INSECT–PLANT RELATIONSHIP – CHANCE AND NECESSITY
... (1947) important book considerably influenced contemporary thinking, allowing much conceptual space for chemical factors. The general ambition to find compounds responsible for spotting a host-plant has not since died out with phytophagous insects and with the Colorado potato beetle in particular, a ...
... (1947) important book considerably influenced contemporary thinking, allowing much conceptual space for chemical factors. The general ambition to find compounds responsible for spotting a host-plant has not since died out with phytophagous insects and with the Colorado potato beetle in particular, a ...
THE STABILITY OF BOUNDARY REGIONS BETWEEN KELP BEDS
... for food, destroying kelps and other foliose algae in the process (Russo 1979, Cowen et al. 1982, Harris et al. 1984, Harrold and Reed 1985, Scheibling 1986, Rogers-Bennett et al. 1995). While sea urchin predators can drive shallow reef environments from one state to the other, especially in the nor ...
... for food, destroying kelps and other foliose algae in the process (Russo 1979, Cowen et al. 1982, Harris et al. 1984, Harrold and Reed 1985, Scheibling 1986, Rogers-Bennett et al. 1995). While sea urchin predators can drive shallow reef environments from one state to the other, especially in the nor ...
Aphid and ladybird beetle abundance depend on the interaction of
... results. To determine the percent variation accounted for by each experimental factor, we used general linear models using the equation: (treatment sum of squares)/(total sum of squares) 9 100% (Johnson 2008). How important is genotype identity relative to spatial effects? Our first model tested the ...
... results. To determine the percent variation accounted for by each experimental factor, we used general linear models using the equation: (treatment sum of squares)/(total sum of squares) 9 100% (Johnson 2008). How important is genotype identity relative to spatial effects? Our first model tested the ...
Allee effects in biological invasions
... population at any given location thereby reducing density and resulting in higher initial densities necessary to overcome the Allee effect than in the corresponding non-spatial models (in which diffusion is zero) (Bradford & Philip 1970b). Two dimensional RD models predict critical densities even hi ...
... population at any given location thereby reducing density and resulting in higher initial densities necessary to overcome the Allee effect than in the corresponding non-spatial models (in which diffusion is zero) (Bradford & Philip 1970b). Two dimensional RD models predict critical densities even hi ...
wolf and elk predator-prey dynamics in banff national park
... In 1997 I began my contract with Parks Canada to study wolf and elk population dynamics in response to recommendations in the government task force, the Banff Bow Valley Study, and the new BNP management plan. Other cooperating agencies during this period included Alberta Environment Protection, Kan ...
... In 1997 I began my contract with Parks Canada to study wolf and elk population dynamics in response to recommendations in the government task force, the Banff Bow Valley Study, and the new BNP management plan. Other cooperating agencies during this period included Alberta Environment Protection, Kan ...
Investigation of threats to the Christmas Island Pipistrelle.
... on the island, as well as during the preparation phase of this study and subsequent to the field work, especially with respect to the infra-red cameras, roost watches and detector monitoring. We would also like to recognise the huge amount of work David has undertaken in monitoring the Christmas Isl ...
... on the island, as well as during the preparation phase of this study and subsequent to the field work, especially with respect to the infra-red cameras, roost watches and detector monitoring. We would also like to recognise the huge amount of work David has undertaken in monitoring the Christmas Isl ...
Trophic relationships of nonnative brown trout, Salmo
... Statistical analysis We contrasted brown trout and cutthroat trout dietary habits and prey-selection patterns using a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. With respect to whole-sample diet descriptors first, we contrasted prey occurrence (% O) and relative prey importan ...
... Statistical analysis We contrasted brown trout and cutthroat trout dietary habits and prey-selection patterns using a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. With respect to whole-sample diet descriptors first, we contrasted prey occurrence (% O) and relative prey importan ...
Habitat Connectivity: Monitoring of Crossing Structures
... Abstract: An intensive monitoring was carried out between June and September 2002 in different passage types across a highway in NW Spain in order to determine their use by terrestrial vertebrates. We used marble dust-beds to get footprints and a complementary photographic system to identify species ...
... Abstract: An intensive monitoring was carried out between June and September 2002 in different passage types across a highway in NW Spain in order to determine their use by terrestrial vertebrates. We used marble dust-beds to get footprints and a complementary photographic system to identify species ...
The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms
... of adventitious sounds, such as footfalls and other byproducts of motion. These sounds are not intentionally produced and natural selection will typically favor individuals that minimize their production. The prevalence and characteristics of adventitious sounds have not been widely studied [14–16], ...
... of adventitious sounds, such as footfalls and other byproducts of motion. These sounds are not intentionally produced and natural selection will typically favor individuals that minimize their production. The prevalence and characteristics of adventitious sounds have not been widely studied [14–16], ...
Volume 2, Chapter 12-4: Terrestrial Insects: Hemimetabola
... the environment is constant and advantages for survival may shift as the weather shifts. As a result of this and other problems with the complex relationship, Gause's law has come under close scrutiny, with many researchers providing examples that appear to disprove it. For example, Simberloff (1982 ...
... the environment is constant and advantages for survival may shift as the weather shifts. As a result of this and other problems with the complex relationship, Gause's law has come under close scrutiny, with many researchers providing examples that appear to disprove it. For example, Simberloff (1982 ...
What can aquatic gastropods tell us about phenotypic
... statistical tool used to synthesise multiple, independent data sets into a single data set used to test predictions. Here, we used the same method for metaanalysis as in Hollander (2008). As a measure of the magnitude of plastic responses we quantified an effect size for each study using Hedge’s d (G ...
... statistical tool used to synthesise multiple, independent data sets into a single data set used to test predictions. Here, we used the same method for metaanalysis as in Hollander (2008). As a measure of the magnitude of plastic responses we quantified an effect size for each study using Hedge’s d (G ...
Microtus californicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
... Average number ± SD (range) of meibomian glands in the eyelids for 10 specimens was: dorsal lid, 4.2 ± 0.9 (3-6); ventral lid 1.9 ± 0.9 (1-3); and both lids, 6.1 ± 1.4 (4-9Quay 1954a). Number of glands was not correlated with sex, season, or age (Quay 1954a). Adrenal mass shows no consistent relatio ...
... Average number ± SD (range) of meibomian glands in the eyelids for 10 specimens was: dorsal lid, 4.2 ± 0.9 (3-6); ventral lid 1.9 ± 0.9 (1-3); and both lids, 6.1 ± 1.4 (4-9Quay 1954a). Number of glands was not correlated with sex, season, or age (Quay 1954a). Adrenal mass shows no consistent relatio ...
Foragin Behavior of the Leather Seastar, Dermasterias imbricata
... chosen from the circular tanks by assigning a random number to each individual and ...
... chosen from the circular tanks by assigning a random number to each individual and ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
... factor along with several biotic and abiotic covariates that might affect Lespedeza seedling establishment. In order to select relevant biotic and abiotic covariates for our model, we generated a correlation matrix among biotic and abiotic covariates and Lespedeza seedling establishment across all m ...
... factor along with several biotic and abiotic covariates that might affect Lespedeza seedling establishment. In order to select relevant biotic and abiotic covariates for our model, we generated a correlation matrix among biotic and abiotic covariates and Lespedeza seedling establishment across all m ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
... factor along with several biotic and abiotic covariates that might affect Lespedeza seedling establishment. In order to select relevant biotic and abiotic covariates for our model, we generated a correlation matrix among biotic and abiotic covariates and Lespedeza seedling establishment across all m ...
... factor along with several biotic and abiotic covariates that might affect Lespedeza seedling establishment. In order to select relevant biotic and abiotic covariates for our model, we generated a correlation matrix among biotic and abiotic covariates and Lespedeza seedling establishment across all m ...
Direct and indirect effects of nutrients on
... regression on percent cover of a given species, using guano, relative tidal height, and all correlated species whose abundance varied with guano as independent variables in an effort to probe whether any of the differences found between sites with and without guano resulted from direct effects of gu ...
... regression on percent cover of a given species, using guano, relative tidal height, and all correlated species whose abundance varied with guano as independent variables in an effort to probe whether any of the differences found between sites with and without guano resulted from direct effects of gu ...
The invasive Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in
... 2 The active and passive dispersal of Crassostrea gigas..................................................................................... 15 2.1 Distribution of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Europe ............................................................. 15 2.2 Distribution of Cr ...
... 2 The active and passive dispersal of Crassostrea gigas..................................................................................... 15 2.1 Distribution of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Europe ............................................................. 15 2.2 Distribution of Cr ...
FROST, BRUCE W. The role of grazing in nutrient
... No single factor accounts fully for the persistently low phytoplankton stocks in the nutrient-rich areas of the open sea. However, grazing plays the necessary role of consuming phytoplankton produced in excess of losses due to physical processes and sinking. Without grazing, even if specific growth ...
... No single factor accounts fully for the persistently low phytoplankton stocks in the nutrient-rich areas of the open sea. However, grazing plays the necessary role of consuming phytoplankton produced in excess of losses due to physical processes and sinking. Without grazing, even if specific growth ...
Guppy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... cone'—and approach the predator from the side or back. They may also form a group for protection, the size of which is larger in high-predation populations. Although evidence indicates predators are less likely to attack an inspector than a noninspector, the inspectors remain at higher risk due to p ...
... cone'—and approach the predator from the side or back. They may also form a group for protection, the size of which is larger in high-predation populations. Although evidence indicates predators are less likely to attack an inspector than a noninspector, the inspectors remain at higher risk due to p ...
reprint - Anderson lab - University of Georgia
... xantiana (Eckhart and Geber 1999; Eckhart et al. 2004; Briscoe Runquist et al. 2014). In reciprocal transplant experiments, the two subspecies show strong adaptation to their exclusive ranges but do not differ in lifetime fitness at the contact zone (Geber and Eckhart 2005). The taxa differ in flora ...
... xantiana (Eckhart and Geber 1999; Eckhart et al. 2004; Briscoe Runquist et al. 2014). In reciprocal transplant experiments, the two subspecies show strong adaptation to their exclusive ranges but do not differ in lifetime fitness at the contact zone (Geber and Eckhart 2005). The taxa differ in flora ...
managing bull kelp forests
... of bull kelp has been limited. As a result, however, few resources have been invested in the development and implementation of stock assessment programs, harvest record databases or management guidelines for bull kelp. Current management regulations for bull kelp vary widely, and appear to be consis ...
... of bull kelp has been limited. As a result, however, few resources have been invested in the development and implementation of stock assessment programs, harvest record databases or management guidelines for bull kelp. Current management regulations for bull kelp vary widely, and appear to be consis ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.