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Transcript
Cells & Cell Organelles Doing Life’s Work AP Biology 2009-2010 Cytology – Study of Cells Cell – Smallest unit of life that can carry out all functions of living things. Regents Biology Cell Size Small cells function more efficiently than large…. Why? Regents Biology Cell Size •Advantage of many small cells –exchange substances more readily - higher surface area-to-volume ratio •Substances do not need to travel as far to reach the center of a smaller cell. •Cell Races Activity Regents Biology Cell Size Regents Biology Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke- 1665 Looked at cork under microscope Coined the term “cells” Later, scientists would discover cells contain living matter Regents Biology Anton von Leeuwenhook – 1670’s Used glass lens to magnify Simple microscope with only 1 lens Regents Biology The Cell Theory Contributors 1. Matthias Schleiden – 1838 (botanist) All plants are made of cells 2. Theodor Schwann – 1839 (zoologist) All living things are made of cells Regents Biology The Cell Theory Contributors (cont.) 3. Rudolph Virchow – 1855 (physician) Cells come only from other cells (Biogenesis) Before this, spontaneous generation was the accepted idea Hey…Mice are always coming out of the hay! Regents Biology The Cell Theory States… 1. All living things are made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms 3. All cells arise from existing cells Regents Biology Other discoveries made using microscopes Louis Pasteur 1862. Microscopic organisms cause disease. Regents Biology Other discoveries made using microscopes Walter Fleming – 1882. First to see chromatin in nucleus and watch cell division. Q: Explain the statement- “The progress of biology often depends on advances of technology.” Regents Biology Types of Microscope 1. Compound Light Microscope – 2 lenses. (We use these in class)* - magnification up to 1000x 2. Electron microscopes – use beam of electron to map the specimen. Used since 1950s. -Magnification up to 1,000,000x -Specimen is fixed and vacuum sealed, must be dead Regents Biology Any Questions? Regents Biology