• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Sign in Sign up
Upload
The Casimir energy and radiative heat transfer between
The Casimir energy and radiative heat transfer between

... Furthermore the vacuum energy associated with these extra- and intra-cavity fields brings a field radiation pressure, which increases with the fields’ frequency. At cavity-resonance, the radiation pressure inside the cavity is larger than the one outside and hence the mirrors are pushed apart. Howev ...
pdf - arXiv
pdf - arXiv

... Theory (QFT) as a consequence of the reality of the zero point energy [7]. Lifshitz extended the Casimir calculus of perfect metal plates at zero temperature to the more general case of dielectric plates at any finite temperature [15], which is one of the most famous and more used formulas of Casimi ...
Physical Manifestations of Zero-Point Energy
Physical Manifestations of Zero-Point Energy

... force "must have something to do with zero-point energy." In April 1948 Casimir communicated a new derivation of the force between an atom and a plate, and between two atoms, based on quantum fluctuations to a meeting in Paris [51]. For further history of the development of the Casimir effect, see R ...
Casimir and Critical Casimir effects An overview Sergio Ciliberto
Casimir and Critical Casimir effects An overview Sergio Ciliberto

... material of the plates, but only on geometrical properties (S and L) and on fundamental constants The higher order term in the expansion: is a material-dependent parameter which describes the deviations of the plates from the perfectly conducting behaviour Finite temperature corrections can be usual ...
Space Travel Innovations
Space Travel Innovations

... remote radio control. Its anti-gravity field is produced by a circular mechanism inside its relatively thin body. Mike Hanson's Flying Saucer Engine – A field theory is unified with projective geometry. Gravity is this; the atom/element in question which exists only between a particular format of bo ...
Chapter 4 Assumptions
Chapter 4 Assumptions

... For example, a group of particles can have mass in excess of Planck mass mp 2.176 10‐8 kg . However, the theoretical limit for a single fundamental particle a single fermion is Planck mass. If there was a fermion with Planck mass it would form a black hole. The inverse of Planck time is ...
Zero Point Energy
Zero Point Energy

... are immersed in an energetic field. The existence of the zero point electromagnetic energy was discovered in 1958 by the Dutch physicist M. J. Sparnaay. Mr Sparnaay continued the experiments carried out by Hendrick B. G. Casimir in 1948 which showed the existence of a force between two uncharged pla ...
Conversion of the Vacuum-energy of Electromagnetic Zero
Conversion of the Vacuum-energy of Electromagnetic Zero

... Illustration of the oscillation of four charges during time as the given conditions for an example, which will be calculated in the following lines in order to demonstrate how the finite speed of propagation acts on time dependant development of the field strength. Regarding the conception of (a.): ...
Geometry and Material Effects in Casimir Physics
Geometry and Material Effects in Casimir Physics

... Neutral objects exert a force on one another through electromagnetic fields even if they do not possess permanent multipole moments. Materials that couple to the electromagnetic field alter the spectrum of the field’s quantum and thermal fluctuations. The resulting change in energy depends on the re ...
Stimulated emission from single quantum dipoles
Stimulated emission from single quantum dipoles

... where d , , is the dipole matrix element. In deriving this result, the two-level system is assumed to have a spatial extent small in comparison to the optical wavelength so that the dipole approximation is applicable. In particular, the spatial variation of the optical wave is rcmoved from the inter ...
3, Coherent and Squeezed States 1. Coherent states 2. Squeezed
3, Coherent and Squeezed States 1. Coherent states 2. Squeezed

... A squeezed coherent state |α, ξi is obtained by first acting with the displacement operator D̂(α) on the vacuum followed by the squeezed operator Ŝ(ξ), i.e. |α, ξi = D̂(α)Ŝ(ξ)|0i, where Ŝ(ξ) = exp[ 12 ξ ∗ â2 − 12 ξâ†2 ], for ξ = 0, we obtain just a coherent state. the expectation values, hα, ξ| ...
Quantum Energy Teleportation - UWSpace
Quantum Energy Teleportation - UWSpace

... In some sense the entropy is a measure of uncertainty in a random variable. Here is a rough sketch of how this concept applies to certain situations: say we have an alphabet X and for any given message there is a probability p(x) that a given letter X is x. Then, if we consider how one could optimal ...
The Vacuum-Lattice model – a new route to longitudinal
The Vacuum-Lattice model – a new route to longitudinal

... that conform to the field equations of classical electromagnetism and gravito-electromagnetism (GEM). The charge elements therefore respond to external electric, magnetic and gravitational fields like any other charged particle with a non-zero rest mass. Vacuum lattice theory does not, therefore, pr ...
Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields?
Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields?

... necessitates a more general definition of the concept ‘vacuum’. While the standard definition ‘region of space without real particles’ obviously cannot be true for very strong external fields, the new and better definition ‘energetically deepest and stable configuration of space’ seems to be more ap ...
Connecting Blackbody Radiation, Relativity, and Discrete Charge in
Connecting Blackbody Radiation, Relativity, and Discrete Charge in

... fundamental constant like Stefan’s constant as connecting the energy density u of thermal radiation and the absolute temperature T , u = as T 4 . Today relativistic physics is regarded as fundamental, not nonrelativistic mechanics. In particular, the relativistic Coulomb interaction between discrete ...
Quantum Physics II, Lecture Notes 6
Quantum Physics II, Lecture Notes 6

... It must be emphasized that the operator U generates time evolution for any possible state at time t0 –it does not depend on the chosen state at time t0 . A physical system has a single operator U that generates the time evolution of all possible states. The above equation is valid for all times t, s ...
Chapter 5 Harmonic Oscillator and Coherent States
Chapter 5 Harmonic Oscillator and Coherent States

... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator ...
Introduction to Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetime
Introduction to Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetime

... questions are non-perturbative in nature: the nature and fate of spacetime singularities, the fate of Cauchy horizons, the nature of the microstates counted by black hole entropy, and the possible unification of gravity with other interactions. At a shallower level, the perturbative approach of effe ...
The powerpoint presentation of the material
The powerpoint presentation of the material

... Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ...
The powerpoint presentation of the material
The powerpoint presentation of the material

... Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ...
The Casimir force: background, experiments, and
The Casimir force: background, experiments, and

... of the attractive forces between isolated atoms. Of course, when the plates are sufficiently flat and clean, when they are brought together the force does not go to infinity, but the plates fuse together with molecular or atomic bonding. When this bonding occurs, the maximum energy from the attracti ...
energy mass particles fields forces and new ether
energy mass particles fields forces and new ether

... vacuum can contain and to travel within itself infinite information, so to several years, we have the absolute vacuum with inside dozens of television news in as many different languages and a hundred other television channels as well as a multitude of other telecommunications modulated in various ...
Quantum electrodynamic Aharonov
Quantum electrodynamic Aharonov

... potential in this case is treated as a classical and static variable. Interestingly, there is no fundamental reason to limit this force-free quantum effect to the case of a static and classical external potential. That is, a charge may interact with a potential produced by a quantized electromagneti ...
PH504L4-dipo
PH504L4-dipo

... but still produce an electric field and are affected when placed in an electric field (e.g. molecules). This arises because the positive and negative charges are physically separated. The simplest system is the electric dipole. The electric dipole – definition: Consists of two equal and opposite cha ...
Quantum fluctuations and thermodynamic processes in the presence of closed... by Tsunefumi Tanaka
Quantum fluctuations and thermodynamic processes in the presence of closed... by Tsunefumi Tanaka

... In recent years the physics of time travel has been hotly debated. The study of time travel falls into two categories: the (im)possibility argument on time travel and the exploration of physical effects due to time travel if it is possible. The first part of this thesis deals with a physical process ...
1 2 3 4 5 7 >

Zero-point energy

Zero-point energy, also called quantum vacuum zero-point energy, is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical physical system may have; it is the energy of its ground state.All quantum mechanical systems undergo fluctuations even in their ground state and have an associated zero-point energy, a consequence of their wave-like nature. The uncertainty principle requires every physical system to have a zero-point energy greater than the minimum of its classical potential well. This results in motion even at absolute zero. For example, liquid helium does not freeze under atmospheric pressure at any temperature because of its zero-point energy.The concept of zero-point energy was developed by Max Planck in Germany in 1911 as a corrective term added to a zero-grounded formula developed in his original quantum theory in 1900. The term zero-point energy is a translation from the German Nullpunktsenergie.Vacuum energy is the zero-point energy of all the fields in space, which in the Standard Model includes the electromagnetic field, other gauge fields, fermionic fields, and the Higgs field. It is the energy of the vacuum, which in quantum field theory is defined not as empty space but as the ground state of the fields. In cosmology, the vacuum energy is one possible explanation for the cosmological constant. A related term is zero-point field, which is the lowest energy state of a particular field.Scientists are not in agreement about how much energy is contained in the vacuum and for what purpose if any it could be used. Quantum mechanics requires the energy to be large as Paul Dirac claimed it is, like a sea of energy. Other scientists specializing in General Relativity require the energy to be small enough for curvature of space to agree with observed astronomy. Heisenberg uncertainty principle allows the energy to be as large as needed to promote quantum actions for a brief moment of time, even if the average energy is small enough to satisfy relativity and flat space. To cope with disagreements, the vacuum energy is described as a virtual energy potential of positive and negative energy.While much is known about physical laws, little is known about how the laws are contained in nature, or how the gauge group finds expression in physical actions. Much theoretical work has been done on symmetry groups and topics related to the Standard Model with expectations that a Theory of Everything might be found using fundamental principles to describe the Zero Point Energy, as well as interactions of physical laws and the observed particles of physics. An example is given that Kaluza Klein theory found the Maxwell Equations by adding a fifth dimension to Albert Einstein's field equations. Additional work is continuing in 10 to 12 dimensions of Super Symmetry to describe the vacuum and actions that occur in it. Popular choices for the unifying group are the special unitary group in five dimensions SU(5) and the special orthogonal group in ten dimensions SO(10).
  • studyres.com © 2022
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report