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6.453 Quantum Optical Communication
6.453 Quantum Optical Communication

... Turning to Slide 10, we see that the coherent states have the desired classical limit behavior for the quadrature components of the oscillator. Their mean undergoes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude equal to the magnitude of the coherentstate eigenvalue, and their standard deviations remain c ...
of THE by 0.
of THE by 0.

... reabsorption) that is regarded as the mechanism by which the electron interacts with the zero-point field. It must be emphasized that this mechanism of photon emission and absorption is a very convenient way of handling radiation problems. ...
t - CSIC
t - CSIC

... Reeh- Schlieder Th. There are no local number operators in QFT Unruh Effect There is no unique total number operator in free QFT ...
Quantum Fluctuations of Mass for a Mirror in Vacuum
Quantum Fluctuations of Mass for a Mirror in Vacuum

... be neglected (h̄ω ≪< m >). For low frequencies (smaller than the reflection cut-off Ω), mass is practically constant (15), and equation of motion (19) is well approximated by the Newton law. Then, linear response formalism provides a consistent treatment of quantum fluctations of field and scatterer ...
Breakdown of the static approximation in itinerant - HAL
Breakdown of the static approximation in itinerant - HAL

... is believed to be valid when the temperature is higher than the excitation energies of the auxiliary field, e.g., spin wave energies. The separation into classical and quantum parts ...
the technical page
the technical page

... If we were fully deterministic, as in general relativity, we would have Tr(EIE*I) = 9 which would imply ¦V¦² = 9 too, as <0¦0> = 1 and so, V would be a universal constant of amplitude 3 that could be brought back to zero only shifting the reference level. However, the real physical situation is stoc ...
Redalyc.Atomic radiative corrections without QED: role of the zero
Redalyc.Atomic radiative corrections without QED: role of the zero

... The random zero-point radiation field (ZPF) of mean energy ~ω/2 per normal mode, taken as a real field, has been shown in a series of recent papers [1-3] to be responsible for the basic quantum properties of matter. In particular, the usual quantum description, as afforded e.g. by the Schrödinger e ...
Lecture XVII
Lecture XVII

... high energies, so that this region will be unobservable as a result of the uncertainty principle. Thus, the quantum harmonic oscillator smoothly crosses over to become classical oscillator. This crossing over from quantum to classical behaviour was called ...
Dirac`s hole theory and the Pauli principle: clearing up the confusion.
Dirac`s hole theory and the Pauli principle: clearing up the confusion.

... in their unperturbed state  01, p and a positive energy electron   as defined by (4.3). We then apply an electric potential. The result is that each wave function evolves from its initial state in accordance with the Dirac equation. We find that the change in energy of the vacuum electrons fro ...
Gluon fluctuations in vacuum
Gluon fluctuations in vacuum

... the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it.” ...
Quantum fluctuations and the Casimir effect
Quantum fluctuations and the Casimir effect

... add noise to the signal to comply with Heisenberg principle. • This noise is due to the original shot-noise, that is, before coupling to the signal, and the new one arising due to this coupling. ...
casimir effect in external magnetic field
casimir effect in external magnetic field

... a Dirac quantum field under antiperiodic boundary conditions. This choice of geometry and external fields avoids technical difficulties and focuses our attention on the fundamental issue. The fermionic Casimir effect was first calculated by Johnson [2] for applications in the MIT bag model. For a ma ...
Quantum vacuum in de Sitter spacetime
Quantum vacuum in de Sitter spacetime

... the Einstein equations with the positive cosmological constant Due to the high symmetry numerous physical problems are exactly solvable on dS background and a Better understanding of physical effects in this bulk could serve as a handle to deal with more complicated geometries In most inflationary m ...
Document
Document

... Dv=±1 Dv=+1: absorption Dv=-1: emission If an oscillator has only one frequency associated with it, then it can only interact with radiation of that frequency. Selection rules limit the number of allowed transitions ...
Aalborg Universitet Beyond the Modern Physics and Cosmological Equations
Aalborg Universitet Beyond the Modern Physics and Cosmological Equations

... analyzed. This review can be a step to combine general relativity and quantum mechanics. Zero-point energy, also called quantum vacuum zero-point energy, is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical physical system may have; it is the energy of its ground state. All quantum mechanical sys ...
Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum
Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum

... over a hundred years ago William James had noted, "Our normal waking consciousness...is but one special type of consciousness, whilst all about it, parted from it by the filmiest of screens, there lie potential forms of consciousness entirely different. We may go through life without suspecting thei ...
Chapter8
Chapter8

... In exact resonance (δ = 0) the states would be degenerate in the case without coupling. However, a classical field couples the two bare states which mix and form the dressed states. Instead of a crossing a pronounced anti-crossing is observed. The splitting is proportional to the Rabi-frequency and ...
to the full version  in PDF
to the full version in PDF

... H.E.Puthoff proposed in his article[1] that gravity is a form of long-range van der Waals force associated with the Zitterbewegung of elementary particles in response to zero-point fluctuations(ZPF) of the vacuum. Prof. Biefeld and T.T.Brown discovered that a sufficiently charged capacitor with diel ...
TALK - ECM-UB
TALK - ECM-UB

... calculating the polarization operator of gravitons arising from particle loops in the linearized gravity, cf. Gorbar-Shapiro, JHEP 02(2003)21 • In the physical mass-dependent renormalization scheme an arbitrary parameter μ is usually traded for a Euclidean momentum p. • In QCD, for example, one writ ...
Can the vacuum energy be dark matter?
Can the vacuum energy be dark matter?

... • Vacuum energy of fundamental fields due to quantum fluctuations (uncertainty principle): – massive scalar: ...
An Electromagnetic Basis for Inertia and Gravitation
An Electromagnetic Basis for Inertia and Gravitation

... Newton’s second law, his equation of motion F=ma, is arguably regarded as the origin of physics. Forces and accelerations are perceptible phenomena, and from the equation of motion one infers that matter possesses a property called inertial mass. Note that it is impossible to directly perceive this ...
review of experimental concepts for studying the quantum vacuum
review of experimental concepts for studying the quantum vacuum

... In SED the origin of the ZPF comes as a direct consequence of the fundamental assumptions. SED is just the ordinary classical electrodynamics of Maxwell and Lorentz where instead of taking the homogeneous solution of the source-free differential wave equations for the electromagnetic potentials, as ...
Quantum fluctuations stabilize skyrmion textures A. Rold´an-Molina
Quantum fluctuations stabilize skyrmion textures A. Rold´an-Molina

... We apply this general formalism the case of a single skyrmion an isolated skyrmion. It must be noted that in the case of an ideal crystal, a single skyrmion cannot be a stable configuration. However, isolated skyrmions are observed with STM, perhaps stabilized by some surface imperfection [14]. In F ...
Is the Zero-Point Energy Real? - General Guide To Personal and
Is the Zero-Point Energy Real? - General Guide To Personal and

... Dirac was dissatisfied with this equation. It admitted negativeenergy solutions, but further, as a second-order equation, it appeared to him inconsistent with the basic structure of quantum mechanics. In particular the charge-current equation yielded a conserved quantity that was not positive defini ...
THE CASIMIR EFFECT
THE CASIMIR EFFECT

... Wigner-Eckart theorem to relate the matrix elements of different magnetic quantum numbers, it is easy to see that that the quantity ∆E (2) does not depend upon the orientation of the vector ~n, as intuitively expected. The physical meaning of Eq. (32) is rather clear. Classically, two neutral object ...
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Zero-point energy

Zero-point energy, also called quantum vacuum zero-point energy, is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical physical system may have; it is the energy of its ground state.All quantum mechanical systems undergo fluctuations even in their ground state and have an associated zero-point energy, a consequence of their wave-like nature. The uncertainty principle requires every physical system to have a zero-point energy greater than the minimum of its classical potential well. This results in motion even at absolute zero. For example, liquid helium does not freeze under atmospheric pressure at any temperature because of its zero-point energy.The concept of zero-point energy was developed by Max Planck in Germany in 1911 as a corrective term added to a zero-grounded formula developed in his original quantum theory in 1900. The term zero-point energy is a translation from the German Nullpunktsenergie.Vacuum energy is the zero-point energy of all the fields in space, which in the Standard Model includes the electromagnetic field, other gauge fields, fermionic fields, and the Higgs field. It is the energy of the vacuum, which in quantum field theory is defined not as empty space but as the ground state of the fields. In cosmology, the vacuum energy is one possible explanation for the cosmological constant. A related term is zero-point field, which is the lowest energy state of a particular field.Scientists are not in agreement about how much energy is contained in the vacuum and for what purpose if any it could be used. Quantum mechanics requires the energy to be large as Paul Dirac claimed it is, like a sea of energy. Other scientists specializing in General Relativity require the energy to be small enough for curvature of space to agree with observed astronomy. Heisenberg uncertainty principle allows the energy to be as large as needed to promote quantum actions for a brief moment of time, even if the average energy is small enough to satisfy relativity and flat space. To cope with disagreements, the vacuum energy is described as a virtual energy potential of positive and negative energy.While much is known about physical laws, little is known about how the laws are contained in nature, or how the gauge group finds expression in physical actions. Much theoretical work has been done on symmetry groups and topics related to the Standard Model with expectations that a Theory of Everything might be found using fundamental principles to describe the Zero Point Energy, as well as interactions of physical laws and the observed particles of physics. An example is given that Kaluza Klein theory found the Maxwell Equations by adding a fifth dimension to Albert Einstein's field equations. Additional work is continuing in 10 to 12 dimensions of Super Symmetry to describe the vacuum and actions that occur in it. Popular choices for the unifying group are the special unitary group in five dimensions SU(5) and the special orthogonal group in ten dimensions SO(10).
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