. First, the <20+rn treatment was excluded based on prior results in the Upton and Tyrrel experiments. Second, larger enclosures (40 liter) were used, and these enclosures were incubated in situ. Third, we did not measure the in situ concent ...
Long-Distance Dispersal of Plants
... observed dispersal distances. This evidence comes from ecological studies (scales of several kilometers; see below) and biogeographical studies Ee.g., multiple colonizations of remote islands such as Hawaii (7) and intercontinental disjunctions across the Atlantic Ocean (8)^. The rarity and stochast ...
... observed dispersal distances. This evidence comes from ecological studies (scales of several kilometers; see below) and biogeographical studies Ee.g., multiple colonizations of remote islands such as Hawaii (7) and intercontinental disjunctions across the Atlantic Ocean (8)^. The rarity and stochast ...
The Response of Natural Enemies to Selective Insecticides Applied
... effect on the natural enemy community. If there was no change, or an increase it indicated that the treatment had a negligible effect on the natural enemy community. The tests for an effect of year and the effects of insecticide treatments were based on assessments all of the natural enemies, both a ...
... effect on the natural enemy community. If there was no change, or an increase it indicated that the treatment had a negligible effect on the natural enemy community. The tests for an effect of year and the effects of insecticide treatments were based on assessments all of the natural enemies, both a ...
Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Kenya
... Biodiversity is best defined by patterns we see in the world around us and these patterns are the raw material for understanding biological diversity (Huston, 1994). Patterns of species diversity have long been of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, but explanation of these patterns remains ...
... Biodiversity is best defined by patterns we see in the world around us and these patterns are the raw material for understanding biological diversity (Huston, 1994). Patterns of species diversity have long been of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, but explanation of these patterns remains ...
Biome and Ecology Project
... –Grass---Deer---Mtn. Lion 6) Examples of relationships with picture Give an example of each from your biome –Predation –Mutualism –Parasitism –Competition –Commensalism Provide a picture of each 7) Biomass Pyramid or Pyramid of Numbers or an Energy pyramid should be drawn using the names of organism ...
... –Grass---Deer---Mtn. Lion 6) Examples of relationships with picture Give an example of each from your biome –Predation –Mutualism –Parasitism –Competition –Commensalism Provide a picture of each 7) Biomass Pyramid or Pyramid of Numbers or an Energy pyramid should be drawn using the names of organism ...
fitzgerald biosphere recovery plan
... The attainment of this Plans objectives and the provision of funds necessary to implement actions is subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery Plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official posit ...
... The attainment of this Plans objectives and the provision of funds necessary to implement actions is subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery Plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official posit ...
Volume 2, Chapter 4-2 - Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech
... 29 February 2012). Argonemertes dendyi (Figure 12) is among the small fauna, measuring only 15 mm (Dakin 1915). It has multiple eyes, numbering as many as 30 or 40. As descendents from marine organisms, one of the major adaptations required by terrestrial nemerteans was a way to maintain sufficient ...
... 29 February 2012). Argonemertes dendyi (Figure 12) is among the small fauna, measuring only 15 mm (Dakin 1915). It has multiple eyes, numbering as many as 30 or 40. As descendents from marine organisms, one of the major adaptations required by terrestrial nemerteans was a way to maintain sufficient ...
An evaluation of coastal dune forest restoration in northern KwaZulu-Natal,
... South Africa in 1977. Management of the rehabilitation process is founded upon the principles of ecological succession after ameliorating the mine tailings to accelerate initial colonisation. Many factors may detract from the predictability of the ecological succession. For example, if historical co ...
... South Africa in 1977. Management of the rehabilitation process is founded upon the principles of ecological succession after ameliorating the mine tailings to accelerate initial colonisation. Many factors may detract from the predictability of the ecological succession. For example, if historical co ...
Queensland Wildlife Trade Management Plan for Export
... The relevant provisions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) came into force on 11 January 2002, following the incorporation of the former Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982. The EPBC Act provides legislative provisions requ ...
... The relevant provisions under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) came into force on 11 January 2002, following the incorporation of the former Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982. The EPBC Act provides legislative provisions requ ...
Moths and Mountains: Diversity, Altitude and Latitude
... structure and which may be useful as indicator species for climate change monitoring, (4) investigate the degree to which moth fauna are vertically stratified, across altitude and latitude. ...
... structure and which may be useful as indicator species for climate change monitoring, (4) investigate the degree to which moth fauna are vertically stratified, across altitude and latitude. ...
article as pdf-file
... the plant tissues, fruit, or on underground plant parts. Members of this category primarily include eggs and immatures of certain species of the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Dptera, and Hymenoptera. Examples of SI pest specieson cottonareboll weevil eggsand immatures and bollworm/budworm larvae h ...
... the plant tissues, fruit, or on underground plant parts. Members of this category primarily include eggs and immatures of certain species of the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Dptera, and Hymenoptera. Examples of SI pest specieson cottonareboll weevil eggsand immatures and bollworm/budworm larvae h ...
Edge effects on the regeneration of forest fragments in south Brazil
... Forested environments are being cleared all over the world. From 1981 to 1990, the loss of tropical forests was estimated at 154 million ha. As a result of that, the interface between forest and open environment has increased greatly. General patterns of species distribution and dynamics in these fo ...
... Forested environments are being cleared all over the world. From 1981 to 1990, the loss of tropical forests was estimated at 154 million ha. As a result of that, the interface between forest and open environment has increased greatly. General patterns of species distribution and dynamics in these fo ...
Record 1 of 23
... variation those ecosystems have experienced in the past, and by determining the environmental conditions under which those ecosystems arose. The range of environmental variation depends on the time scale at which it is assessed. A narrow time span (e.g. 200-300 years) may underestimate the range of ...
... variation those ecosystems have experienced in the past, and by determining the environmental conditions under which those ecosystems arose. The range of environmental variation depends on the time scale at which it is assessed. A narrow time span (e.g. 200-300 years) may underestimate the range of ...
Theoretical ecology
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FoodWeb.jpg?width=300)
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.