Endocrinology of the Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus
... stimulating cyclic AMP degradation. T3, cortisol, and growth hormone increase the response of adipocytes to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Growth hormone also directly stimulates lipolysis. Insulin indirectly antagonizes the release of FFA by increasing reesterification. Growth hormone and cortisol ...
... stimulating cyclic AMP degradation. T3, cortisol, and growth hormone increase the response of adipocytes to epinephrine and norepinephrine. Growth hormone also directly stimulates lipolysis. Insulin indirectly antagonizes the release of FFA by increasing reesterification. Growth hormone and cortisol ...
High-resolution analysis of metabolic cycles in the intertidal mussel
... rapidly during the first hour of immersion (Fig. 2A). Similarly, levels of malate, which is the intermediate product formed during the reduction of oxaloacetate to succinate, oscillated and increased during low tide (Fig. 2A). Consistent with glucose serving as the primary substrate for anaerobiosis ...
... rapidly during the first hour of immersion (Fig. 2A). Similarly, levels of malate, which is the intermediate product formed during the reduction of oxaloacetate to succinate, oscillated and increased during low tide (Fig. 2A). Consistent with glucose serving as the primary substrate for anaerobiosis ...
Induction of MicroRNA-1 by Myocardin in Smooth Muscle Cells
... dynamics.14 –18 However, whether myocardin induces miRNAs to mediate its antiproliferative effects in SMCs remains largely unknown. miR-1 is a critical mediator of cell proliferation and differentiation in cardiac19,20 and skeletal21 muscles. In particular, it was reported that miR-1 was highly enri ...
... dynamics.14 –18 However, whether myocardin induces miRNAs to mediate its antiproliferative effects in SMCs remains largely unknown. miR-1 is a critical mediator of cell proliferation and differentiation in cardiac19,20 and skeletal21 muscles. In particular, it was reported that miR-1 was highly enri ...
Carbohydrate Storage and Synthesis in Liver and Muscle: Glycogen
... pancreas, activates glycogenolysis to maintain normal glycemia, when blood [glucose] becomes hypoglycemic. Glucagon t/2 ~ 5 minutes. (removal from blood by receptor binding, renal filtration, proteolytic inactivation in liver.) Elevated blood [glucagon]: between meals; chronically elevated during ...
... pancreas, activates glycogenolysis to maintain normal glycemia, when blood [glucose] becomes hypoglycemic. Glucagon t/2 ~ 5 minutes. (removal from blood by receptor binding, renal filtration, proteolytic inactivation in liver.) Elevated blood [glucagon]: between meals; chronically elevated during ...
Document
... and weight training with muscle bound individuals who are slow and have very limited flexibility. Research in this area of muscular development has shown this to be a misconception. Soccer players can and must work at improving their strength and power to play more effectively. The role of strength ...
... and weight training with muscle bound individuals who are slow and have very limited flexibility. Research in this area of muscular development has shown this to be a misconception. Soccer players can and must work at improving their strength and power to play more effectively. The role of strength ...
Stimulation of glucose utilization in 3T3 adipocytes and rat
... glycerol or fluorescent fatty acids from prelabelled rat adipocytes. For fluorescent labelling of adipocyte lipids, 12mL of adipocyte suspension (2.5 x 105 cells/mL of HEPES-based Krebs-Ringer buffer containing 0.5raM glucose and 0.75% BSA) was incubated (90min, 37 °) with 0.3 nM insulin and 0.1 mM ...
... glycerol or fluorescent fatty acids from prelabelled rat adipocytes. For fluorescent labelling of adipocyte lipids, 12mL of adipocyte suspension (2.5 x 105 cells/mL of HEPES-based Krebs-Ringer buffer containing 0.5raM glucose and 0.75% BSA) was incubated (90min, 37 °) with 0.3 nM insulin and 0.1 mM ...
On the role of gut microbiota in intestinal physiology and
... to metabolic effects. Further, the microbiota is required for a zero-fat, high sucrose diet to be steatogenic. This could give rise to novel treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Keywords: Gut microbiota, Intestinal permeability, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ...
... to metabolic effects. Further, the microbiota is required for a zero-fat, high sucrose diet to be steatogenic. This could give rise to novel treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Keywords: Gut microbiota, Intestinal permeability, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ...
De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than
... the substrate for the next round of elongation as it binds the thiol-group of the cysteine at the catalytic site of KS. The elongation ceases at the 16- or 18-carbon stage (Foster & Bloom, 1963; Carey, Dils & Hansen, 1970) with release of palmitic acid or stearic acid from ACP via activity of the th ...
... the substrate for the next round of elongation as it binds the thiol-group of the cysteine at the catalytic site of KS. The elongation ceases at the 16- or 18-carbon stage (Foster & Bloom, 1963; Carey, Dils & Hansen, 1970) with release of palmitic acid or stearic acid from ACP via activity of the th ...
4. Power: Pathways that make ATP
... Once the glucose has a phosphate on it, it is trapped inside the cell and the destiny of this molecule is to be changed somehow within the cell. Metabolites with phosphates on them do not circulate in the blood plasma. We already saw that with ATP, NADH and FADH. Several things can happen to glucose ...
... Once the glucose has a phosphate on it, it is trapped inside the cell and the destiny of this molecule is to be changed somehow within the cell. Metabolites with phosphates on them do not circulate in the blood plasma. We already saw that with ATP, NADH and FADH. Several things can happen to glucose ...
Slide 1
... Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency in liver (von Gierk’s disease): Glc not released into blood No response to Epinephrine or Glucagon hypoglycemia (low blood glc) between meals infant in convulsions Large amounts of glycogen in liver (G-6-P inhibits breakdown) Liver enlargement Glc-6-P increases glyco ...
... Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency in liver (von Gierk’s disease): Glc not released into blood No response to Epinephrine or Glucagon hypoglycemia (low blood glc) between meals infant in convulsions Large amounts of glycogen in liver (G-6-P inhibits breakdown) Liver enlargement Glc-6-P increases glyco ...
Hypoosmotic shock adaptation by prolactin involves upregulation of
... We cloned cDNA-encoding arginine vasotocin (AVT) from the brain of the cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus, and that was predicted to encode a protein of 153 amino acids. We examined changes in the expression of AVT mRNA in the brain and arginine vasotocin receptor (AVTR) mRNA and osmotic stress ...
... We cloned cDNA-encoding arginine vasotocin (AVT) from the brain of the cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus, and that was predicted to encode a protein of 153 amino acids. We examined changes in the expression of AVT mRNA in the brain and arginine vasotocin receptor (AVTR) mRNA and osmotic stress ...
CONTRIBUTION OF DYSFERLIN-CONTAINING
... generation capacity following lengthening contraction, which has been associated with increased tearing of myofibers following contraction [14] and uptake of membrane impermeable dyes following contraction induced damage in-vitro [15]. Overall, these data support the assertion that genetic mutations ...
... generation capacity following lengthening contraction, which has been associated with increased tearing of myofibers following contraction [14] and uptake of membrane impermeable dyes following contraction induced damage in-vitro [15]. Overall, these data support the assertion that genetic mutations ...
... differed from responses to injury or fasting per se. Oxygen seems to play a central role in the metabolic adaptation to fasting, from gene expression to weight loss. Since hypoxaemia associated with fasting has detrimental effects on nutritional balance, the present observations may be clinically re ...
Physiology Ch 78 p939-954 [4-25
... -when glucose is high, insulin is stimulated and carb is used instead of fat -most important function of insulin in body is to control which of these two foods will be used by cells for energy -GH, cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon play a role in switching -GH and cortisol are secreted during hypo ...
... -when glucose is high, insulin is stimulated and carb is used instead of fat -most important function of insulin in body is to control which of these two foods will be used by cells for energy -GH, cortisol, epinephrine, and glucagon play a role in switching -GH and cortisol are secreted during hypo ...
GDNF Content and NMJ Plasticity in Slow and Fast Twitch Myofibers
... 1991). Skeletal muscle mass and myofiber size, therefore, vary according to physiological, pathological, and environmental conditions. Skeletal muscle mass is defined as the mean volume of the myofibers (fiber length X fiber cross-sectional area (CSA)) and the number of fibers present in a given ske ...
... 1991). Skeletal muscle mass and myofiber size, therefore, vary according to physiological, pathological, and environmental conditions. Skeletal muscle mass is defined as the mean volume of the myofibers (fiber length X fiber cross-sectional area (CSA)) and the number of fibers present in a given ske ...
Diabetes Mellitus Overview and Treatments
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
Diabetes
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
... chain of 21 amino acids linked by two disulfide (S—S) bridges to a B chain of 30 amino acids. ...
Slide 1
... The rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis: PFK, is the slowest one of the pathway. It is regulated predominantly by ATP, citrate, AMP, H+ and fructose 2,6 Bis-P; with the 2,6 BP being the major regulator in liver and a relatively minor regulator in muscle. ATP, H+, and citrate greatly inhibit it, promo ...
... The rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis: PFK, is the slowest one of the pathway. It is regulated predominantly by ATP, citrate, AMP, H+ and fructose 2,6 Bis-P; with the 2,6 BP being the major regulator in liver and a relatively minor regulator in muscle. ATP, H+, and citrate greatly inhibit it, promo ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... by the liver are packaged into VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (VLDL). They are primarily triacylglycerols, with an intermediate amount of phospholipids and small amounts of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters, as well as, apoB-100, apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE. They are released from the liver, ...
... by the liver are packaged into VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (VLDL). They are primarily triacylglycerols, with an intermediate amount of phospholipids and small amounts of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters, as well as, apoB-100, apoC-I, apoC-II, apoC-III, and apoE. They are released from the liver, ...
Amino Acid δ13C Analysis Shows Flexibility in the Routing of
... traced the influence of dietary lipids on the synthesis of consumers’ tissues by inversely varying the dietary proportion of C4-based lipids and C3-based protein while keeping carbohydrate content constant in four dietary treatments, and analyzing the d13C values of amino acids in mouse muscle after ...
... traced the influence of dietary lipids on the synthesis of consumers’ tissues by inversely varying the dietary proportion of C4-based lipids and C3-based protein while keeping carbohydrate content constant in four dietary treatments, and analyzing the d13C values of amino acids in mouse muscle after ...
informed bodybuilding nutrition
... these trials varies. They include retrospective studies, where many subjects may be questioned as to the effect something has had on an outcome. The strongest type of epidemiological evidence comes form double blind placebo prospective case-controlled studies. In these, two groups of subjects are ra ...
... these trials varies. They include retrospective studies, where many subjects may be questioned as to the effect something has had on an outcome. The strongest type of epidemiological evidence comes form double blind placebo prospective case-controlled studies. In these, two groups of subjects are ra ...
Product Data Sheet Your assurance of quality®
... major fuel for high-intensity exercise for enhanced muscle strength and mass. The Science of Creatine Creatine plays a vital role in energy production by recycling ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in muscles. ATP is the body’s major molecule that produces “explosive” chemical energy within cells and is ...
... major fuel for high-intensity exercise for enhanced muscle strength and mass. The Science of Creatine Creatine plays a vital role in energy production by recycling ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in muscles. ATP is the body’s major molecule that produces “explosive” chemical energy within cells and is ...
Increasing Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Flux as a Treatment
... recommendations of the British Society of Echocardiography. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in control and diabetic animals, by blinded observers, with the use of a commercially available Vivid I echocardiography system (GE Healthcare) using an 11.5 MHz phased array 10S-RS pediatric ech ...
... recommendations of the British Society of Echocardiography. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in control and diabetic animals, by blinded observers, with the use of a commercially available Vivid I echocardiography system (GE Healthcare) using an 11.5 MHz phased array 10S-RS pediatric ech ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... Physiological Functions of the Thyroid Hormones • Effect on Specific Bodily Mechanisms a. Stimulation of cbh metabolism-rapid uptake of glucose, enhanced glycolysis, enhanced gluconeogenesis, increased rate of absorption, increased insulin secretion b. Stimulation of fat metabolism-lipids are mobil ...
... Physiological Functions of the Thyroid Hormones • Effect on Specific Bodily Mechanisms a. Stimulation of cbh metabolism-rapid uptake of glucose, enhanced glycolysis, enhanced gluconeogenesis, increased rate of absorption, increased insulin secretion b. Stimulation of fat metabolism-lipids are mobil ...