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Regents Biology 2006-2007 Photosynthesis: Life from Light and Air Regents Biology 2006-2007 Plants are energy producers Like animals, plants need energy to live Unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy Plants make both food & energy animals are consumers plants are producers Regents Biology How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun to make ATP energy to make sugars glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars Regents Biology Building plants from sunlight & air Photosynthesis 2 separate processes energy building reactions sun collect sun energy use it to make ATP ATP sugar building reactions take the ATP energy collect CO2 from air & H2O from ground use all to build sugars carbon dioxide water + HO CO Regents Biology 2 2 H2O + CO2 sugars C6H12O6 sugars Using light & air to grow plants Photosynthesis using sun energy to make ATP using carbon dioxide & water to make sugar in chloroplast allows plants to grows makes a waste product oxygen (ATP) carbon sun + water + energy glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy Regents Biology What do plants need to grow? The “factory” for making energy & sugars sun chloroplast Fuels CO2 sunlight carbon dioxide water Make ATP! Make sugar! I can do it all… And no one even notices! The Helpers enzymes Regents Biology H2O ATP enzymes sugars Photosynthesis sun energy building reactions ATP ADP sugar building reactions CO2 Regents Biology sugar Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells Regents Biology Chloroplasts Leaf Leaf absorb sunlight & CO2 CO2 Chloroplasts in cell Chloroplast Regents Biology Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll make energy & sugar So what does a plant need? Bring In leaves CO2 H2O light Let Out O2 Move Around shoot roots sugars 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 Regents Biology energy Leaf Structure cuticle epidermis xylem (water) phloem (sugar) palisades layer spongy layer stomate Regents Biology guard cell Transpiration xylem (water) O2 H O 2 CO2 stomate gases in & out O2 Biology Regents water out H 2O CO2 guard cell Transpiration Water evaporates from the stomates in the leaves water molecules stick to each other more water is pulled up the tree Regents Biology Stomates Function of stomates CO2 in O2 out H2O out guard cell stomate Regents Biology Regents Biology Xylem carry water up from roots Regents Biology Phloem: food-conducting cells Regents Biology carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots Putting it all together Making a living… sunlight leaves = solar collectors photosynthesis gases: CO2 in & O2 out stomates = gases in & out H2O roots take in water from soil pulled up by leaf evaporation nutrients roots take in from soil Regents Biology How are they connected? Respiration glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Photosynthesis carbon sun + water + energy glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy Regents Biology Energy cycle sun Photosynthesis plants CO2 glucose H2O animals, plants Cellular Respiration The Great Circle of Life! Where’s Mufasa? Regents Biology ATP O2 The poetic perspective All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material air Regents Biology Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants… are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! sun Got the energy… Ask Questions!! Regents Biology 2006-2007 Energy needs of life All life needs a constant input of energy Animals = Heterotrophs get their energy from “eating others” eat food = other organisms = organic molecules make energy through respiration Plants = Autotrophs get their energy from “self” get their energy from sunlight build organic molecules (food) from CO2 make energy through photosynthesis Regents Biology How do plants live? Photosynthesis Energy building reactions collect sun energy make ATP Sugar building reactions use ATP for energy use CO2 as carbon for new sugars build sugars glucose, cellulose, starch build all other organic molecules proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA store energy for future use starch in seeds & roots Regents Biology Regents Biology Photosynthesis carbon + water + energy glucose + oxygen dioxide 6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy This is the equation you are used to seeing, but this is not the whole story… Regents Biology
