Study Guide Unit 4 - Mrs. Wolodkowicz`s Biological Realm
... write the definitions for DNA & RNA, transcription & translation, autosome, & sex linkage. the components of DNA the nitrogen bases & their complementary base pairs in DNA & RNA functions of tRNA & mRNA the laws of segregation & independent assortment the terms: dominant, recessive, geno ...
... write the definitions for DNA & RNA, transcription & translation, autosome, & sex linkage. the components of DNA the nitrogen bases & their complementary base pairs in DNA & RNA functions of tRNA & mRNA the laws of segregation & independent assortment the terms: dominant, recessive, geno ...
Name
... b. inducible c. absent d. lethal 6. What term describes a second level of regulation of the trp operon that occurs in TrpR¯ mutants suggesting that it is repressor independent? a. truncation b. derepression c. attenuation d. antisense RNA 7. Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is similar in ...
... b. inducible c. absent d. lethal 6. What term describes a second level of regulation of the trp operon that occurs in TrpR¯ mutants suggesting that it is repressor independent? a. truncation b. derepression c. attenuation d. antisense RNA 7. Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is similar in ...
E1. If the physiological adaptation theory had been correct
... E1. If the physiological adaptation theory had been correct, mutations should have occurred after the cells were plated on the media containing T1 bacteriophages. Since the same numbers of bacteria were streaked on each plate, we would have expected to see roughly the same number of resistant coloni ...
... E1. If the physiological adaptation theory had been correct, mutations should have occurred after the cells were plated on the media containing T1 bacteriophages. Since the same numbers of bacteria were streaked on each plate, we would have expected to see roughly the same number of resistant coloni ...
Chromosome vs. Gene Mutations
... • Are due to a change in a single gene. • Can involve changes in several nucleotides ...
... • Are due to a change in a single gene. • Can involve changes in several nucleotides ...
MCAS BIOLOGY REVIEW GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
... DNA stores the genetic code which carries the instructions for making proteins and inheritance ...
... DNA stores the genetic code which carries the instructions for making proteins and inheritance ...
EXAM 2
... True/False (1 point each) 20. ___T___ Satellite DNA is highly repetitive 21. ___T___ The more repetitive DNA included in a genome, the more quickly it will reanneal after being denatured. 22. ___T___ For most diploid eukaryotic organisms, sexual reproduction is the only mechanism resulting in new me ...
... True/False (1 point each) 20. ___T___ Satellite DNA is highly repetitive 21. ___T___ The more repetitive DNA included in a genome, the more quickly it will reanneal after being denatured. 22. ___T___ For most diploid eukaryotic organisms, sexual reproduction is the only mechanism resulting in new me ...
Mutations and Genetic Disorders
... nucleotides in a gene – alters the expression of the gene’s protein and can affect the cell 2. Chromosomal mutations – changes due to errors in cell division, usually meiosis that alters the structure or number of chromosome in a cell ...
... nucleotides in a gene – alters the expression of the gene’s protein and can affect the cell 2. Chromosomal mutations – changes due to errors in cell division, usually meiosis that alters the structure or number of chromosome in a cell ...
INSERT A-3c
... 3. Why can a person carrying a translocation be normal except, for the inability to have children? Explanation/Answer: If all of the DNA is present and the breakage for the translocation did not occur within a gene, then the phenotype of the individual can be normal. However, when that individual’s ...
... 3. Why can a person carrying a translocation be normal except, for the inability to have children? Explanation/Answer: If all of the DNA is present and the breakage for the translocation did not occur within a gene, then the phenotype of the individual can be normal. However, when that individual’s ...
DNA Mutations and Disorders 2010
... 1. A segment of DNA strand is copied by mRNA in the nucleus. 2. mRNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosome in cytoplasm. 3. Ribosome “reads” mRNA and calls for specific amino acids. 4. Amino acids linked together to form protein chain. ...
... 1. A segment of DNA strand is copied by mRNA in the nucleus. 2. mRNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosome in cytoplasm. 3. Ribosome “reads” mRNA and calls for specific amino acids. 4. Amino acids linked together to form protein chain. ...
chapter 11, 12, 13 practice questions
... change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? F) Delete the 7th base in the original strand of DNA. How many amino acids are affected in the change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? 2. Refer to Figure 11.12 on pg. 300 and describ ...
... change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? F) Delete the 7th base in the original strand of DNA. How many amino acids are affected in the change? What kind of mutation is this (point mutation or frameshift mutation)? 2. Refer to Figure 11.12 on pg. 300 and describ ...
Mutations booklet MutationsAND Consequences
... Mutations are changes in the DNA. Mutations occur frequently, but these changes may or may not impact the protein that the DNA codes for. Therefore, mutations may have negative consequences, positive consequences, or may be neutral (inconsequential/no effect). In the table below, Use the single st ...
... Mutations are changes in the DNA. Mutations occur frequently, but these changes may or may not impact the protein that the DNA codes for. Therefore, mutations may have negative consequences, positive consequences, or may be neutral (inconsequential/no effect). In the table below, Use the single st ...
Mutations II
... lactose—but a single point mutation (changing aspartic acid to asparagine at position 92) increases its affinity for lactose 47-fold – A second mutation was found (changing tryptophan to cysteine at position 977) that increased the ebg enzyme’s activity 466-fold, and also enabled it to break down ...
... lactose—but a single point mutation (changing aspartic acid to asparagine at position 92) increases its affinity for lactose 47-fold – A second mutation was found (changing tryptophan to cysteine at position 977) that increased the ebg enzyme’s activity 466-fold, and also enabled it to break down ...
BIOL290
... deletion, duplication, and loss/gain of genetic material. B. Review the terms euploidy and aneuploidy and be able to recognize examples of each. C. Understand the correlation between chromosome sets and size of an organism D. What is the general cause of aneuploidy? E. In humans, what can result whe ...
... deletion, duplication, and loss/gain of genetic material. B. Review the terms euploidy and aneuploidy and be able to recognize examples of each. C. Understand the correlation between chromosome sets and size of an organism D. What is the general cause of aneuploidy? E. In humans, what can result whe ...
powerpoint
... SYNTHESIS OF RNA: A CLOSER LOOK • RNA SYNTHESIS ON A DNA TEMPLATES IS CATALYZED BY RNA POLYMERASE • IT FOLLOWS THE SAME BASE PIRING RULES AS DNA REPLICATION, EXCEPT THAT IN RNA, URACIL SUBSTITUTES FOR THYMINE • PROMOTERS, SPECIFIC NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES AT THE START OF A GENE, SIGNAL THE INITIATION OF ...
... SYNTHESIS OF RNA: A CLOSER LOOK • RNA SYNTHESIS ON A DNA TEMPLATES IS CATALYZED BY RNA POLYMERASE • IT FOLLOWS THE SAME BASE PIRING RULES AS DNA REPLICATION, EXCEPT THAT IN RNA, URACIL SUBSTITUTES FOR THYMINE • PROMOTERS, SPECIFIC NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES AT THE START OF A GENE, SIGNAL THE INITIATION OF ...
mutation
... gene product is not enough for a normal phenotye (this is called haploinsufficiency). Dominant negative mutations - the altered gene product acts antagonistically to the wild-type allele. These mutations are characterised by a dominant phenotype. In humans, dominant negative mutations have been impl ...
... gene product is not enough for a normal phenotye (this is called haploinsufficiency). Dominant negative mutations - the altered gene product acts antagonistically to the wild-type allele. These mutations are characterised by a dominant phenotype. In humans, dominant negative mutations have been impl ...
Protein Synthesis SG
... a. What will be the corresponding mRNA sequence? ____________________________ b. How many codons are present? _______ c. What will be the corresponding tRNA sequence? _____________________________ d. What part do the tRNA anticodons play in making the protein? ________________________________ ______ ...
... a. What will be the corresponding mRNA sequence? ____________________________ b. How many codons are present? _______ c. What will be the corresponding tRNA sequence? _____________________________ d. What part do the tRNA anticodons play in making the protein? ________________________________ ______ ...
Lecture 4
... converted into a string of amino acids during protein synthesis, point mutations often manifest as functional changes in the final protein product. Thus, there exist functional groupings for point mutations. These groupings are divided into: Silent mutations result in a new codon (a triplet nucleoti ...
... converted into a string of amino acids during protein synthesis, point mutations often manifest as functional changes in the final protein product. Thus, there exist functional groupings for point mutations. These groupings are divided into: Silent mutations result in a new codon (a triplet nucleoti ...
Pathology
... 1) Know the major types of mutations and be able to give an example of each. Point Mutation (missense, nonsense) – replacement of one base pair with another creating a codon for a different amino acid (missense) or a stop codon (nonsense). Ex: Sickle cell anemia. Frameshift (deletion or insertion) – ...
... 1) Know the major types of mutations and be able to give an example of each. Point Mutation (missense, nonsense) – replacement of one base pair with another creating a codon for a different amino acid (missense) or a stop codon (nonsense). Ex: Sickle cell anemia. Frameshift (deletion or insertion) – ...
DNA Mutation
... Mutation is the process by which gene (chromosome) changes structurally In 1943 Luria and Delbruck used the fluctuation test to demonstrate that phenotypic variant in bacteria is due to mutation Enrichment media in a perti dish was plated with E. coli in presence of phage T1 Under normal cir ...
... Mutation is the process by which gene (chromosome) changes structurally In 1943 Luria and Delbruck used the fluctuation test to demonstrate that phenotypic variant in bacteria is due to mutation Enrichment media in a perti dish was plated with E. coli in presence of phage T1 Under normal cir ...
Types of mutation
... 1 change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a substitution in the betahemoglobin gene, which alters a single amino acid in the protein produced. 2 change a codon to one that encodes the sa ...
... 1 change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a substitution in the betahemoglobin gene, which alters a single amino acid in the protein produced. 2 change a codon to one that encodes the sa ...
Document
... The Cell Cycle • The cell cycle is under genetic control • A fundamental feature of the cell cycle is that it is a true cycle: it is not reversible • Many genes are transcribed during the cell cycle just before their products are needed ...
... The Cell Cycle • The cell cycle is under genetic control • A fundamental feature of the cell cycle is that it is a true cycle: it is not reversible • Many genes are transcribed during the cell cycle just before their products are needed ...
16-1 Genes and Variation
... allele (T) occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles (t) occur. ...
... allele (T) occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles (t) occur. ...
Frameshift mutation
A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three. Due to the triplet nature of gene expression by codons, the insertion or deletion can change the reading frame (the grouping of the codons), resulting in a completely different translation from the original. The earlier in the sequence the deletion or insertion occurs, the more altered the protein. A frameshift mutation is not the same as a single-nucleotide polymorphism in which a nucleotide is replaced, rather than inserted or deleted. A frameshift mutation will in general cause the reading of the codons after the mutation to code for different amino acids. The frameshift mutation will also alter the first stop codon (""UAA"", ""UGA"" or ""UAG"") encountered in the sequence. The polypeptide being created could be abnormally short or abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.Frameshift mutations are apparent in severe genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease and Cystic Fibrosis; they increase susceptibility to certain cancers and classes of familial hypercholesterolaemia; in 1997, a frameshift mutation was linked to resistance to infection by the HIV retrovirus. Frameshift mutations have been proposed as a source of biological novelty, as with the alleged creation of nylonase, however, this interpretation is controversial. A study by Negoro et al (2006) found that a frameshift mutation was unlikely to have been the cause and that rather a two amino acid substitution in the catalytic cleft of an ancestral esterase amplified Ald-hydrolytic activity.