BS3050 Physiology of Sport and Exercise
... lactate and H+ ions which accumulate in the cytoplasm. Lactate cannot be utilised quickly enough by the muscle mitochondria and hence it accumulates but it is the fall in pH in the muscle cytoplasm (rather than lactate accumulation per se) which decreases the efficiency of contraction of muscle. Thi ...
... lactate and H+ ions which accumulate in the cytoplasm. Lactate cannot be utilised quickly enough by the muscle mitochondria and hence it accumulates but it is the fall in pH in the muscle cytoplasm (rather than lactate accumulation per se) which decreases the efficiency of contraction of muscle. Thi ...
Poster - Center for BioMolecular Modeling
... Smooth muscle surrounds all hollow organs in the body, including blood vessels, airways, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts. By understanding the processes and functions of smooth muscle myosin, scientists may be able to grasp its role in smooth muscle diseases. For example aortic coarctatio ...
... Smooth muscle surrounds all hollow organs in the body, including blood vessels, airways, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts. By understanding the processes and functions of smooth muscle myosin, scientists may be able to grasp its role in smooth muscle diseases. For example aortic coarctatio ...
Defining the anabolic window of opportunity
... be emphasized that these results were noted in elderly, albeit healthy, volunteers and may not apply to younger weight lifters. Other longitudinal training studies may be used to provide support for the notion that optimal muscle and strength gains stem from ingestion of protein within close proximi ...
... be emphasized that these results were noted in elderly, albeit healthy, volunteers and may not apply to younger weight lifters. Other longitudinal training studies may be used to provide support for the notion that optimal muscle and strength gains stem from ingestion of protein within close proximi ...
Energy metabolism in the mantle muscle of the squid
... Squid are fast swimming predators that use a jet propulsion mode of locomotion in which water is shot out of the mantle cavity by strong contractions of the mantle muscle (Young, 1975). The mantle muscle supports two kinds of work: slow swimming and respiratory movements, and the rapid bursts of spe ...
... Squid are fast swimming predators that use a jet propulsion mode of locomotion in which water is shot out of the mantle cavity by strong contractions of the mantle muscle (Young, 1975). The mantle muscle supports two kinds of work: slow swimming and respiratory movements, and the rapid bursts of spe ...
Biosketch - NC State University
... mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in humans. We will use a newly developed co-culture system to examine the impact of local adipocytes on mitochondrial function and insulin action in neighboring myocytes. We also seek to understand how exercise combats age-related metabolic decline. T ...
... mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in humans. We will use a newly developed co-culture system to examine the impact of local adipocytes on mitochondrial function and insulin action in neighboring myocytes. We also seek to understand how exercise combats age-related metabolic decline. T ...
The Stimulatory Effect of Globular Adiponectin on Insulin
... charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
... charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
Skeletal Muscle Fibre Characteristics in Young and Old Bulls and
... The results for ®bre type composition and enzyme activities in gluteus muscle agree with ®ndings from an earlier study in three 1.5-year-old steers (KarlstroÈm et al., 1994). Other studies in bulls or cattle have usually investigated muscles like longissimus dorsi or semitendinosus, as these muscles ...
... The results for ®bre type composition and enzyme activities in gluteus muscle agree with ®ndings from an earlier study in three 1.5-year-old steers (KarlstroÈm et al., 1994). Other studies in bulls or cattle have usually investigated muscles like longissimus dorsi or semitendinosus, as these muscles ...
A metabolic link to skeletal muscle wasting and regeneration
... pathway involving mTOR complex I (mTORC1) plays a crucial role in the control of initiation and elongation of mRNA translation (Bodine et al., 2001; Bolster et al., 2003; Dreyer et al., 2006). The mTORC1 signaling pathway integrates a wide variety of extra- and intracellular signals, including insul ...
... pathway involving mTOR complex I (mTORC1) plays a crucial role in the control of initiation and elongation of mRNA translation (Bodine et al., 2001; Bolster et al., 2003; Dreyer et al., 2006). The mTORC1 signaling pathway integrates a wide variety of extra- and intracellular signals, including insul ...
Dietary Supplementation With Lipoic Acid Inhibits Exercise
... disturbance in electron transport, the elevation in ROS generated by sprint exercise may also be affected by ischemia/reperfusion. The sudden uptake of oxygen following a sprint may react with accumulated metabolic intermediates to generate elevated levels of ROS (4,24). Beneficial effects of high i ...
... disturbance in electron transport, the elevation in ROS generated by sprint exercise may also be affected by ischemia/reperfusion. The sudden uptake of oxygen following a sprint may react with accumulated metabolic intermediates to generate elevated levels of ROS (4,24). Beneficial effects of high i ...
Chapter 11- Looking for the Edge
... HMB might promote muscle growth by decreasing or slowing down the catabolism or breakdown of muscle protein. ...
... HMB might promote muscle growth by decreasing or slowing down the catabolism or breakdown of muscle protein. ...
Nutrition for the sprinter
... loss, have often been given as reasons for avoiding high protein intakes. Whereas these issues are theoretically associated with high protein intake, to date there is no evidence for kidney damage from high protein in those with no predisposing kidney maladies (Zello, 2006). A major component of bon ...
... loss, have often been given as reasons for avoiding high protein intakes. Whereas these issues are theoretically associated with high protein intake, to date there is no evidence for kidney damage from high protein in those with no predisposing kidney maladies (Zello, 2006). A major component of bon ...
evidence- based care sheet
... • Nitrate supplementation increases blood plasma nitrite levels and decreases resting blood pressure(7) • Research suggests dietary nitrate supplementation is beneficial in enhancing muscle efficiency and oxygenation, but more research is needed to determine the conditions for which supplementation ...
... • Nitrate supplementation increases blood plasma nitrite levels and decreases resting blood pressure(7) • Research suggests dietary nitrate supplementation is beneficial in enhancing muscle efficiency and oxygenation, but more research is needed to determine the conditions for which supplementation ...
Document
... 3. Other functions of the cell such as protein expression Note that during heavy activity, cross-bridges formation is the main drain on ATP stores in muscle cell. Rate and amount of ATP consumption varies with the intensity and duration of the exercise ...
... 3. Other functions of the cell such as protein expression Note that during heavy activity, cross-bridges formation is the main drain on ATP stores in muscle cell. Rate and amount of ATP consumption varies with the intensity and duration of the exercise ...
Mechanism of Action of Beta Adrenergic Agonists and Potential
... the tibialis anterior muscle (Yimlamai et al., 2005). Awede et al. (2002) reported that clenbuterol administration resulted in a transient change in soleus muscle IGF-I. The authors noted an increase in muscle IGF-I protein in the soleus muscle after 3 days, but there was no difference between clenb ...
... the tibialis anterior muscle (Yimlamai et al., 2005). Awede et al. (2002) reported that clenbuterol administration resulted in a transient change in soleus muscle IGF-I. The authors noted an increase in muscle IGF-I protein in the soleus muscle after 3 days, but there was no difference between clenb ...
Looking for the Edge– Dietary Supplements
... HMB might promote muscle growth by decreasing or slowing down the catabolism or breakdown of muscle protein. ...
... HMB might promote muscle growth by decreasing or slowing down the catabolism or breakdown of muscle protein. ...
Downloaded - Amazon Web Services
... Z-fold in hind limb muscles in response to the training. The concentration of cytochrome c was also increased 2-fold, suggesting that the rise in respiratory enzyme activity was due to an increase in enzyme protein. The total protein content of the mitochondrial fraction increased approximately ...
... Z-fold in hind limb muscles in response to the training. The concentration of cytochrome c was also increased 2-fold, suggesting that the rise in respiratory enzyme activity was due to an increase in enzyme protein. The total protein content of the mitochondrial fraction increased approximately ...
Full Text PDF - J
... muscle as well as skeletal muscle of chickens. The present study shows that atrogin-1/MAFbx expression in cardiac muscle is selectively and coordinately upregulated during fasting. A specific transcriptional program that favors muscle atrophy is likely to be triggered upon food deprivation depending ...
... muscle as well as skeletal muscle of chickens. The present study shows that atrogin-1/MAFbx expression in cardiac muscle is selectively and coordinately upregulated during fasting. A specific transcriptional program that favors muscle atrophy is likely to be triggered upon food deprivation depending ...
Metabolism
... • B. Glycerol-phosphate shuttle (predominates in the skeletal muscle) – The glycerol-phosphate shuttle transfers electrons on cytosolic NADH to FAD within the mitochondria. (Therefore get 2 ATPs per NADH) ...
... • B. Glycerol-phosphate shuttle (predominates in the skeletal muscle) – The glycerol-phosphate shuttle transfers electrons on cytosolic NADH to FAD within the mitochondria. (Therefore get 2 ATPs per NADH) ...
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle
... between conditions and bouts on a cycle ergometer to exhaustion. Not only did the high-carbohydrate diet produce the best glycogen storage (i.e., stored glucose in skeletal muscle that was six times greater than the high-fat diet), but time to exhaustion when cycling was also three times longer than ...
... between conditions and bouts on a cycle ergometer to exhaustion. Not only did the high-carbohydrate diet produce the best glycogen storage (i.e., stored glucose in skeletal muscle that was six times greater than the high-fat diet), but time to exhaustion when cycling was also three times longer than ...
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation and Indicators of
... Body weight was measured before all exercise trials on a Seca scale (Model 707, Seca Corp., Columbia, MD) to the nearest 0.5 kg. Subjects were weighed in their workout clothes but no shoes. A continuous, graded exercise test (Åstrand maximal cycle protocol) (1) on a Monark cycle ergometer (Monark Ex ...
... Body weight was measured before all exercise trials on a Seca scale (Model 707, Seca Corp., Columbia, MD) to the nearest 0.5 kg. Subjects were weighed in their workout clothes but no shoes. A continuous, graded exercise test (Åstrand maximal cycle protocol) (1) on a Monark cycle ergometer (Monark Ex ...
Resistance training, insulin sensitivity and muscle
... control and insulin sensitivity in middle aged to elderly healthy subjects and patients with insulin resistance has increased substantially in the past 15 years. We have identified 25 such studies, but the limitations of the present chapter do not allow for a detailed review of these studies. However ...
... control and insulin sensitivity in middle aged to elderly healthy subjects and patients with insulin resistance has increased substantially in the past 15 years. We have identified 25 such studies, but the limitations of the present chapter do not allow for a detailed review of these studies. However ...
Skeletal muscle substrate metabolism
... within the muscle cell. Whereas a large fraction of mitochondria is found interspersed between myo®brils, there is a smaller population of mitochondria found massed under the sarcolemma close to capillaries (subsarcolemmal mitochondria). The location of these mitochondria puts them in close vicinity ...
... within the muscle cell. Whereas a large fraction of mitochondria is found interspersed between myo®brils, there is a smaller population of mitochondria found massed under the sarcolemma close to capillaries (subsarcolemmal mitochondria). The location of these mitochondria puts them in close vicinity ...
Protein food and amino acid supplements in athletes` diet Hrana
... (>1.2 g/kg/day) diets does not disrupt calcium homeostasis and is not detrimental to skeletal integrity. Protein may help preserve bone mass during weight loss by stimulating insulin-like growth factor and increasing intestinal calcium absorption (Jesudason et al., 2013; Cao et al., 2014; Tang et al ...
... (>1.2 g/kg/day) diets does not disrupt calcium homeostasis and is not detrimental to skeletal integrity. Protein may help preserve bone mass during weight loss by stimulating insulin-like growth factor and increasing intestinal calcium absorption (Jesudason et al., 2013; Cao et al., 2014; Tang et al ...
Improving muscle mass: response of muscle metabolism to exercise
... not change over time. Manipulation of exercise and nutrition may change the magnitude and direction of the positive and negative periods of NBAL and thus change muscle mass. Increased amino acid availability stimulates MPS (muscle protein synthesis) and results in positive NBAL [2], i.e. accretion o ...
... not change over time. Manipulation of exercise and nutrition may change the magnitude and direction of the positive and negative periods of NBAL and thus change muscle mass. Increased amino acid availability stimulates MPS (muscle protein synthesis) and results in positive NBAL [2], i.e. accretion o ...
metabolic factors in fatigue
... performance during high-intensity exercise that is sometimes observed following dietary creatine supplementation (Casey & Greenhaff, 2000). PCr levels may also be reduced in a large number of muscle fi bers at the point of fatigue during prolonged, submaximal exercise, coinciding with muscle glycoge ...
... performance during high-intensity exercise that is sometimes observed following dietary creatine supplementation (Casey & Greenhaff, 2000). PCr levels may also be reduced in a large number of muscle fi bers at the point of fatigue during prolonged, submaximal exercise, coinciding with muscle glycoge ...
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid
Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), or β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine and is synthesized in the human body. Its part in protein synthesis was discovered by Steven L. Nissen at Iowa State University. It has been used in scientific studies to purportedly increase muscle mass and decrease muscle breakdown. Nissen held the original patent on the metabolite as a nutritional supplement. It was discovered in pigs and small quantities can also be found in grapefruit, alfalfa, and catfish. As a supplement it is usually sold as the calcium salt calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate.Research published in the Journal of Applied Physiology has shown that HMB may have an effect on increasing muscle weight and strength. A review in Nutrition & Metabolism provides an in depth and objective analysis of HMB research.The same study lists as HMB's proposed mechanisms of action the following: Increased sarcolemmal integrity via conversion to HMG-CoA Enhanced protein synthesis via the mTOR pathway Depression of protein degradation through inhibition of the ubiquitin pathwayThe human body produces about 0.2-0.4 grams per day. Standard doses in research studies have been 1.5 to 3.0 grams per day, usually divided into two doses. Toxicity at these doses is unlikely, as the no-observed-adverse-event-level (NOAEL) in rats is between 2.48 to 2.83 g/kg BW per day, roughly equivalent to 70 to 100 g/day in humans.