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Welcome to AP Chemistry! I am glad that you decided to take on the
Welcome to AP Chemistry! I am glad that you decided to take on the

... webpage under Pre-AP Skills for notes that will help you. If you have difficulty, you are more than welcome to call or email me at any point during the summer at the telephone number or email address below. If I am not at home, leave a message and I will happily return your call. You need to memoriz ...
Stretch Run - Finish Line Horse Products
Stretch Run - Finish Line Horse Products

... Unfortunately, during strenuous activity, the body uses ATP faster than it can replenish it, which increases stress on the horse. One study from a German university found that administering ribose to rats reduced the amount of time necessary for ATP recovery from 72 hours to 12. Vitamin B12, meanwhi ...
electron transport chain
electron transport chain

... The transfer of electrons from a high-energy molecule (the donor) to a lower-energy molecule (the acceptor) can be spatially separated into a series of intermediate redox reactions. This is an electron transport chain. Electron transport chains produce energy in the form of a transmembrane electroch ...
2017 Lecture 10, student version
2017 Lecture 10, student version

... - 1˚, 2˚, 3˚, 4˚ structure - fibrous proteins - globular proteins - purification/analysis techniques - enzyme kinetics - mechanisms of enzyme control ...
Proteins of extracellular matrix
Proteins of extracellular matrix

... 5. Secretion of procollagen molecules by exocytosis into the extracellular space. 6. Cleavage of registration peptides is catalysed by procollagen peptidases. The resulting molecule is called tropocollagen. 7. Oxidation – deamination of the hydroxylysine, the removal of (NH2) group has a net oxidat ...
forensic science
forensic science

...  Developing a print requires substances that interact with secretions that cause the print to stand out against its background. It may be necessary to attempt more than one technique, done in a particular order so as not to destroy the print.  Techniques  Powders—adhere to both water and fatty de ...
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Document

... Those proteins give us our looks. ...
P - GMC Surat
P - GMC Surat

...  Carbohydrate attached to serine or threonine hydroxyl groups (O-linked) or the amide nitrogen of asparagine (N-linked). ...
Example of Gene Mutation and Its Effect on a Body System
Example of Gene Mutation and Its Effect on a Body System

... body. It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce. It is an amazing highway that travels through your entire body connecting all your body cells. The circulatory System is divided into three major pa ...
Module Outline
Module Outline

... i) Explain how phospholipids can form lipid bilayer structures as a result of their hydrophobic and hydrophylic portions (p. 53, Fig. 2.14) j) Give examples of proteins and their functions (p. 55, Table 3.2) k) Recognize the backbone of an amino acid and show how a peptide bond is formed (pp. 56-57, ...
VCE Biology TSFX REVISION LECTURE UNIT 3 Part 1
VCE Biology TSFX REVISION LECTURE UNIT 3 Part 1

... and tertiary (overall chain shape) structures, and that those proteins made up of two or more polypeptide chains may be described by a quaternary structure. Students are expected to identify α-helices and β-pleated sheets as being the most common secondary structures. They are expected to understand ...
Genes and DNA2012
Genes and DNA2012

... nucleotides are added to each side of the ladder “see diagram next slide” ...
Protein quantification and detection methods
Protein quantification and detection methods

... Lifetime, nanoseconds; wavelength, nanometers ...
Document
Document

... very few proteins! (a few dozen) Instead, most genes from prokaryotic ancestor have been transferred to the nucleus, so proteins must be imported ...
Cells
Cells

... that are specialized • Nucleus – organelle that contains the genetic code (DNA) • Organ – a group of tissues that function together • Organelle – a structure found in eukaryotic cells that performs a specific function; surrounded by a membrane • Organ system – a group of organs that function togethe ...
fatty acids synthesis
fatty acids synthesis

... the endoblasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria. These organelles use separate enzymic processes. The brain has additional elongation capabilities, allowing it to produce the very-long-chain fatty acids (up to 24 carbons) that are required for synthesis of brain lipids. Desaturations of fatty ac ...
Why Are McDonalds ingredients fake
Why Are McDonalds ingredients fake

... processed product and they took different amounts. The amount an average person needs is 1 gram per 100 pounds of body weight (for instance if you weighed 200 pounds the minimum amount of protein you would need to take in would be about 2 grams of protein for muscle growth. Any additional protein th ...
1. You have just finished fermenting a wine and the pH = 3.7. You
1. You have just finished fermenting a wine and the pH = 3.7. You

... 1. You have just finished fermenting a wine and the pH = 3.7. You need 2 mg/L “molecular” SO2 to protect the wine. What level of free SO2 do you have to add to achieve the level of the molecular form desired? You can ignore the sulfite (SO3) form at this pH as the levels will be negligible. Perform ...
13422_lecture-15-16-week-8-reading-comprehension
13422_lecture-15-16-week-8-reading-comprehension

GLYCOLYSIS UP - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
GLYCOLYSIS UP - Hudson City Schools / Homepage

... intermembrane space pass through the ATP synthase, it moves and causes the P to join ADP to form ATP ...
Chemistry Notes
Chemistry Notes

... The mole interpretation is the more practical interpretation because we can not see single molecules and atoms for everyday work. So how many moles of carbon is in C12H22O11 (table sugar)? Write the answer in your notes. ...
Genview and Gencode: a pair of programs to test theories of genetic
Genview and Gencode: a pair of programs to test theories of genetic

... the ‘universal’ genetic code and all naturally occurring variants only encode the canonical 20 amino acids. Two kinds of similarity measures can be used to test the deleterious impact of genetic errors. The first type is based on experimentally-determined physiochemical properties like polarity, siz ...
Cellular Respiration 2016
Cellular Respiration 2016

... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
Cellular Respiration Breathe in… breathe out… or not!
Cellular Respiration Breathe in… breathe out… or not!

... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
Teacher-submitted assessment ideas
Teacher-submitted assessment ideas

... 4. Let’s think more about the two drawings you just created: How is it possible that mutations in certain locations within PTC gene (nucleotide positions 145, 785 and 886) affect tasting the PTC molecule but mutations in other regions of the PTC gene might not affect tasting PTC? You may answer this ...
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Biochemistry



Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.
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