![Mutualism between Thisbe irenea butterflies and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017497395_1-e6bce0f1b75f731d83c85b2687b3bb59-300x300.png)
Mutualism between Thisbe irenea butterflies and
... Various authors have discussed theoretically the contributions of both mutualism and appeasement to the evolution of larval ant-organs and butterfly myrmecophily (Malicky, 1969, 1970; Pierce & Mead, 1981; Pierce, 1987; Fiedler & Maschwitz, 1988), and Cottrell (1984) pointed out that the two ideas ma ...
... Various authors have discussed theoretically the contributions of both mutualism and appeasement to the evolution of larval ant-organs and butterfly myrmecophily (Malicky, 1969, 1970; Pierce & Mead, 1981; Pierce, 1987; Fiedler & Maschwitz, 1988), and Cottrell (1984) pointed out that the two ideas ma ...
the round goby - McGill University
... the body), and gender of each animal were recorded before each trial. Experimental arenas consisted of 75 L tanks with three sides covered with brown paper to minimize disturbance, and contained only a PVC tube shelter in the center of the experimental arena to maximize the visibility of the animals ...
... the body), and gender of each animal were recorded before each trial. Experimental arenas consisted of 75 L tanks with three sides covered with brown paper to minimize disturbance, and contained only a PVC tube shelter in the center of the experimental arena to maximize the visibility of the animals ...
- Our Schools
... • Competitive exclusion = one species completely excludes another species from using the resource • Species coexistence = neither species fully excludes the other from resources, so both live side by side - This produces a stable point of equilibrium, with stable population sizes - Species adjust to ...
... • Competitive exclusion = one species completely excludes another species from using the resource • Species coexistence = neither species fully excludes the other from resources, so both live side by side - This produces a stable point of equilibrium, with stable population sizes - Species adjust to ...
IMC 10 - SAREM
... distribution of a particular species if data of unverified specimens are utilized may in fact be a confusing mix of localities for several similar (and sometimes not so similar) species. As part of a work in progress on the Mammals of Argentina, specimens from most of the world's collections have be ...
... distribution of a particular species if data of unverified specimens are utilized may in fact be a confusing mix of localities for several similar (and sometimes not so similar) species. As part of a work in progress on the Mammals of Argentina, specimens from most of the world's collections have be ...
Extreme Wildlife Declines and Concurrent Increase in
... aerial sample surveys in 1977. The same sampling procedure has been used since monitoring began in 1977. A total of 361 surveys were conducted between 1977 and 2016 (S1 Data). Systematic reconnaissance flights are used to obtain information on animal numbers and distribution. The survey flights foll ...
... aerial sample surveys in 1977. The same sampling procedure has been used since monitoring began in 1977. A total of 361 surveys were conducted between 1977 and 2016 (S1 Data). Systematic reconnaissance flights are used to obtain information on animal numbers and distribution. The survey flights foll ...
KATARINA OGANJAN Distribution, feeding and
... have received particular attention because of the role that they play in eutrophicated waterbodies (Reeders and Bij de Vaate, 1990; Lindahl et al., 2005; Stybel et al., 2009). BSF are considered a natural eutrophication control, especially in shallow, turbid, nutrient replete systems (Officer et al. ...
... have received particular attention because of the role that they play in eutrophicated waterbodies (Reeders and Bij de Vaate, 1990; Lindahl et al., 2005; Stybel et al., 2009). BSF are considered a natural eutrophication control, especially in shallow, turbid, nutrient replete systems (Officer et al. ...
sagnard_etal_2007_ecomod
... Norway spruce (P. abies). We selected this ISP for our study because, although pine and spruce adult trees greatly outnumbered naturally occurring adult A. alba and F. sylvatica trees (we measured that their basal area was 8% that of pine and spruce combined), regeneration was predominantly made of ...
... Norway spruce (P. abies). We selected this ISP for our study because, although pine and spruce adult trees greatly outnumbered naturally occurring adult A. alba and F. sylvatica trees (we measured that their basal area was 8% that of pine and spruce combined), regeneration was predominantly made of ...
Soil Zoology
... Perhaps the most exciting development in the last 10 or so years has been the use of the isotopic measurements to identify the trophic position of soil invertebrates, independently of previous knowledge derived from conventional studies such as food choice tests, litter bags or gut analysis. Combin ...
... Perhaps the most exciting development in the last 10 or so years has been the use of the isotopic measurements to identify the trophic position of soil invertebrates, independently of previous knowledge derived from conventional studies such as food choice tests, litter bags or gut analysis. Combin ...
Marine crabs eating freshwater frogs
... while crabs are mostly marine creatures, it seems hardly surprising that these two kinds of animal rarely prey on one another. There are, however, some situations where crabs occur in freshwater and are preyed on by frogs (Church, 1960; Premo and Atmowidjojo, 1987; Barrios Quiroz and Casas-Andreu, 2 ...
... while crabs are mostly marine creatures, it seems hardly surprising that these two kinds of animal rarely prey on one another. There are, however, some situations where crabs occur in freshwater and are preyed on by frogs (Church, 1960; Premo and Atmowidjojo, 1987; Barrios Quiroz and Casas-Andreu, 2 ...
waterbirds
... less extreme and began somewhat later. Shifts in nesting habitat have partially coincided with changes in population trends. Coulson (2015) presented arguments for disease avoidance being a driving factor for gull movement to cities and towns, and cited lethal management as a contributing factor to ...
... less extreme and began somewhat later. Shifts in nesting habitat have partially coincided with changes in population trends. Coulson (2015) presented arguments for disease avoidance being a driving factor for gull movement to cities and towns, and cited lethal management as a contributing factor to ...
determining the data needed to test the feasibility of a quota system
... In determining the quota management system criteria, a conceptual study by Arnason (1990) using basic fisheries modeling was conducted to generate equations containing the minimum information management scheme for an Individual Transferable Share Quota System (ITSQ). The study suggested that a fish ...
... In determining the quota management system criteria, a conceptual study by Arnason (1990) using basic fisheries modeling was conducted to generate equations containing the minimum information management scheme for an Individual Transferable Share Quota System (ITSQ). The study suggested that a fish ...
Spruce budworm outbreaks and the incidence of vagrancy in
... middle Pacific Coast (northern California) and southern Pacific Coast (southern California) published in American Birds/National Audubon Society Field Notes and from Roberson (1980). Only records from the fall migration period (mid-August through November) in 1972 through 1994 inclusive were used. S ...
... middle Pacific Coast (northern California) and southern Pacific Coast (southern California) published in American Birds/National Audubon Society Field Notes and from Roberson (1980). Only records from the fall migration period (mid-August through November) in 1972 through 1994 inclusive were used. S ...
Teaching Guide - BioMEDIA Associates
... With observation, students should be able to identify local organisms (including small life) as producer, or assign the organisms to a consumer level. They should be able to create energy pyramids for local ecosystems. ...
... With observation, students should be able to identify local organisms (including small life) as producer, or assign the organisms to a consumer level. They should be able to create energy pyramids for local ecosystems. ...
Risk analysis of the - Belgian Biodiversity Platform
... squirrel has a high invasive ability and will find, in Belgium and in the Ecoregion, suitable climatic conditions, habitats and food disponibility in forests, woodlots and parks. Furthermore, only a few individuals are needed to develop a founding population. ...
... squirrel has a high invasive ability and will find, in Belgium and in the Ecoregion, suitable climatic conditions, habitats and food disponibility in forests, woodlots and parks. Furthermore, only a few individuals are needed to develop a founding population. ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 230:195
... rates are therefore typically derived by following populations in their environment over time. This is inherently difficult and time consuming; hence, estimates of copepod mortality rates are scarce and ideas as to global in situ patterns are lacking. In this study, we consider rates and patterns in ...
... rates are therefore typically derived by following populations in their environment over time. This is inherently difficult and time consuming; hence, estimates of copepod mortality rates are scarce and ideas as to global in situ patterns are lacking. In this study, we consider rates and patterns in ...
Biology
... community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Analyze energy flow through an ecosystem. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is ...
... community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Analyze energy flow through an ecosystem. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is ...
Evolutionary and ecological significance of
... symmetry variations not present in other echinoderms. Some authors (e.g. Dawkins, 1996) have used this variability to argue that pentamerism is not a fundamental character of crown-group echinoderms, but a more widely accepted hypothesis is that of Hotchkiss (1998a, b, 2000). His research into echin ...
... symmetry variations not present in other echinoderms. Some authors (e.g. Dawkins, 1996) have used this variability to argue that pentamerism is not a fundamental character of crown-group echinoderms, but a more widely accepted hypothesis is that of Hotchkiss (1998a, b, 2000). His research into echin ...
Biological carryover effects
... disparate fields investigating these effects in ecological systems. Greater communication among research fields and identifying mechanisms of carryover effects at different time scales will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the factors influencing variation in individual fitness. Key word ...
... disparate fields investigating these effects in ecological systems. Greater communication among research fields and identifying mechanisms of carryover effects at different time scales will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the factors influencing variation in individual fitness. Key word ...
Do social spiders cooperate in predator defense
... (Uetz 1989). Similarly, webs are closely associated with antipredator defense in the social spiders. Spiders in groups may be better defended from predators, either by early warnings communicated through the web (Hodge and Uetz 1992) or by silk that hinders predators from penetrating into the core o ...
... (Uetz 1989). Similarly, webs are closely associated with antipredator defense in the social spiders. Spiders in groups may be better defended from predators, either by early warnings communicated through the web (Hodge and Uetz 1992) or by silk that hinders predators from penetrating into the core o ...
Towards a Healthy and Sustainable Dance
... resources they exchange in fulfilling their intended outcomes. Our analysis identified five different kinds of resources: know-how (e.g., skills and creativity), money, meaning (as conveyed through art), fulfillment (feeling satisfied in that you are able to achieve a desired goal), and socially con ...
... resources they exchange in fulfilling their intended outcomes. Our analysis identified five different kinds of resources: know-how (e.g., skills and creativity), money, meaning (as conveyed through art), fulfillment (feeling satisfied in that you are able to achieve a desired goal), and socially con ...
Theoretical ecology
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FoodWeb.jpg?width=300)
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.