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Elementary Introduction to Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime
Elementary Introduction to Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime

... (QFTCS)—a beautiful and fascinating area of fundamental physics. The application of QFTCS is required in situations when both gravitation and quantum mechanics play a significant role, for instance, in early-universe cosmology and black hole physics. The goal of this course is to introduce some of t ...
Recording zero-point current and voltage fluctuations
Recording zero-point current and voltage fluctuations

... The considered spin rotation (depolarization) in the magnetic field induced by the current will make a substantial contribution to the phase breaking at zero temperature in the weak localization problem, if the fluctuations of the electric field are suppressed. The latter condition is partially fulf ...
Fluctuations of the Electromagnetic Vacuum Field or radiation
Fluctuations of the Electromagnetic Vacuum Field or radiation

... literature. There are a number of concerns, associated with different requirements one would expect particles to satisfy, notably countability or localizability. When demanding that particles be countable and obey relativistic energy conditions, we do have grounds for thinking that a particle interp ...
The Cosmological Constant From The Viewpoint Of String Theory
The Cosmological Constant From The Viewpoint Of String Theory

... The problem of the vacuum energy density or cosmological constant – why it is zero or extremely small by particle physics standards – really only arises in the presence of gravity, since without gravity, we don’t care about the energy of the vacuum. Moreover, it is mainly a question about quantum g ...
Can Spacetime Curvature Induced Corrections to Lamb Shift Be
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... The Dirac theory in Quantum Mechanics shows: the states, 2s1/2 and 2p1/2 of hydrogen atom are degenerate. ...


... in the “vacuum” zero-point electromagnetic radiation. We show, in the first part of the paper, that the generalized Liouville equation is reduced to a simpler Liouville equation in the equilibrium limit where the small radiative corrections cancel each other approximately. This leads us to a simpler ...
the vacuum, light speed, and the redshift
the vacuum, light speed, and the redshift

... term in his equations that did not depend on temperature. Other physicists, including Einstein, found similar terms appearing in their own equations. The implication was that, even at absolute zero, each body would have some residual energy. ...
PowerPoint Version
PowerPoint Version

... A separate set of k-points, usually on a finer grid than the one used to achieve self-consistency. Same format as the Monkhorst-Pack grid. ...
Physical and Mathematical Sciences 2016, № 3, p. 37–41 Physics
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Gravity and the quantum vacuum inertia hypothesis
Gravity and the quantum vacuum inertia hypothesis

... resulting force proves to be proportional to acceleration, thus suggesting a basis for inertia of matter [1–3]. It thus appears that Newton’s equation of motion could be derived in this fashion from electrodynamics, and it has been shown that the relativistic version of the equation of motion also n ...
Gravity originates from variable energy density of
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... As we have already shown in a previous paper, the rest and relativistic mass of an elementary particle or body can be considered as having their origin in the diminished energy density of a Quantum Vacuum, characterized by a granular structure quantized through a Planck metric. The presence of massi ...
Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime
Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime

... In this lecture, we will apply the notions of particle creation by gravitational fields to black hole spacetimes. This leads to the Hawking effect [16, 17], the process by which black holes emit a thermal spectrum of particles. For the sake of definiteness, we will concentrate on the case of a massl ...
QEFS Hong Wei Yu
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... The Dirac theory in Quantum Mechanics shows: the states, 2s1/2 and 2p1/2 of hydrogen atom are degenerate. ...
Minimal modifications of the primordial power spectrum from an
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... pattern imprinted on the scalar power spectrum, this alone might be sufficient for detection. With regard to the amplitude of the correction, Ref.[20] has pointed out that local effective field theory generically allows only σ 2 and smaller effects, whereas [21] have argued that O(σ) effects are po ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Inflation, String Theory,
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... Recent probability measure proposed by Gibbons and Turok disfavors the probability of inflation. It requires that at the Planck time the potential energy density must be 12 orders of magnitude smaller than the kinetic energy. I am unaware of any physical mechanism that would enforce this requiremen ...
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... There has been much discussion regarding the Alcubierre “warp drive” metric [1] and its energy requirements [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Alcubierre showed that a negative energy density was required to make the warp drive space-time possible -- a requirement that violates the Weak, Strong, and Dominant En ...
Brane effects in vacuum currents on AdS spacetime with toroidal
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... • VEV of the current density for a massive scalar field, with arbitrary curvature coupling in the geometry of a brane, is investigated in the background of AdS spacetime with spatial topology Rp×(S1)q • The presence of a gauge field flux enclosed by compact dimensions is assumed. On the brane the fi ...
The quantum vacuum as the origin of the speed of light
The quantum vacuum as the origin of the speed of light

... All known species of charged fermions are taken into account: the three families of charged leptons e, μ and τ and the three families of quarks (u, d), (c, s) and (t, b), including their three color states. This gives a total of 21 pair species, noted i. An ephemeral fermion pair is assumed to be th ...
Estimating the Vacuum Energy Density
Estimating the Vacuum Energy Density

... The integration of this remainder over all possible frequencies results in the famous Einstein’s Nullspunktenergie, the zero-point energy, as the term has been coined in an article published by Einstein and Stern in 1913 [2]. In most quantum theories this energy is customarily regarded as a conseque ...
Cosmological constant and vacuum energy
Cosmological constant and vacuum energy

... a Lagrange multiplier or an integration constant, rather than the fundamental constant (see general discussion in Ref. [3,4]). With the development of the quantum field theory it was recognized that the λ-term is related to zero-point motion of quantum fields. It describes the energy–momentum tensor ...
Lecture 4: Quantum states of light — Fock states • Definition Fock
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... or Fock state, leads to the peculiar effect that the mean value of the electric field vanishes, no matter how many photons are contained in the state. We would like to find other quantum states that resemble classical light more closely. In particular, we wish to find a quantum state in which the electr ...
The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator

... Einstein utilized the 3N uncoupled harmonic oscillators to approximate the heat capacity of a crystal lattice, and approximation far more accurate than the classical one but corrected upon by Debye to deal with the fact that all the oscillators are actually coupled, and provides a good solution for ...
FROM ANTI-GRAVITY TO ZERO-POINT ENERGY
FROM ANTI-GRAVITY TO ZERO-POINT ENERGY

... With the general failure of Grand Unification Theories so far to incorporate gravity into electromagnetics, it would appear to the casual observer that little real progress is being made toward truly advanced electrical, or EM-stimulated propulsion. That this is not the case is evidenced by the larg ...
Aalborg Universitet Zero Point Energy and the Dirac Equation Forouzbakhsh, Farshid
Aalborg Universitet Zero Point Energy and the Dirac Equation Forouzbakhsh, Farshid

... 1 Introduction Zero Point Energy (ZPE), or vacuum fluctuation energy, are terms used to describe the random electromagnetic oscillations that are left in a vacuum after all other energy has been removed. The concept of zero-point energy was first proposed by Albert Einstein and Otto Stern in 1913, a ...
Topological Casimir effect in nanotubes and nanoloops
Topological Casimir effect in nanotubes and nanoloops

... In quantum field theory the ultraviolet divergences in the VEVs of physical observables bilinear in the field are determined by the local geometrical characteristics of the bulk and boundary On the background of standard AdS geometry with non-compact dimensions the VEV of the current density in the ...
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Zero-point energy

Zero-point energy, also called quantum vacuum zero-point energy, is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical physical system may have; it is the energy of its ground state.All quantum mechanical systems undergo fluctuations even in their ground state and have an associated zero-point energy, a consequence of their wave-like nature. The uncertainty principle requires every physical system to have a zero-point energy greater than the minimum of its classical potential well. This results in motion even at absolute zero. For example, liquid helium does not freeze under atmospheric pressure at any temperature because of its zero-point energy.The concept of zero-point energy was developed by Max Planck in Germany in 1911 as a corrective term added to a zero-grounded formula developed in his original quantum theory in 1900. The term zero-point energy is a translation from the German Nullpunktsenergie.Vacuum energy is the zero-point energy of all the fields in space, which in the Standard Model includes the electromagnetic field, other gauge fields, fermionic fields, and the Higgs field. It is the energy of the vacuum, which in quantum field theory is defined not as empty space but as the ground state of the fields. In cosmology, the vacuum energy is one possible explanation for the cosmological constant. A related term is zero-point field, which is the lowest energy state of a particular field.Scientists are not in agreement about how much energy is contained in the vacuum and for what purpose if any it could be used. Quantum mechanics requires the energy to be large as Paul Dirac claimed it is, like a sea of energy. Other scientists specializing in General Relativity require the energy to be small enough for curvature of space to agree with observed astronomy. Heisenberg uncertainty principle allows the energy to be as large as needed to promote quantum actions for a brief moment of time, even if the average energy is small enough to satisfy relativity and flat space. To cope with disagreements, the vacuum energy is described as a virtual energy potential of positive and negative energy.While much is known about physical laws, little is known about how the laws are contained in nature, or how the gauge group finds expression in physical actions. Much theoretical work has been done on symmetry groups and topics related to the Standard Model with expectations that a Theory of Everything might be found using fundamental principles to describe the Zero Point Energy, as well as interactions of physical laws and the observed particles of physics. An example is given that Kaluza Klein theory found the Maxwell Equations by adding a fifth dimension to Albert Einstein's field equations. Additional work is continuing in 10 to 12 dimensions of Super Symmetry to describe the vacuum and actions that occur in it. Popular choices for the unifying group are the special unitary group in five dimensions SU(5) and the special orthogonal group in ten dimensions SO(10).
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