The Physical Vacuum: Where Particle Physics Meets Cosmology
... “ According to the general theory relativity space without eather is unthinkable; in such space there would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time, nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense..” Albert Einstein “Ather und die ...
... “ According to the general theory relativity space without eather is unthinkable; in such space there would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time, nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense..” Albert Einstein “Ather und die ...
CYL_Practice_harmonic_oscillator_rigid_rotor
... 8.7(b) Calculate the percentage change in a given energy level of a particle in a cubic box when the length of the edge of the cube is decreased by 10 per cent in each direction. 8.8(a) What is the value of n of a particle in a one-dimensional box such that the separation between neighbouring levels ...
... 8.7(b) Calculate the percentage change in a given energy level of a particle in a cubic box when the length of the edge of the cube is decreased by 10 per cent in each direction. 8.8(a) What is the value of n of a particle in a one-dimensional box such that the separation between neighbouring levels ...
Elementary Particles in the theory of relativity
... We can add an arbitrary constant to A without changing E or H, but we can also add functions. • A function of coordinates grad(f) can still be added to A without changing E or H. • A is not unique even for constant fields. ...
... We can add an arbitrary constant to A without changing E or H, but we can also add functions. • A function of coordinates grad(f) can still be added to A without changing E or H. • A is not unique even for constant fields. ...
A Fresh View for Maxwell`s Equations and Electromagnetic Wave
... periodicity of the motion and its importance will be discussed later. These constants which will make a substantial difference and their consequences will be evaluated in the present investigation. At the start, when x and n both are 0, the electromagnetic energy has a constant value given by A. It ...
... periodicity of the motion and its importance will be discussed later. These constants which will make a substantial difference and their consequences will be evaluated in the present investigation. At the start, when x and n both are 0, the electromagnetic energy has a constant value given by A. It ...
WHAT IS A PHOTON? Spontaneous emission
... Instead, one must use a new class of models that go under the heading of quantum field theory. The reasons for this necessity are relatively simple if one focuses on spontaneous emission in atoms. This is where an atom in an excited state will spontaneously decay to a lower energy state (and emit on ...
... Instead, one must use a new class of models that go under the heading of quantum field theory. The reasons for this necessity are relatively simple if one focuses on spontaneous emission in atoms. This is where an atom in an excited state will spontaneously decay to a lower energy state (and emit on ...
PHYSICS OF THE ZERO-POINT FIELD: IMPLICATIONS FOR
... for example, the absorption and reemission of the ZPF radiation results in the generation of secondary shortrange fields (even at temperatures of absolute zero) that, because of their correlating effects, result in short-range attractive forces: the so-called van der Waals forces. Similarly, in a m ...
... for example, the absorption and reemission of the ZPF radiation results in the generation of secondary shortrange fields (even at temperatures of absolute zero) that, because of their correlating effects, result in short-range attractive forces: the so-called van der Waals forces. Similarly, in a m ...
Physics with Negative Masses
... Thus, the electromagnetic field is not self-adjoint and there must exist anti-photons [9]. Why do we not see those? The explanation follows from considering the conserved quantities, mass and energy. In a matter island of the universe, two states of a certain energy difference always have a mass dif ...
... Thus, the electromagnetic field is not self-adjoint and there must exist anti-photons [9]. Why do we not see those? The explanation follows from considering the conserved quantities, mass and energy. In a matter island of the universe, two states of a certain energy difference always have a mass dif ...
Transparencies - Rencontres de Moriond
... a) Chameleon production phase: photons propagating through a region of magnetic field oscillate into chameleons • Photons travel through the glass • Chameleons see the glass as a wall - trapped b) Afterglow phase: chameleons in chamber gradually decay back into photons and are detected by a PMT ...
... a) Chameleon production phase: photons propagating through a region of magnetic field oscillate into chameleons • Photons travel through the glass • Chameleons see the glass as a wall - trapped b) Afterglow phase: chameleons in chamber gradually decay back into photons and are detected by a PMT ...
Dirac`s coincidences sixty years on
... and quantum vacuum processes, via standard General Relativity and Lorentz invariance. As inflation theory contains no detailed fieldtheoretic input, however, it cannot tell us much about the nature of this link. Yet by exploring the possibility that Dirac’s “coincidence” may be a manifestation of th ...
... and quantum vacuum processes, via standard General Relativity and Lorentz invariance. As inflation theory contains no detailed fieldtheoretic input, however, it cannot tell us much about the nature of this link. Yet by exploring the possibility that Dirac’s “coincidence” may be a manifestation of th ...
zero point field power
... quantum field and the electric and magnetic fields in the electromagnetic vacuum are fluctuating quantities. The Casimir effect is an effect in quantum electrodynamics that can be explained by the zero-point energy concept. The concept of zero-point energy originated with Max Planck in 1911. At the ...
... quantum field and the electric and magnetic fields in the electromagnetic vacuum are fluctuating quantities. The Casimir effect is an effect in quantum electrodynamics that can be explained by the zero-point energy concept. The concept of zero-point energy originated with Max Planck in 1911. At the ...
The Quantum Vacuum - Integrity Research Institute
... • The existence of a radiation resistance R necessitates a randomly fluctuating electric field V in the vacuum. • E(ω,T) is average Planck energy at temperature T ...
... • The existence of a radiation resistance R necessitates a randomly fluctuating electric field V in the vacuum. • E(ω,T) is average Planck energy at temperature T ...
Zero-point energy in the Johnson noise of resistors: Is it there? [
... Thermodynamics. Nevertheless, this argument is unable to against a more advanced objection based on fluctuations, even if we neglect the obvious problem that photon absorption is irreversible. The zero-point terms in Eqs. 4,5 represent noises and that means statistical fluctuations 12, 13 of their f ...
... Thermodynamics. Nevertheless, this argument is unable to against a more advanced objection based on fluctuations, even if we neglect the obvious problem that photon absorption is irreversible. The zero-point terms in Eqs. 4,5 represent noises and that means statistical fluctuations 12, 13 of their f ...
Quantum-electrodynamical approach to the Casimir force
... other methods have been published since for which we refer to the book of K.A.Milton [3]. Here our aim is to show that in the special case of zero temperature the right result is obtained without the detour through the extensive temperature Green’s function formalism [5]. In doing so, we evaluate Ma ...
... other methods have been published since for which we refer to the book of K.A.Milton [3]. Here our aim is to show that in the special case of zero temperature the right result is obtained without the detour through the extensive temperature Green’s function formalism [5]. In doing so, we evaluate Ma ...
Proof that Casimir force does not originate from vacuum energy
... Thus, even though Aµ does not have an explicit dependence on φ, it depends on φ implicitly due to (17). Inserting (17) into the expression for Hem (A, πA ) one gets the quantity H̃em (φ) = Hem (Ã(φ), π̃A (φ)). ...
... Thus, even though Aµ does not have an explicit dependence on φ, it depends on φ implicitly due to (17). Inserting (17) into the expression for Hem (A, πA ) one gets the quantity H̃em (φ) = Hem (Ã(φ), π̃A (φ)). ...
Understanding Nothing - University of Southampton
... But General Relativity says the energy should uniformily curve space-time… the Universe should be the size of a grapefruit!! There’s something big we don’t understand about quantum gravity – an open problem (much studied!) ...
... But General Relativity says the energy should uniformily curve space-time… the Universe should be the size of a grapefruit!! There’s something big we don’t understand about quantum gravity – an open problem (much studied!) ...
views of dark energy
... result from small oscillations around this vacuum. There were far too many approximate vacuum states, and none seemed to solve the most basic problem of all – vanishing of the cosmological constant after supersymmetry breaking. ...
... result from small oscillations around this vacuum. There were far too many approximate vacuum states, and none seemed to solve the most basic problem of all – vanishing of the cosmological constant after supersymmetry breaking. ...
Why spontaneous emission
... the zero state….When a light quanta is absorbed it is said to jump into this zero state and when one is emitted it can be considered to jump from the zero state to one in which it is physically in evidence, so that it appears to have been created. Since there is no limit to the number of light quant ...
... the zero state….When a light quanta is absorbed it is said to jump into this zero state and when one is emitted it can be considered to jump from the zero state to one in which it is physically in evidence, so that it appears to have been created. Since there is no limit to the number of light quant ...
Tunneling and the Vacuum Zero
... of the stochastic processes theory is the study of escape rates over a potential barrier. The theoretical approach, first proposed by Kramers [1], has many applications in chemistry kinetics, diffusion in solids, nucleation [2], and other phenomena [3]. The essential structure of the escape process ...
... of the stochastic processes theory is the study of escape rates over a potential barrier. The theoretical approach, first proposed by Kramers [1], has many applications in chemistry kinetics, diffusion in solids, nucleation [2], and other phenomena [3]. The essential structure of the escape process ...
Gravity as a result quantum vacuum energy density
... Mass itself is not producing gravity, gravity is a result of lower energy density (in GR described as higher curvature of space) of local areas of quantum vacuum. In the universe there is a general law of homogeneous distribution of energy (second law of thermodynamics). Because if this law quantum ...
... Mass itself is not producing gravity, gravity is a result of lower energy density (in GR described as higher curvature of space) of local areas of quantum vacuum. In the universe there is a general law of homogeneous distribution of energy (second law of thermodynamics). Because if this law quantum ...
LAMB SHIFT & VACUUM POLARIZATION CORRECTIONS TO THE
... tion, Dirac devised a relativistic wave equation that is linear in both ∂/∂t and ∇, although he succeeded in avoiding the negative probability density, negative-energy solutions still occurred. That means that an atomic electron can have both negative and positive energies. But according to the qua ...
... tion, Dirac devised a relativistic wave equation that is linear in both ∂/∂t and ∇, although he succeeded in avoiding the negative probability density, negative-energy solutions still occurred. That means that an atomic electron can have both negative and positive energies. But according to the qua ...
Vacuum Energy and Effective Potentials
... Consequently, the zero-point energy of the δϕ field remains constant, but the zero-point energy of Φ depends on the M 2 and hence on the hϕi, so let’s calculate this energy and its ...
... Consequently, the zero-point energy of the δϕ field remains constant, but the zero-point energy of Φ depends on the M 2 and hence on the hϕi, so let’s calculate this energy and its ...
What is the Regularized Casimir Vacuum Energy Density? Xinwei Kong
... The structure of these two contributions to the vaccum energy density is exactly the same as for the full Maxwell field in (4). Only the first, position-independent part will contribute to the total Casimir energy for this configuration of two parallel plates. On the other hand, for a spherical shel ...
... The structure of these two contributions to the vaccum energy density is exactly the same as for the full Maxwell field in (4). Only the first, position-independent part will contribute to the total Casimir energy for this configuration of two parallel plates. On the other hand, for a spherical shel ...
The Casimir Effect 1 Introduction
... So why didn’t we get exactly the Casimir force? The answer is that the VdW forces are not pairwise additive due to multiple scattering. Theoretically, it is possible to make the exact calculation using the VdW approach, however, the calculation is very complicated and one should try and find an alte ...
... So why didn’t we get exactly the Casimir force? The answer is that the VdW forces are not pairwise additive due to multiple scattering. Theoretically, it is possible to make the exact calculation using the VdW approach, however, the calculation is very complicated and one should try and find an alte ...
Spontaneous Teleportation of Biological Systems
... where G=Gibbs energy, H is the enthalpy (where H=U +pV), T is the thermodynamic temperature and S is the entropy. And when under conditions of constant pressure and temperature, the direction of a reaction's progress is in the direction of the lower Gibbs energy. The minimum Gibbs energy corresponds ...
... where G=Gibbs energy, H is the enthalpy (where H=U +pV), T is the thermodynamic temperature and S is the entropy. And when under conditions of constant pressure and temperature, the direction of a reaction's progress is in the direction of the lower Gibbs energy. The minimum Gibbs energy corresponds ...