The Kreb`s Cycle
... Yeast + grape juice (sugars) Ethanol produced Stops at 12%, point at which yeast die ...
... Yeast + grape juice (sugars) Ethanol produced Stops at 12%, point at which yeast die ...
Plant Processes and Factors That Affect Them
... photosynthesis Sugar and oxygen are broken down, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Respiration ...
... photosynthesis Sugar and oxygen are broken down, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Respiration ...
Amino Acids in Rumen Escape Protein
... ruminal populations of microorganisms. If ruminal microorganisms, particularly bacteria, become nitrogen deficient then their growth and fermentative activity can be restricted leading to reduced digestion of structural carbohydrates and declining levels of feed intake. These microorganisms, which d ...
... ruminal populations of microorganisms. If ruminal microorganisms, particularly bacteria, become nitrogen deficient then their growth and fermentative activity can be restricted leading to reduced digestion of structural carbohydrates and declining levels of feed intake. These microorganisms, which d ...
Cellular Respiration
... energy (heat and ATP) Controlled release of energy from organic molecules (most often glucose) Glucose is oxidized (loses e-) & oxygen is reduced (gains e-) The carbon atoms of glucose (C6H12O6) are released as CO2 ...
... energy (heat and ATP) Controlled release of energy from organic molecules (most often glucose) Glucose is oxidized (loses e-) & oxygen is reduced (gains e-) The carbon atoms of glucose (C6H12O6) are released as CO2 ...
Artificial Insemination In Swine
... essential to the animal and must be supplied in the diet because the animal body can’t synthesize them or do so at a fast enough rate to meet its requirement. 2. Non-essential amino acids – those amino acids which are essential to the animal but are normally synthesized or present in sufficient quan ...
... essential to the animal and must be supplied in the diet because the animal body can’t synthesize them or do so at a fast enough rate to meet its requirement. 2. Non-essential amino acids – those amino acids which are essential to the animal but are normally synthesized or present in sufficient quan ...
Chapter 5 Notes (Biomolecules)
... Warm-Up: Organic Molecules Review • List the 4 types of organic molecules • Monomers of carbohydrates? • Two main functions of carbohydrates? • Examples of Carbohydrates? ...
... Warm-Up: Organic Molecules Review • List the 4 types of organic molecules • Monomers of carbohydrates? • Two main functions of carbohydrates? • Examples of Carbohydrates? ...
AP Midterm Review 09-10
... 37) The most likely explanation for the high rate of sympatric speciation that apparently existed among the cichlids of Lake Victoria in the past is A) sexual selection. B) introduction of a new predator. C) pollution. D) habitat differentiation. E) polyploidy. 38) Which of the following is the corr ...
... 37) The most likely explanation for the high rate of sympatric speciation that apparently existed among the cichlids of Lake Victoria in the past is A) sexual selection. B) introduction of a new predator. C) pollution. D) habitat differentiation. E) polyploidy. 38) Which of the following is the corr ...
transcription_ translation and protein synthesis REGULAR
... An mRNA molecule has to be “edited” because there’s a lot of unnecessary information that needs to be removed. An mRNA sequence that does NOT code for protein is called an intron. A sequence that is useful in making a protein is called an exon. ...
... An mRNA molecule has to be “edited” because there’s a lot of unnecessary information that needs to be removed. An mRNA sequence that does NOT code for protein is called an intron. A sequence that is useful in making a protein is called an exon. ...
gluconeogenesis
... Covalent and allosteric regulation of glycogen phosphorylase in muscle. (a) The enzyme has two identical subunits, each of which can be phosphorylated by phosphorylase b kinase at Ser14 to give phosphorylase a, a reaction promoted by Ca2+. Phosphorylase a phosphatase, also called phosphoprotein phos ...
... Covalent and allosteric regulation of glycogen phosphorylase in muscle. (a) The enzyme has two identical subunits, each of which can be phosphorylated by phosphorylase b kinase at Ser14 to give phosphorylase a, a reaction promoted by Ca2+. Phosphorylase a phosphatase, also called phosphoprotein phos ...
Exam 2 Review Sheet
... 24. Explain how artificial sweeteners can actually be sweeter than glucose (section 3.6). 25. Compare and contrast the three polysaccharides discussed in class (Figure 3.7). Include their structures, why they have the same or different structures, where they are found in the world, their functions i ...
... 24. Explain how artificial sweeteners can actually be sweeter than glucose (section 3.6). 25. Compare and contrast the three polysaccharides discussed in class (Figure 3.7). Include their structures, why they have the same or different structures, where they are found in the world, their functions i ...
Intracellular Respiration
... (usually pulled by electronegative oxygen) a. in respiration Glucose is oxidized, releasing energy b. Oxygen, in turn, is reduced 2.reduction the addition of electrons 3. hydrocarbons, and molecules that have a lot of Hydrogen(sugars, fats) are sources of electrons that can be pulled by Oxygen ...
... (usually pulled by electronegative oxygen) a. in respiration Glucose is oxidized, releasing energy b. Oxygen, in turn, is reduced 2.reduction the addition of electrons 3. hydrocarbons, and molecules that have a lot of Hydrogen(sugars, fats) are sources of electrons that can be pulled by Oxygen ...
Pathology Ketone bodies are created at moderate
... also be converted to glucose in a process called gluconeogensis. Fat when digested is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Glycerol can be converted to glucose. Fatty acids can be used by the body or be converted to ketones. In addition to food, the body has reserves of fuel in the liver calle ...
... also be converted to glucose in a process called gluconeogensis. Fat when digested is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Glycerol can be converted to glucose. Fatty acids can be used by the body or be converted to ketones. In addition to food, the body has reserves of fuel in the liver calle ...
0495116572_102921
... – Steroisomerism • Chiral carbon - have 4 different atoms or groups attached to them • Stereoisomers - have 2 or more chiral carbon atoms with same 4 groups attached but are not mirror images of each other ...
... – Steroisomerism • Chiral carbon - have 4 different atoms or groups attached to them • Stereoisomers - have 2 or more chiral carbon atoms with same 4 groups attached but are not mirror images of each other ...
primary structure
... Phospholipids are structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells – For example, they are a major part of cell membranes, in which they cluster into a bilayer of phospholipids – The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of ...
... Phospholipids are structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells – For example, they are a major part of cell membranes, in which they cluster into a bilayer of phospholipids – The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of ...
Unit 2 - Calderglen High School
... (c) Aldehydes can also be formed by the reaction of some alcohols with copper(II) oxide. Name the type of alcohol that would react with copper(II) oxide to form an aldehyde. ...
... (c) Aldehydes can also be formed by the reaction of some alcohols with copper(II) oxide. Name the type of alcohol that would react with copper(II) oxide to form an aldehyde. ...
Lecture 1
... transcribed (copied) to a molecule of messenger RNA in a process similar to DNA replication. The mRNA molecules then leave the cell nucleus and enter the cytoplasm, where triplets of (codons) forming the genetic code specify the particular amino acids that make up an ( bases individual protein. This ...
... transcribed (copied) to a molecule of messenger RNA in a process similar to DNA replication. The mRNA molecules then leave the cell nucleus and enter the cytoplasm, where triplets of (codons) forming the genetic code specify the particular amino acids that make up an ( bases individual protein. This ...
LECTURE 5: DNA, RNA & PROTEINS
... • Amino acids are the repeating sub-units of protein molecules. • Amino acid order determines the protein • ____ amino acids exist in all life forms • ______of amino acids is important, determines the 3-dimensional shape of the molecule. • Structure of the protein determines its ______ ...
... • Amino acids are the repeating sub-units of protein molecules. • Amino acid order determines the protein • ____ amino acids exist in all life forms • ______of amino acids is important, determines the 3-dimensional shape of the molecule. • Structure of the protein determines its ______ ...
Cellular respiration
... 3. The stomata allows water into the leaves. 4. The guard cells open and close the stomata at the most opportune times of day for the plant. 5. Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis. ...
... 3. The stomata allows water into the leaves. 4. The guard cells open and close the stomata at the most opportune times of day for the plant. 5. Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis. ...
Genetics
... What's the center of heredity in a cell? In eukaryotic organisms it is the nucleus, in prokaryotes it is the nucleoid region. What is the genetic material? In eukaryotes & prokaryotes it is DNA, in viruses it can be either DNA or RNA. What do DNA & RNA stand for? DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid / RNA: ri ...
... What's the center of heredity in a cell? In eukaryotic organisms it is the nucleus, in prokaryotes it is the nucleoid region. What is the genetic material? In eukaryotes & prokaryotes it is DNA, in viruses it can be either DNA or RNA. What do DNA & RNA stand for? DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid / RNA: ri ...
Notes on Biopolymers
... each other (find the lowest energy way of arranging themselves structurally) • quaternary structure—when neighboring peptides or proteins stack together, as is seen above when the four peptide units in hemoglobin arrange around each other. ...
... each other (find the lowest energy way of arranging themselves structurally) • quaternary structure—when neighboring peptides or proteins stack together, as is seen above when the four peptide units in hemoglobin arrange around each other. ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.