Energetics
... Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operates under anaerobic conditions. ...
... Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operates under anaerobic conditions. ...
DNA Transcription & Protein Translation
... 1. To explain how DNA and RNA code for proteins and determine traits. 2. To investigate and understand common mechanisms of protein synthesis. ...
... 1. To explain how DNA and RNA code for proteins and determine traits. 2. To investigate and understand common mechanisms of protein synthesis. ...
Chapter 27-28 - Bakersfield College
... - Pyruvate is reduced to lactate. - Accumulation of lactate causes the muscles to tire and sore. - Then we breathe rapidly to repay the O2. - Most lactate is transported to liver to convert back into pyruvate. ...
... - Pyruvate is reduced to lactate. - Accumulation of lactate causes the muscles to tire and sore. - Then we breathe rapidly to repay the O2. - Most lactate is transported to liver to convert back into pyruvate. ...
Answer the following short questions Q 1
... DNA is the information storage mRNA is the information carrier Protein is the information product The monomeric units of nucleic acids are nucleotide Nucleosides contain monosaccharide, D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose, linked to N-1 of pyrimidine or N-9 of purines, by a o-glycosidic linkage Each nucleo ...
... DNA is the information storage mRNA is the information carrier Protein is the information product The monomeric units of nucleic acids are nucleotide Nucleosides contain monosaccharide, D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose, linked to N-1 of pyrimidine or N-9 of purines, by a o-glycosidic linkage Each nucleo ...
Intro to Metabolism
... g. Nitrate is a “dead molecule” to us because there are no biochemical means to use it h. Luckily plants are capable of converting nitrate back into ammonia i. We as humans end up on the sidewalk of the cycle because our source of nitrogen is obtained from eating molecules produced by plants Relatio ...
... g. Nitrate is a “dead molecule” to us because there are no biochemical means to use it h. Luckily plants are capable of converting nitrate back into ammonia i. We as humans end up on the sidewalk of the cycle because our source of nitrogen is obtained from eating molecules produced by plants Relatio ...
DNA & THE GENETIC CODE (protein synthesis)
... triplet message on mRNA. • Each codon, 3 bases, has a natural complementary sequence of 3 bases, called the anticodon. • This set of 3 bases is attached to a specific tRNA molecule that carries and transfers a specific amino acid. • The specific amino acid is determined by the sequence of the triple ...
... triplet message on mRNA. • Each codon, 3 bases, has a natural complementary sequence of 3 bases, called the anticodon. • This set of 3 bases is attached to a specific tRNA molecule that carries and transfers a specific amino acid. • The specific amino acid is determined by the sequence of the triple ...
Cellular Respiration 2
... Hydrogen gradient needs to reach equilibrium – H+ can only pass through ATP synthase molecule ...
... Hydrogen gradient needs to reach equilibrium – H+ can only pass through ATP synthase molecule ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Types of
... y Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme with receptor sites for specific inhibitors and activators: y Inhibited by ATP y Stimulated by AMP y Also sensitive to citrate (1st product Citric Acid Cycle) ...
... y Phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme with receptor sites for specific inhibitors and activators: y Inhibited by ATP y Stimulated by AMP y Also sensitive to citrate (1st product Citric Acid Cycle) ...
ATP - Mhanafi123`s Blog
... NAD+ is the target product. Lactate is the by product. Lactate is one of the substrate of gluconeogenesis, will be taken up by the liver and changed into glucose. ...
... NAD+ is the target product. Lactate is the by product. Lactate is one of the substrate of gluconeogenesis, will be taken up by the liver and changed into glucose. ...
C h e m g u i d e ... ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: SIMPLE ADDITION REACTIONS
... 1. Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions involving hydrogen cyanide in which H and CN add on across the carbon-oxygen double bond. a) Why isn’t hydrogen cyanide itself normally used in these reactions? b) Give a mixture which can be used instead of starting with hydrogen cyanide itself. c ...
... 1. Aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions involving hydrogen cyanide in which H and CN add on across the carbon-oxygen double bond. a) Why isn’t hydrogen cyanide itself normally used in these reactions? b) Give a mixture which can be used instead of starting with hydrogen cyanide itself. c ...
UNIT 3 * Macromolecules and enzymes
... 10. Enzymes ________________ the activation energy of a chemical reaction. a. This makes the reaction occur more _________________ and ________________. 11. Enzymes are _______________________ protein molecules based on ______________. ...
... 10. Enzymes ________________ the activation energy of a chemical reaction. a. This makes the reaction occur more _________________ and ________________. 11. Enzymes are _______________________ protein molecules based on ______________. ...
Document
... Covalent bonds are formed by the atoms of molecules sharing one, two, or three pairs of their valence electrons. Covalent bonds are the most common and strongest chemical bonds in the body. Single, double, or triple covalent bonds are formed by sharing one, two, or three pairs of electrons, resp ...
... Covalent bonds are formed by the atoms of molecules sharing one, two, or three pairs of their valence electrons. Covalent bonds are the most common and strongest chemical bonds in the body. Single, double, or triple covalent bonds are formed by sharing one, two, or three pairs of electrons, resp ...
Biochemical Pathways – Legends General Remarks for
... 32) The yeast system is shown here. The central SH group is written at the bottom, the marginal SH group at the top. In animals and in E. coli, the enzyme, E(SH)2, is replaced by acyl carrier protein, ACP. 33) Examples are GSH-homocystine transhydrogenase and protein disulfide reductase. 34) Reducti ...
... 32) The yeast system is shown here. The central SH group is written at the bottom, the marginal SH group at the top. In animals and in E. coli, the enzyme, E(SH)2, is replaced by acyl carrier protein, ACP. 33) Examples are GSH-homocystine transhydrogenase and protein disulfide reductase. 34) Reducti ...
BIO 315 Exam I (F2014)
... 1) Use the word bank to fill in the blanks in the description of the steps in an action potential.(17 pts) The Na+/K+ATPase uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ it moves in across the post-synaptic membrane, establishing a charge gradient and a concentration gradient f ...
... 1) Use the word bank to fill in the blanks in the description of the steps in an action potential.(17 pts) The Na+/K+ATPase uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ it moves in across the post-synaptic membrane, establishing a charge gradient and a concentration gradient f ...
Biosynthesis of Plant-derived flavor compounds
... wine its tartness, and sugars give it sweetness. Terpenes provide floral or fruity flavors. Norisoprenoids impart a honeylike character. Thiols are the sulfur-based compounds behind complex wine aromas such as guava, passionfruit or grapefruit — but when thiols go wrong, they can make a wine taste " ...
... wine its tartness, and sugars give it sweetness. Terpenes provide floral or fruity flavors. Norisoprenoids impart a honeylike character. Thiols are the sulfur-based compounds behind complex wine aromas such as guava, passionfruit or grapefruit — but when thiols go wrong, they can make a wine taste " ...
Lecture 02 - Natural products & biosynthesis, web
... disrupts normal cellular function - Natural products are the basis for a big % of pharmaceutical drugs currently on the market ...
... disrupts normal cellular function - Natural products are the basis for a big % of pharmaceutical drugs currently on the market ...
Background - WordPress.com
... In addition to buffering the medium, there are other growth requirements including amino acids, the requirement for which may vary with cell culture type. Commonly the necessary amino acids include cysteine and tyrosine, but some non-essential amino acids may be needed. Glutamine is also required by ...
... In addition to buffering the medium, there are other growth requirements including amino acids, the requirement for which may vary with cell culture type. Commonly the necessary amino acids include cysteine and tyrosine, but some non-essential amino acids may be needed. Glutamine is also required by ...
Document
... The bonds stabilizing tertiary structure of protein are; Ionic bond Disulfide bond (－S－S－) Hydrogen bond Van der Waals force ④Quaternary More than 2 polypeptide chains (subunits). Simple protein; composed of only amino acids Complex protein; not only amino acids. → prosthetic group ...
... The bonds stabilizing tertiary structure of protein are; Ionic bond Disulfide bond (－S－S－) Hydrogen bond Van der Waals force ④Quaternary More than 2 polypeptide chains (subunits). Simple protein; composed of only amino acids Complex protein; not only amino acids. → prosthetic group ...
Pyruvic acid is chemically groomed for the Krebs cycle
... are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Protein structure and Function
... attachment of structure such as phosphate group or an important component of active site of many enzymes. Asparagine and glutamine: Each contain carbonyle group and amide group can participate in hydrogen bond. Moreover it can serve as asite of attachment of oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins. ...
... attachment of structure such as phosphate group or an important component of active site of many enzymes. Asparagine and glutamine: Each contain carbonyle group and amide group can participate in hydrogen bond. Moreover it can serve as asite of attachment of oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins. ...
Final Exam Review!! - Iowa State University
... 2. What type of bond exists between sodium and chlorine in the salt NaCl? a. Nonpolar covalent b. Polar covalent c. Ionic d. Hydrogen 3. In order to convert a polymeric carbohydrate into its smaller monomers, you must break a. Hydrogen bonds b. Peptide bonds c. Phosphodiester bonds d. Glycosidic bon ...
... 2. What type of bond exists between sodium and chlorine in the salt NaCl? a. Nonpolar covalent b. Polar covalent c. Ionic d. Hydrogen 3. In order to convert a polymeric carbohydrate into its smaller monomers, you must break a. Hydrogen bonds b. Peptide bonds c. Phosphodiester bonds d. Glycosidic bon ...
glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids
... protein that must be degraded to support gluconeogenesis. There is no "energystorage form" for protein because each protein has a specific function in the cell. Therefore, the shift from using glucose to ketones during starvation spares protein, which is essential for these other functions. Red bloo ...
... protein that must be degraded to support gluconeogenesis. There is no "energystorage form" for protein because each protein has a specific function in the cell. Therefore, the shift from using glucose to ketones during starvation spares protein, which is essential for these other functions. Red bloo ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.