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Saw Palmetto
Saw Palmetto

... dysuria, nocturia, and impaired urinary flow. These effects are reported to begin within 30 days of treatment and to continue through at least 6 months, the longest period studied to date. There is a large placebo effect in studies in this field. Saw palmetto extracts do not significantly ...
DRUG NAME: Octreotide  SYNONYM(S): COMMON TRADE NAME(S):
DRUG NAME: Octreotide SYNONYM(S): COMMON TRADE NAME(S):

... controlled studies in pregnant women, or animal-reproduction studies have shown a fetal risk (other than decreased fertility) not confirmed in controlled studies in pregnant women in the first trimester and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters.5 Breastfeeding: Although octreotide is like ...
Compounded Topical Anesthetics in Orthodontics
Compounded Topical Anesthetics in Orthodontics

... Regardless of brand name, mucosal compound topical anesthetics are relatively similar. Each contains a combination of high-dose anesthetics, including both ester-type (tetracaine) and amide-type (lidocaine and prilocaine), to provide profound numbness, as well as other inactive ingredients for struc ...
Selective Inhibitors of Picornavirus Replication
Selective Inhibitors of Picornavirus Replication

... an important member of the cardioviruses. EMCV was isolated from several animals, as well as humans, and was shown to cause lesions in multiple organs, including heart, pancreas and CNS.6,7 The prototype of the enterovirus genus or of the picornavirus family in general, is poliovirus. This virus, ca ...
Technical considerations for pen injectors
Technical considerations for pen injectors

... injectors are intended for general use with a wide range of drugs/biological products and are marketed alone. Typically, general use injectors have marketing clearance as devices under a pre-market notification (510(k)). Other injectors are intended for use with a specific drug/biological product an ...
Macrocycles in new drug discovery
Macrocycles in new drug discovery

... and lipid-membrane permeability to achieve oral absorption [24–29] . However, this is not the case for many natural products in clinical develop­ ment [30] . Furthermore, synthetic macrocycles in the medicinal chemistry context that are struc­ turally unrelated to natural products tend to fol­ low t ...
Administration of the Combination Clonazepam
Administration of the Combination Clonazepam

... of patients. Several studies involving medication that modulates neurotransmitter systems in the brain demonstrated beneficial results in some tinnitus patients (2,3). However, these significant effects could always be questioned because of methodologic issues (2,4,5). ...
METOPROLOL ACTAVIS
METOPROLOL ACTAVIS

... lower doses than those needed to influence the beta 2 -receptors mainly located in the bronchi and peripheral vessels. Metoprolol has little membrane-stabilising effect nor does it display partial agonist activity (i.e. intrinsic sympathomimetic activity = ISA) at doses required to produce beta-blo ...
GINKGO BILOBA: A Cognitive Enhancer?
GINKGO BILOBA: A Cognitive Enhancer?

... design in which the treatment is administered after training, together with demonstrations of time-dependent effects on memory, would address this issue. When treatments are administered before training, in either chronic or single-treatment experiments, improvements on measures of learning and mem ...
Neptune Krill Oil 500 mg
Neptune Krill Oil 500 mg

... As a result, catabolism of HDL and accumulation of cholesterol esters in LDL particles are reduced. Additionally, niacin directly inhibits the uptake and catabolism of ApoA1-containing HDL particles, thus acting to further increase plasma levels of HDL. Finally, two types of niacin ...
Catechol-O-methyltransferase val met genotype
Catechol-O-methyltransferase val met genotype

... function and working memory of met/met carriers, whereas it improved performance among val/val carriers. This was explained as an inverted ‘U’ functional response curve so that performance is improved by modest increases in synaptic DA levels, but impaired when levels exceed a certain optimal level. ...
The Pharmacology of Psychedelic Drugs
The Pharmacology of Psychedelic Drugs

... A preliminary discussion of some of the substances which have been exeluded from the present review seems in order. First, according to Osmond, Hoffer and others, adrenochrome and adrenolutln have "psychotomimetic" properties but this has not been generally accepted; ,they are discussed in the secti ...
Reviewing the reality: why we need to change * Peter J. Lin Introduction
Reviewing the reality: why we need to change * Peter J. Lin Introduction

... The limitations associated with warfarin therapy have resulted in the global problem of under-treatment with anticoagulants for the prevention of strokes in AF. In Italy, for example, only about one in five hospitalized patients with AF will receive oral anticoagulation and only 25% of chronic AF pat ...
Arrhythmia/Electrophysiology
Arrhythmia/Electrophysiology

... Methods and Results—To test whether clonidine elicits pharmacological effects independent of ␣2-adrenoceptors, we have generated mice with a targeted deletion of all 3 ␣2-adrenoceptor subtypes (␣2ABC⫺/⫺). ␣2ABC⫺/⫺ mice were completely unresponsive to the analgesic and hypnotic effects of clonidine; ...
In silico methods in prediction of drug metabolism, mass
In silico methods in prediction of drug metabolism, mass

... drugs and their metabolites is often limited, which hinders method development and identification. Understanding the metabolism of new drug compounds is essential for toxicological risk assessment as well as for analytical method development, as the detection of metabolites together with the parent ...
zidovudine and lamivudine - WHO archives
zidovudine and lamivudine - WHO archives

... part of the three first-line treatments in the draft WHO Guidelines for use of antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings (ARV Guidelines). They are available as a fixed drug combination from 7 manufacturers internationally. The combination of ZDV and 3TC is recommended for treatment within an a ...
150-505-1-SP - Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
150-505-1-SP - Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences

... and growth hormone. EPO receptor is a dimer of two identical subunits. Erythropoietin binding to its homodimer receptor induces structural changes that lead to the activation of Janus tyrosine kinase 2, and thus the phosphorylation of the remained tyrosine kinases of the erythropoietin receptor. Thi ...
Protease inhibitor plasma concentrations in HIV antiretroviral therapy
Protease inhibitor plasma concentrations in HIV antiretroviral therapy

... An in vitro 90% effective concentration of 2100 ng/ml against HIV-1 type IIIB (wild-type virus) in MT4 cells, after adjustment for protein binding, had been estimated. The study demonstrated that only patients with minimum concentrations above this concentration had long-term effects on plasma HIV R ...
Oxytocin (Oxt) /ˌɒksɨˈtoʊsɪn/ is a mammalian neurohypophysial
Oxytocin (Oxt) /ˌɒksɨˈtoʊsɪn/ is a mammalian neurohypophysial

... difficult parturition. It has largely replaced ergometrine as the principal agent to increase uterine tone in acute postpartum hemorrhage. The tocolytic agent atosiban (Tractocile) acts as an antagonist of oxytocin receptors; this drug is registered in many countries to suppress premature labor betw ...
Document
Document

... AE. Study drug–related AEs (nausea, abdominal distension, and asthenia) were reported for 1 subject, in the RTV group on day 1 and resolved the same day without treatment. In cohort 2, treatment-emergent AEs were reported for 7 of 18 subjects (38.9%) receiving COBI. AEs were predominantly grade 1 or ...
Product Monograph Template - Standard
Product Monograph Template - Standard

First clinical data of the neuroprotective effects of nasal insulin
First clinical data of the neuroprotective effects of nasal insulin

... worse rather than better, triggering insulin resistance (which may have been developing already) and making neuronal communication and energy use worse, rather than improving it. This suggests that the underlying mechanism that triggered AD in this subgroup is independent from insulin signaling. Bec ...
Development of Fast Dispersible Aceclofenac Tablets: Effect of
Development of Fast Dispersible Aceclofenac Tablets: Effect of

... Because of changes in various physiological functions associated with aging including difÞculty in swallowing, administration of intact tablet may lead to poor patient compliance and ineffective therapy. The paediatric and geriatrics patients are of particular concern. To overcome this, dispersible ...
PPIs May Reduce Effectiveness Of Clopidogrel (PLAVIX®)
PPIs May Reduce Effectiveness Of Clopidogrel (PLAVIX®)

... Pezella E, Day D, Pulliadath I. Initial assessment of clinical impact of a drug interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1038-9. Juurlink DN, Gomes T, Ko D, et al. A population-based study of the drug interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopido ...
DXM
DXM

... •  Majority of respondents (79%) reported using DXM to explore their consciousness or alter their state of mind.! •  While many respondents mentioned DXM’s accessibility (legal, readily available, cheap) as a reason or benefit of using DXM, the focus was on specific effects, such as dissociation and ...
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Neuropharmacology

Neuropharmacology is the study of how drugs affect cellular function in the nervous system, and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behavior. There are two main branches of neuropharmacology: behavioral and molecular. Behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), including the study of how drug dependence and addiction affect the human brain. Molecular neuropharmacology involves the study of neurons and their neurochemical interactions, with the overall goal of developing drugs that have beneficial effects on neurological function. Both of these fields are closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurohormones, neuromodulators, enzymes, second messengers, co-transporters, ion channels, and receptor proteins in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Studying these interactions, researchers are developing drugs to treat many different neurological disorders, including pain, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, psychological disorders, addiction, and many others.
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