File - Mrs Jones A
... (autumn) high(est) mass birds have low(est) oxygen consumption; (spring) low(est) mass birds have high(est) oxygen consumption; data quote mass plus O2 consumption; only generate heat in proportion to (small) mass; but lose it in proportion to (large) surface area; homeothermic/small birds find it h ...
... (autumn) high(est) mass birds have low(est) oxygen consumption; (spring) low(est) mass birds have high(est) oxygen consumption; data quote mass plus O2 consumption; only generate heat in proportion to (small) mass; but lose it in proportion to (large) surface area; homeothermic/small birds find it h ...
Antibiotics - Dr Magrann
... NAM SYNTHESIS: D-cycloserine mimics D-Alanine, prevents synthesis. SHUTTLE: Bacitracin interferes with C55 lipid shuttle by binding it. TRANSGLYCOSYLATION: Glycopeptides (e.g. Vancomycin) prevents it. CROSSLINKAGE: b- lactams mimic D-ALA-D-ALA of NAM and interfere with the enzymes that do the crossl ...
... NAM SYNTHESIS: D-cycloserine mimics D-Alanine, prevents synthesis. SHUTTLE: Bacitracin interferes with C55 lipid shuttle by binding it. TRANSGLYCOSYLATION: Glycopeptides (e.g. Vancomycin) prevents it. CROSSLINKAGE: b- lactams mimic D-ALA-D-ALA of NAM and interfere with the enzymes that do the crossl ...
The Respiratory System
... • Warms & moistens air • Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal cavity – cilia sweep mucus and trapped material to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed – traps dust, pollen, and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs ...
... • Warms & moistens air • Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal cavity – cilia sweep mucus and trapped material to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed – traps dust, pollen, and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs ...
Kranz Anatomy and the C4 Pathway
... As part of a complex biochemical pathway, the various C4 enzymes show multiple independent and interactive regulatory mechanisms (Furbank and Taylor, 1995; Berry et al., 1997). Activities of the various enzymes are modulated by feedback regulation, light, carbon metabolism, energy levels and photosy ...
... As part of a complex biochemical pathway, the various C4 enzymes show multiple independent and interactive regulatory mechanisms (Furbank and Taylor, 1995; Berry et al., 1997). Activities of the various enzymes are modulated by feedback regulation, light, carbon metabolism, energy levels and photosy ...
AP Chemistry
... Empirical and Molecular Formulas 8.48 g of a compound containing only C, H and O is completely burned. It gives off 12.42 g of carbon dioxide and 5.08 g of water. What is the mass percentage of each element in this compound? ...
... Empirical and Molecular Formulas 8.48 g of a compound containing only C, H and O is completely burned. It gives off 12.42 g of carbon dioxide and 5.08 g of water. What is the mass percentage of each element in this compound? ...
Protein Structure Prediction (10 points total)
... exchanging amides and proved more stable than CspA itself. These results indicate that native-like proteins can be generated directly by combinatorial segment assembly from nonhomologous proteins, with implications for theories of the evolution of new protein folds, as well as providing a means of c ...
... exchanging amides and proved more stable than CspA itself. These results indicate that native-like proteins can be generated directly by combinatorial segment assembly from nonhomologous proteins, with implications for theories of the evolution of new protein folds, as well as providing a means of c ...
Section B revision booklet
... give you an idea of what it is that you might be asked to do in an exam question • You can compare these to the exam glossary that makes up the last two slides of this pack Important trigger words for IGCSE Easy Recognise ...
... give you an idea of what it is that you might be asked to do in an exam question • You can compare these to the exam glossary that makes up the last two slides of this pack Important trigger words for IGCSE Easy Recognise ...
Microbial Genetics
... structures, enzymes or regulators. • Most gene products will be a polypeptide, which fold-up into functions proteins. • The instructions are manifest as a unique sequence of nucleotide base pairs within a larger DNA molecule. • A universal genetic code is followed to convert base pair sequence infor ...
... structures, enzymes or regulators. • Most gene products will be a polypeptide, which fold-up into functions proteins. • The instructions are manifest as a unique sequence of nucleotide base pairs within a larger DNA molecule. • A universal genetic code is followed to convert base pair sequence infor ...
Part B: Biological Organic Chemistry
... Stereochemistry; configuration, Fischer projection formulae, D/L sugars. Aldotetroses, aldopentoses and aldohexoses. Cyclic forms; pyranose, furanose, conformation, anomers, mutarotation. Typical reactions of monosaccharides. Glycosides; synthesis and biosynthesis. Metabolism of glucose. Disaccharid ...
... Stereochemistry; configuration, Fischer projection formulae, D/L sugars. Aldotetroses, aldopentoses and aldohexoses. Cyclic forms; pyranose, furanose, conformation, anomers, mutarotation. Typical reactions of monosaccharides. Glycosides; synthesis and biosynthesis. Metabolism of glucose. Disaccharid ...
SAT Practice Test 3
... Powdered zinc reacts faster with acid than a larger piece of zinc NH3 can best be collected by water displacement At 1 atm, pure water can boil at a temperature less than 273 K An exothermic reaction has a negative value for H ...
... Powdered zinc reacts faster with acid than a larger piece of zinc NH3 can best be collected by water displacement At 1 atm, pure water can boil at a temperature less than 273 K An exothermic reaction has a negative value for H ...
Chapter 8, part III
... • If given an equation in word format, the first step is to write the skeletal equation. • You do this by writing the symbol for the elements, and the formula for each compound. • Don’t forget your diatomic elements— their formula will be H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2,or I2. • Then, balance as normal! ...
... • If given an equation in word format, the first step is to write the skeletal equation. • You do this by writing the symbol for the elements, and the formula for each compound. • Don’t forget your diatomic elements— their formula will be H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2,or I2. • Then, balance as normal! ...
FREE Sample Here
... 27. You discover that you suffer from a deficiency in the amino acid tryptophan. At the pharmacy, you find both Dtryptophan and L-tryptophan supplements. Which do you purchase? Why? Ans: You should choose L-tryptophan. All amino acids can exist as one of two stereoisomers ( D or L) because of asymme ...
... 27. You discover that you suffer from a deficiency in the amino acid tryptophan. At the pharmacy, you find both Dtryptophan and L-tryptophan supplements. Which do you purchase? Why? Ans: You should choose L-tryptophan. All amino acids can exist as one of two stereoisomers ( D or L) because of asymme ...
FEED NUTRIENTS
... CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS As previously stated, rations must supply daily feed requirements from six classes of nutrients. Protein Proteins are complex organic macromolecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur. They consist of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins ar ...
... CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS As previously stated, rations must supply daily feed requirements from six classes of nutrients. Protein Proteins are complex organic macromolecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur. They consist of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins ar ...
Supplementary Material 1
... simulations. A higher cluster density means the structure occurs more often in the simulation trajectory and therefore signifies a better quality model. ...
... simulations. A higher cluster density means the structure occurs more often in the simulation trajectory and therefore signifies a better quality model. ...
Metabolism: Dissimilatory (energy, catabolic) metabolism
... Aerobic respiration: O2 is the terminal electron acceptor. Substrates: all kinds of organic matter, depending on presence of hydrolytic enzymes, reduced inorganic molecules (e.g., H2, HS-, NH4+, Fe2+, etc) Anaerobic respiration: other electron acceptors (e.g., NO3-, Fe3+, SO42-, etc). Substrates: us ...
... Aerobic respiration: O2 is the terminal electron acceptor. Substrates: all kinds of organic matter, depending on presence of hydrolytic enzymes, reduced inorganic molecules (e.g., H2, HS-, NH4+, Fe2+, etc) Anaerobic respiration: other electron acceptors (e.g., NO3-, Fe3+, SO42-, etc). Substrates: us ...
Urinary Amino Acids Profile of Vegetarians and Non
... profiles in plasma and urine also reflect the nutritional/metabolic status of an individual (Babu et al., 2002). Amino acids are the primary components of proteins and they are essential to life (Elliot and Elliot, 2001). Humans ingest far more protein (amino acids) than they need for replacement of ...
... profiles in plasma and urine also reflect the nutritional/metabolic status of an individual (Babu et al., 2002). Amino acids are the primary components of proteins and they are essential to life (Elliot and Elliot, 2001). Humans ingest far more protein (amino acids) than they need for replacement of ...
MULTIPLE CHOICE PART 2
... (3) a carbohydrate and an amino acid (4) an antibody and a hormone 33. In order to reduce consumption of nonrenewable resources, humans could (1) burn coal to heat houses instead of using oil (2) heat household water with solar radiation ...
... (3) a carbohydrate and an amino acid (4) an antibody and a hormone 33. In order to reduce consumption of nonrenewable resources, humans could (1) burn coal to heat houses instead of using oil (2) heat household water with solar radiation ...
Wrap up Genes and Expression
... The three amino acids in the blue box are basic ("amine" group in the side chain). Know relationship between DNA, mRNA, and aa’s ...
... The three amino acids in the blue box are basic ("amine" group in the side chain). Know relationship between DNA, mRNA, and aa’s ...
Orchard Park High School 2
... infecting li vestock. K yto coccus sedentarius is strictly aerobic, meaning it can only survive in oxygenated environments for cellular respiration , and it is strictly chemoheterotrophic, meaning it mu st con sume organic molecules in order to obtain energy. K yto coccus sedentarius requires severa ...
... infecting li vestock. K yto coccus sedentarius is strictly aerobic, meaning it can only survive in oxygenated environments for cellular respiration , and it is strictly chemoheterotrophic, meaning it mu st con sume organic molecules in order to obtain energy. K yto coccus sedentarius requires severa ...
Introductory Microbiology Chap. 5 Outlines Microbial Metabolism I
... Light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons. The electrons go through a process similar to what happens during respiration (an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis occur). This process releases energy that is used to bond a phosphate to ADP producing ATP. ...
... Light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons. The electrons go through a process similar to what happens during respiration (an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis occur). This process releases energy that is used to bond a phosphate to ADP producing ATP. ...
II. Acids and Bases
... is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor 9. For example, when a molecule of acid, HX, dissolves in water, it donates an H+ ion to a water molecule. The water molecule acts as a base and accepts the H+ ion. HX(aq) + H2O(l) <--> H3O+(aq) + X-(aq) 10. In the example above, the wate ...
... is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is a hydrogen-ion acceptor 9. For example, when a molecule of acid, HX, dissolves in water, it donates an H+ ion to a water molecule. The water molecule acts as a base and accepts the H+ ion. HX(aq) + H2O(l) <--> H3O+(aq) + X-(aq) 10. In the example above, the wate ...
What You Must Know to Pass the Regents Biology Exam
... which is larger than Kingdom. The diagram shows the three ...
... which is larger than Kingdom. The diagram shows the three ...
Chapter 17 Notes
... Three properties of RNA allow some RNA molecules to function as ribozymes. 1. Because RNA is single-stranded, a region of the RNA molecule may base-pair with a complementary region elsewhere in the same molecule, giving the RNA a specific threedimensional structure that is key to its ability to cata ...
... Three properties of RNA allow some RNA molecules to function as ribozymes. 1. Because RNA is single-stranded, a region of the RNA molecule may base-pair with a complementary region elsewhere in the same molecule, giving the RNA a specific threedimensional structure that is key to its ability to cata ...
Exons and Introns
... 1.DNA In eukaryotes, the genome is divided into : •Non-coding areas... between genes. •Genes : Each gene is divided into several exons, separated by non coding sequences, •Introns (not coding) •Exons (coding) •Promoters, and regulation sequences. 2.RNA polymerases RNA polymerases are enzymes that wi ...
... 1.DNA In eukaryotes, the genome is divided into : •Non-coding areas... between genes. •Genes : Each gene is divided into several exons, separated by non coding sequences, •Introns (not coding) •Exons (coding) •Promoters, and regulation sequences. 2.RNA polymerases RNA polymerases are enzymes that wi ...
16photosynthesis2007..
... get their energy from “self” get their energy from sunlight build organic molecules (food) from CO2 make energy through photosynthesis ...
... get their energy from “self” get their energy from sunlight build organic molecules (food) from CO2 make energy through photosynthesis ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.