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H. Antifungal agents
H. Antifungal agents

... - Heptaene derivative with low enough toxicity for I.V use, but still toxic drug used with caution. - It does not cross BBB, so used intrathecally of brain fungal infections. - The main side effect is nephrotoxicity, reduced by formulation change. - Liposomal encapsulation was found to target infect ...
Creating and developing innovative therapies Deborah Rathjen
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... limitation, statements made regarding Bionomics’ development candidates BNC105, BNC210, BNC101, BNC420 and BNC375, its licensing agreements with Merck & Co, the acquisitions of Eclipse Therapeutics and Prestwick Chemical, drug discovery programs and pending patent applications are deemed to be forwa ...
Large Receptor Reserve for Cannabinoid Actions in the Central
Large Receptor Reserve for Cannabinoid Actions in the Central

... [131I]AM 281 binding (Fig. 2). The highest concentration of WIN 55212-2 reduced [131I]AM 281 binding to below that of the nonspecific binding, as defined by 1 mM SR 141716A. Although this could be taken to indicate the presence of a small population of receptors in the slice that bind [131I]AM 281 a ...
Opioid Receptors: Oligomerization and Desensitization
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... modulation of LC neuronal firing rates contributes to the physical aspects of opiate addiction, namely physical dependence and withdrawal in several species. • Chronic administration of opiate leads to upregulation of the cAMP system, which increases the intrinsic excitability of LC neurons, and the ...
Synthetic Opioids Did you know?
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... nasal spray, usually over the internet. It is one of several fentanyl analogs along with other synthetic opioids that are being marketed for their heroin-like effects. They are mostly made in China and sold online disguised as “research chemicals”. Some fentanyl analogs (e.g. acetyl fentanyl, butyry ...
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Pharmacology Exam for Grade 2007 Oversea Students (A)
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... By the end of this lecture, students should: why the drugs should be metabolized  Recognize the importance of biotransformation  Know the different sites for drug metabolism  Define the major phase I and phase II metabolic reactions.  Describe the modulation of liver microsomal enzymes by induc ...
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... Ketamine, used as an anesthetic in human and veterinary medicine, has emerged in the past few years as a promising, rapid-acting antidepressant. When administered intravenously at low doses, it can lift symptoms of deep depression within hours, for seven to 10 days. Typical antidepressants, which ac ...
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... Depakote was approved for use in the United States in 1978. It is an effective treatment for partial and generalized seizures. How does it work? Depakote increases the amount of GABA. GABA is a chemical that blocks electrical signals in the brain. Depakote also reduces the amount of chemicals in the ...
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... acetyl salicylic acid. Hence it is granulared without use of water. •Paracetamol is stable between ph 5 & 7 . •While ibuprofen shows more solubility above pH 6. Therefore compound suspension of these two drugs in combination pH of solution is 5-6. ...
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Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studying these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat many different neurological disorders, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, addiction, and many others.
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