Citric Acid Cycle
... Isocitrate (C6) is split into succinate (C4) and glyoxylate (C2), preserving the two carbon atoms. Glyoxylate (C2)then reacts with acetyl CoA (C2) to form malate (C4) and subsequently oxaloacetate which can move on to glucose, leaving succinate to provide the carbon skeleton for continuation of the ...
... Isocitrate (C6) is split into succinate (C4) and glyoxylate (C2), preserving the two carbon atoms. Glyoxylate (C2)then reacts with acetyl CoA (C2) to form malate (C4) and subsequently oxaloacetate which can move on to glucose, leaving succinate to provide the carbon skeleton for continuation of the ...
Atom
... • What is the difference between a compound and a molecule? • A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. • Molecular hydrogen (H2), mol ...
... • What is the difference between a compound and a molecule? • A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. • Molecular hydrogen (H2), mol ...
Phytochemistry 1
... -Acetylenic compounds are basically alkyne compounds that have C-C triple bonds in their structures. -Polyacetylene term is often used interchangeably to describe this class of natural products, although they are not polymers and many precursors and metabolites contain only a single acetylenic bond. ...
... -Acetylenic compounds are basically alkyne compounds that have C-C triple bonds in their structures. -Polyacetylene term is often used interchangeably to describe this class of natural products, although they are not polymers and many precursors and metabolites contain only a single acetylenic bond. ...
From Gene to Protein
... rRNA= makes up 60% of the ribosome; site of protein synthesis snRNA=small nuclear RNA; part of a spliceosome. Has structural and catalytic roles srpRNA=a signal recognition particle that binds to signal peptides RNAi= interference RNA; a regulatory molecule ribozyme= RNA molecule that functions as a ...
... rRNA= makes up 60% of the ribosome; site of protein synthesis snRNA=small nuclear RNA; part of a spliceosome. Has structural and catalytic roles srpRNA=a signal recognition particle that binds to signal peptides RNAi= interference RNA; a regulatory molecule ribozyme= RNA molecule that functions as a ...
Anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of glucose
... enzyme lactase, which cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. Microorganisms in the colon ferment undigested lactose to lactic acid generating methane (CH4) and hydrogen gas (H2). The gas produced creates the uncomfortable feeling of gut distention and the annoying problem of flatulence. The lac ...
... enzyme lactase, which cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. Microorganisms in the colon ferment undigested lactose to lactic acid generating methane (CH4) and hydrogen gas (H2). The gas produced creates the uncomfortable feeling of gut distention and the annoying problem of flatulence. The lac ...
B vitamins
... Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is the precursor of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Niacin coenzymes degrade carbohydrates, fats, proteins and alcohols and synthesize fatty acids and cholesterol. They play a role in cell signaling and ...
... Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is the precursor of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Niacin coenzymes degrade carbohydrates, fats, proteins and alcohols and synthesize fatty acids and cholesterol. They play a role in cell signaling and ...
Glycolysis - Rose
... cells using anaerobic glycolysis grow faster than cells using the more energy efficient, but much slower, oxidation of pyruvate. The fact that some microorganisms perform primarily anaerobic glycolysis under some conditions is also of benefit to humans: the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide f ...
... cells using anaerobic glycolysis grow faster than cells using the more energy efficient, but much slower, oxidation of pyruvate. The fact that some microorganisms perform primarily anaerobic glycolysis under some conditions is also of benefit to humans: the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide f ...
DNA - Chemistry Courses
... • RNA directs biosynthesis of peptides and proteins which is catalyzed by mRNA in ribosomes, where mRNA acts as a template to pass on the genetic information transcribed from DNA • The ribonucleotide sequence in mRNA forms a message that determines the order in which different amino acid residues ar ...
... • RNA directs biosynthesis of peptides and proteins which is catalyzed by mRNA in ribosomes, where mRNA acts as a template to pass on the genetic information transcribed from DNA • The ribonucleotide sequence in mRNA forms a message that determines the order in which different amino acid residues ar ...
6. Respiration - WordPress.com
... 9. State that the link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 10. Outline the link reaction, with reference to decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetate and the reduction of NAD The link reaction converts pyruvate (produced during glycolysis) into acetate (a 2 carbon compound) by decarboxylat ...
... 9. State that the link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix 10. Outline the link reaction, with reference to decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetate and the reduction of NAD The link reaction converts pyruvate (produced during glycolysis) into acetate (a 2 carbon compound) by decarboxylat ...
File
... (autumn) high(est) mass birds have low(est) oxygen consumption; (spring) low(est) mass birds have high(est) oxygen consumption; data quote mass plus O2 consumption; only generate heat in proportion to (small) mass; but lose it in proportion to (large) surface area; homeothermic/small birds find it h ...
... (autumn) high(est) mass birds have low(est) oxygen consumption; (spring) low(est) mass birds have high(est) oxygen consumption; data quote mass plus O2 consumption; only generate heat in proportion to (small) mass; but lose it in proportion to (large) surface area; homeothermic/small birds find it h ...
2.3.3 Protein and amino acid metabolism
... amino acid. Yet, the role played by other amino acids should not be overlooked. Such amino acids as glycine, lysine, proline, threonine, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine and tyrosine are released by muscle and converted to glucose by the liver (Fig. 1). Although individually of less importance tha ...
... amino acid. Yet, the role played by other amino acids should not be overlooked. Such amino acids as glycine, lysine, proline, threonine, histidine, arginine, phenylalanine and tyrosine are released by muscle and converted to glucose by the liver (Fig. 1). Although individually of less importance tha ...
lesson_1_model3D_4
... Load the human protein CTNNB1 (Catenin beta-1) (P35222) Click on the 'Features' tab (bottom of the window) Double click on the feature lane titled “Modified residue” (posttranslational modification). This will highlight the residues in the structure. Then you can click on the residues to see their p ...
... Load the human protein CTNNB1 (Catenin beta-1) (P35222) Click on the 'Features' tab (bottom of the window) Double click on the feature lane titled “Modified residue” (posttranslational modification). This will highlight the residues in the structure. Then you can click on the residues to see their p ...
An operon encoding a novel ABC-type transport
... entirely, was introduced into B. mbtilis 168 and the mutant strain was grown in minimal media containing different amino acids as the sole nitrogen source no difference in the growth curves of the mutant strain with respect to the wild-type strain was observed. However these results do not rule out ...
... entirely, was introduced into B. mbtilis 168 and the mutant strain was grown in minimal media containing different amino acids as the sole nitrogen source no difference in the growth curves of the mutant strain with respect to the wild-type strain was observed. However these results do not rule out ...
Protein Synthesis - Workforce Solutions
... • This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of ...
... • This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of ...
1. Which organ excretes excess carbon dioxide from the blood? a
... a) Kidney stones form, blocking the flow of urine to the bladder. b) Bile forms and passes to the small intestine. c) The crystallized substances are too large to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream. d) The substances block filtration. 9. Which function below is LEAST likely to occur in the liver? a) ...
... a) Kidney stones form, blocking the flow of urine to the bladder. b) Bile forms and passes to the small intestine. c) The crystallized substances are too large to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream. d) The substances block filtration. 9. Which function below is LEAST likely to occur in the liver? a) ...
Cellular respiration
... – Muscles that are working hard enough to use up all the available oxygen ferment pyruvate to lactate – To regenerate NAD, muscle cells ferment pyruvate to lactate, using electrons from NADH and hydrogen ions – A variety of microorganisms use lactic acid fermentation, including the bacteria that co ...
... – Muscles that are working hard enough to use up all the available oxygen ferment pyruvate to lactate – To regenerate NAD, muscle cells ferment pyruvate to lactate, using electrons from NADH and hydrogen ions – A variety of microorganisms use lactic acid fermentation, including the bacteria that co ...
2 ATP - Loyola Blakefield
... Reactions to hydrolyze a 6-C glucose molecule into two 3-C molecules called pyruvate/pyruvic acid ...
... Reactions to hydrolyze a 6-C glucose molecule into two 3-C molecules called pyruvate/pyruvic acid ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e
... 47) A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis? A) the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem B) the hair produced ...
... 47) A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis? A) the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem B) the hair produced ...
Targeting the organism: present and future
... Convenient: orally bioavailable, once daily dosing Affordable: low cost of goods ...
... Convenient: orally bioavailable, once daily dosing Affordable: low cost of goods ...
Slide 1
... Lingual lipase -----acid stable Gastric lipase -----acid stable • These enzymes are most effective for short and medium chain fatty acids • Milk, egg yolk and fats containing short chain fatty acids are suitable substrates for its action • Play important role in lipid digestion in neonates ...
... Lingual lipase -----acid stable Gastric lipase -----acid stable • These enzymes are most effective for short and medium chain fatty acids • Milk, egg yolk and fats containing short chain fatty acids are suitable substrates for its action • Play important role in lipid digestion in neonates ...
GLOBAL WARMING - Agronomy Courses
... • Decreases the amount of time the cattle spend chewing • Decreases saliva flow and secretion of the buffer, sodium bicarbonate. • Allows rumen pH to decrease • Decreases growth of cellulolytic bacteria • Decreases production of acetic acid and methane • Increases production of propionic acid ...
... • Decreases the amount of time the cattle spend chewing • Decreases saliva flow and secretion of the buffer, sodium bicarbonate. • Allows rumen pH to decrease • Decreases growth of cellulolytic bacteria • Decreases production of acetic acid and methane • Increases production of propionic acid ...
LECT23 Enz1
... Polymers of amino acids Heat-sensitive Absorb light at 280 nm ENZYMES ARE CATALYSTS ...
... Polymers of amino acids Heat-sensitive Absorb light at 280 nm ENZYMES ARE CATALYSTS ...
In silico aided metaoblic engineering of Saccharomyces
... • Under anaerobic conditions, S. cerevisiae produces only four major products from glucose: • CO2, ethanol, biomass and glycerol ...
... • Under anaerobic conditions, S. cerevisiae produces only four major products from glucose: • CO2, ethanol, biomass and glycerol ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.