Students know
... C. Gas molecules move faster when heated and this causes them to move out of the solution so they don’t dissolve. D. Gas molecules are lower in energy than water, therefore when the gas molecules are heated they have an increase in their total enthalpy of dissolution which requires an increase in th ...
... C. Gas molecules move faster when heated and this causes them to move out of the solution so they don’t dissolve. D. Gas molecules are lower in energy than water, therefore when the gas molecules are heated they have an increase in their total enthalpy of dissolution which requires an increase in th ...
the genetic code - Blue Valley Schools
... 2. How does Crick distinguish between the more general and specific aspects of the coding problem? 3. What organism was used by Crick and colleagues to study the general aspect of the coding problem? Describe the RII locus of this organisms genome. 4. How did creating “recombinant bacteria” help the ...
... 2. How does Crick distinguish between the more general and specific aspects of the coding problem? 3. What organism was used by Crick and colleagues to study the general aspect of the coding problem? Describe the RII locus of this organisms genome. 4. How did creating “recombinant bacteria” help the ...
Classification of Cell Membrane Proteins
... {i=1:36} that is defined by converting the sequence into its equivalent 6-letter exchange group representation [15], (which was derived from the PAM matrix) where e1∈{H, R, K}, e2∈{D, E, N, Q}, e3∈{C}, e4∈{S, T, P, A, G}, e5∈{M, I, L, V}, and e6∈{F, Y, W}. The exchange groups are broader classes of ...
... {i=1:36} that is defined by converting the sequence into its equivalent 6-letter exchange group representation [15], (which was derived from the PAM matrix) where e1∈{H, R, K}, e2∈{D, E, N, Q}, e3∈{C}, e4∈{S, T, P, A, G}, e5∈{M, I, L, V}, and e6∈{F, Y, W}. The exchange groups are broader classes of ...
biology_knowledge_survey.v2 - the Biology Scholars Program
... 48. Why is the polar head group of a phospholipid attracted to water, while the fatty acid tails are not? 49. Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats. 50. Describe the structure of cholesterol. 51. Why is cholesterol classified as a lipid? 52. What is an enzyme? 53. What is the basic str ...
... 48. Why is the polar head group of a phospholipid attracted to water, while the fatty acid tails are not? 49. Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats. 50. Describe the structure of cholesterol. 51. Why is cholesterol classified as a lipid? 52. What is an enzyme? 53. What is the basic str ...
9.1-10.5 Organic Chemistry
... 1) Define organic compounds as compounds containing carbon, recognizing inorganic exceptions such as carbonates, cyanides and carbides 2) Identify and describe significant organic compounds in daily life, demonstrating generalized knowledge of their origins and applications 3) STS: Demonstrate an un ...
... 1) Define organic compounds as compounds containing carbon, recognizing inorganic exceptions such as carbonates, cyanides and carbides 2) Identify and describe significant organic compounds in daily life, demonstrating generalized knowledge of their origins and applications 3) STS: Demonstrate an un ...
Biology 4A Exam 2 Study Guide The exam will consist of multiple
... index to help define terms and find subjects. Good Luck!!! Although I’ve try to include everything on this list, this is by all means not everything on the exam. There may have been a few omissions, if so, please let me know and I'll include them as you could be tested on the stuff that's omitted. I ...
... index to help define terms and find subjects. Good Luck!!! Although I’ve try to include everything on this list, this is by all means not everything on the exam. There may have been a few omissions, if so, please let me know and I'll include them as you could be tested on the stuff that's omitted. I ...
John Ferguson MacDonald
... glutamate receptors by Src or Fyn tyrosine kinases. His interest in glutamate led John to examine mechanisms related to glutamate’s potentially noxious action: excessive depolarization and Ca2+ influx via NMDARs result in the death of nerve cells, for example following brain ischemia, when large amo ...
... glutamate receptors by Src or Fyn tyrosine kinases. His interest in glutamate led John to examine mechanisms related to glutamate’s potentially noxious action: excessive depolarization and Ca2+ influx via NMDARs result in the death of nerve cells, for example following brain ischemia, when large amo ...
Proteins and Their Synthesis
... acid, the next triplet could only be one of four. For example, if the first is GGG, ...
... acid, the next triplet could only be one of four. For example, if the first is GGG, ...
Module Outline
... i) Explain how phospholipids can form lipid bilayer structures as a result of their hydrophobic and hydrophylic portions (p. 53, Fig. 2.14) j) Give examples of proteins and their functions (p. 55, Table 3.2) k) Recognize the backbone of an amino acid and show how a peptide bond is formed (pp. 56-57, ...
... i) Explain how phospholipids can form lipid bilayer structures as a result of their hydrophobic and hydrophylic portions (p. 53, Fig. 2.14) j) Give examples of proteins and their functions (p. 55, Table 3.2) k) Recognize the backbone of an amino acid and show how a peptide bond is formed (pp. 56-57, ...
Enzymes and Metabolism Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions
... • All chemical reactions must involve a loss in free energy • Change in free energy during a chemical reaction depends upon… 1. Particular energetic properties of the reactant(s) vs. that of the product(s) 2. The concentration of the reactants(s) relative to that of the product(s) ...
... • All chemical reactions must involve a loss in free energy • Change in free energy during a chemical reaction depends upon… 1. Particular energetic properties of the reactant(s) vs. that of the product(s) 2. The concentration of the reactants(s) relative to that of the product(s) ...
1 Determinants of protein-protein interfaces
... intermolecular hydrogen bonds and salt bridges being the whole story. However, three of the 54 high-resolution structures studied in [29] have no hydrogen bonds or salt bridges, and another dozen have no salt bridges and five or fewer hydrogen bonds. Thus, we will delve deeper to see what other fact ...
... intermolecular hydrogen bonds and salt bridges being the whole story. However, three of the 54 high-resolution structures studied in [29] have no hydrogen bonds or salt bridges, and another dozen have no salt bridges and five or fewer hydrogen bonds. Thus, we will delve deeper to see what other fact ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... each glucose molecule is broken down via pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen, and yields 38 molecules of ATP; the breakdown of each glucose molecule via the fermentation pathway yields two molecules of ATP when oxygen is not present; in the absence of oxygen in animal cell ...
... each glucose molecule is broken down via pyruvate to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen, and yields 38 molecules of ATP; the breakdown of each glucose molecule via the fermentation pathway yields two molecules of ATP when oxygen is not present; in the absence of oxygen in animal cell ...
DNA- The Molecule of Life
... thymine. (G with C, C with G, T with A and A with U). 5. Only one strand of DNA acts as a template. The other just “hangs out” until the process is over. 6. Enzymes separate the mRNA from the DNA template and the mRNA enters the cytoplasm and goes to a ...
... thymine. (G with C, C with G, T with A and A with U). 5. Only one strand of DNA acts as a template. The other just “hangs out” until the process is over. 6. Enzymes separate the mRNA from the DNA template and the mRNA enters the cytoplasm and goes to a ...
Chapter 15 The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... Acyl-CoA is transported to the space between outer mitochondrial membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane(It can not pass through the mitochondrial membrane) and pass through the inner mitochodrial membrane via formation of acyl-carnitine. The acyl-carnitine becomes acyl-CoA inside mitochodria, whi ...
... Acyl-CoA is transported to the space between outer mitochondrial membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane(It can not pass through the mitochondrial membrane) and pass through the inner mitochodrial membrane via formation of acyl-carnitine. The acyl-carnitine becomes acyl-CoA inside mitochodria, whi ...
Nutrients and Diet
... VITAMINS are complex organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal health & growth. Many are co-enzymes (i.e. needed for enzymes to work). Vitamin A,D,E,K are fat-soluble. Vitamin B & C are water- soluble. Made in plants, bacteria and fungi, but not animals (except vitamin D - synthesised thr ...
... VITAMINS are complex organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal health & growth. Many are co-enzymes (i.e. needed for enzymes to work). Vitamin A,D,E,K are fat-soluble. Vitamin B & C are water- soluble. Made in plants, bacteria and fungi, but not animals (except vitamin D - synthesised thr ...
Urea cycle
... Urea also plays a very important role in protein catabolism, removal of toxic ammonia from the body. Urea determination is very useful for the medical clinician to assess kidney and other organs function of patients. ...
... Urea also plays a very important role in protein catabolism, removal of toxic ammonia from the body. Urea determination is very useful for the medical clinician to assess kidney and other organs function of patients. ...
Carnosine: can understanding its actions on energy metabolism and
... ATP-consuming cycle since the ATP-utilizing enzyme phosphofructokinase converts fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Figure 2). This cycle would decrease ATP levels and ATP synthesis as well as decreasing the supply of carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis. While this hypothesis ...
... ATP-consuming cycle since the ATP-utilizing enzyme phosphofructokinase converts fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Figure 2). This cycle would decrease ATP levels and ATP synthesis as well as decreasing the supply of carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis. While this hypothesis ...
ch 6 group review
... 11) Vitamin A is found only in animal foods, but vegetarians can meet their needs by consuming its precursor, beta-carotene. Page Ref: 211 12) A typical healthy adult is normally in a state of positive nitrogen balance. Page Ref: 195 13) The absorption of zinc is inhibited by animal protein. Page Re ...
... 11) Vitamin A is found only in animal foods, but vegetarians can meet their needs by consuming its precursor, beta-carotene. Page Ref: 211 12) A typical healthy adult is normally in a state of positive nitrogen balance. Page Ref: 195 13) The absorption of zinc is inhibited by animal protein. Page Re ...
ENERGY SYSTEMS
... The aerobic system is so versatile in fuel usage (remember it can use carbohydrate, fat and even protein to produce energy), it is not a lack of fuel but other factors that contribute to fatigue while this system predominates. During endurance work, slow-twitch muscle fibres will do most of the work ...
... The aerobic system is so versatile in fuel usage (remember it can use carbohydrate, fat and even protein to produce energy), it is not a lack of fuel but other factors that contribute to fatigue while this system predominates. During endurance work, slow-twitch muscle fibres will do most of the work ...
Glycolysis
... Binding of glucose to Hexokinase promotes a large conformational change by stabilizing an alternative conformation in which: the C6 hydroxyl of the bound glucose is close to the terminal phosphate of ATP, promoting catalysis. water is excluded from the active site. This prevents the enzyme from ...
... Binding of glucose to Hexokinase promotes a large conformational change by stabilizing an alternative conformation in which: the C6 hydroxyl of the bound glucose is close to the terminal phosphate of ATP, promoting catalysis. water is excluded from the active site. This prevents the enzyme from ...
Re-typed from The Ultimate Chemical Equations Handbook by
... broken, atoms are rearranged, and new bonds are formed. Every chemical reaction supports the Law of conservation of Matter. This means that in every reaction, the number of atoms of each type of element contained within the reactants must be the same as the number of atoms of each type of element co ...
... broken, atoms are rearranged, and new bonds are formed. Every chemical reaction supports the Law of conservation of Matter. This means that in every reaction, the number of atoms of each type of element contained within the reactants must be the same as the number of atoms of each type of element co ...
L12 - flat - Biology Courses Server
... 3 Key steps: 1. Entry of aminoacyl-tRNA 2. Formation of a peptide bond 3. Translocation - movement of ribosome with respect to the mRNA 3 tRNA binding sites: A, P, E A site = Aminoacyl site, accepts new tRNA P site = Peptidyl site, tRNA with growing polypeptide chain E site = Exit site, release of u ...
... 3 Key steps: 1. Entry of aminoacyl-tRNA 2. Formation of a peptide bond 3. Translocation - movement of ribosome with respect to the mRNA 3 tRNA binding sites: A, P, E A site = Aminoacyl site, accepts new tRNA P site = Peptidyl site, tRNA with growing polypeptide chain E site = Exit site, release of u ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.