Trichromatic theory of color vision
... required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred. It is the minimum change in stimulation required to detect the difference between two stimuli, so it is also called the “just noticeable difference” (Nittrouer & Lowenstein, 2007). • The stimulus value that constitutes a just noticeable di ...
... required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred. It is the minimum change in stimulation required to detect the difference between two stimuli, so it is also called the “just noticeable difference” (Nittrouer & Lowenstein, 2007). • The stimulus value that constitutes a just noticeable di ...
Object Shape Differences Reflected by Somatosensory Cortical
... discriminated ellipsoids in the round set, and in the other they discriminated ellipsoids in the oblong set. The subjects were unaware of the ellipsoids being divided into two sets. The subjects discriminated the oblongness of ellipsoids within a set only. Before the PET measurements, the volunteers ...
... discriminated ellipsoids in the round set, and in the other they discriminated ellipsoids in the oblong set. The subjects were unaware of the ellipsoids being divided into two sets. The subjects discriminated the oblongness of ellipsoids within a set only. Before the PET measurements, the volunteers ...
Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with
... MFG, and IFG, respectively), and the volume of the thalamus and hippocampus. Volumes of the MFG and IFG were included because dorso- and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex is a critical component of the working memory system. The thalamus is also an important component of the working memory system (Mi ...
... MFG, and IFG, respectively), and the volume of the thalamus and hippocampus. Volumes of the MFG and IFG were included because dorso- and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex is a critical component of the working memory system. The thalamus is also an important component of the working memory system (Mi ...
Chapter 16: Consciousness
... When TMS is applied to the early visual cortex, conscious perception of the stimulus is suppressed only when TMS is administered 100 ms after the stimulus, disrupting recurrent processing. There is a possibility that recurrent processing may be used as a neural marker of consciousness. However, li ...
... When TMS is applied to the early visual cortex, conscious perception of the stimulus is suppressed only when TMS is administered 100 ms after the stimulus, disrupting recurrent processing. There is a possibility that recurrent processing may be used as a neural marker of consciousness. However, li ...
unexpected - Revista Pesquisa Fapesp
... barrier (hematoencephalic) lines the brain’s blood vessels and controls the passage of various compounds. Therefore, when treating brain inflammation, doctors must increase the dose of the drug, in hopes that a greater proportion may overcome the hematoencephalic barrier, which operates like a parti ...
... barrier (hematoencephalic) lines the brain’s blood vessels and controls the passage of various compounds. Therefore, when treating brain inflammation, doctors must increase the dose of the drug, in hopes that a greater proportion may overcome the hematoencephalic barrier, which operates like a parti ...
Di (n)-Butyl Phthalate Induced Neuronal Perturbations in Rat Brain
... Journal of Bioscience And Technology www.jbstonline.com ...
... Journal of Bioscience And Technology www.jbstonline.com ...
Vigneau et al.
... imaging is not based on the historical order followed by the development of linguistic theories (namely syntactic, semantic, and then pragmatic), but rather on the hierarchical linguistic complexity of the verbal stimuli, namely, phonological, semantic, and syntactic (Tables 1, 2, and 3). Such a hie ...
... imaging is not based on the historical order followed by the development of linguistic theories (namely syntactic, semantic, and then pragmatic), but rather on the hierarchical linguistic complexity of the verbal stimuli, namely, phonological, semantic, and syntactic (Tables 1, 2, and 3). Such a hie ...
The Biology of Mind - American International School
... Neurons transmit messages when stimulated by signals from our senses or when triggered by chemical signals from neighboring neurons. In response, a neuron fires an impulse, called the action potential—a brief electrical charge that travels down its axon. Depending on the type of fiber, a neural impu ...
... Neurons transmit messages when stimulated by signals from our senses or when triggered by chemical signals from neighboring neurons. In response, a neuron fires an impulse, called the action potential—a brief electrical charge that travels down its axon. Depending on the type of fiber, a neural impu ...
Embryonic development of the Drosophila brain: formation of
... prospero-expressing ventral neurogenic regions. As neurogenesis proceeds, prospero-expressing cells extend from the brain to the ventral nerve cord, thus establishing cellular contiguity around the ingrowing foregut (Fig. 1F,I). This is where the circumesophageal connectives will form. Formation of ...
... prospero-expressing ventral neurogenic regions. As neurogenesis proceeds, prospero-expressing cells extend from the brain to the ventral nerve cord, thus establishing cellular contiguity around the ingrowing foregut (Fig. 1F,I). This is where the circumesophageal connectives will form. Formation of ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... FIGURE 2.20 A circle is flashed to the left brain of a split-brain patient, and he is asked what he saw. He easily replies, “A circle.” He can also pick out the circle by merely touching shapes with his right hand, out of sight behind a screen. However, his left hand can’t identify the circle. If a ...
... FIGURE 2.20 A circle is flashed to the left brain of a split-brain patient, and he is asked what he saw. He easily replies, “A circle.” He can also pick out the circle by merely touching shapes with his right hand, out of sight behind a screen. However, his left hand can’t identify the circle. If a ...
Disrupted small-world networks in schizophrenia
... suggested altered small-world properties in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI data. However, a key problem with that study is that only two networks (one for each group) were constructed; thus the results were descriptive and no statistical conclusion was able to be drawn. Micheloyannis et a ...
... suggested altered small-world properties in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI data. However, a key problem with that study is that only two networks (one for each group) were constructed; thus the results were descriptive and no statistical conclusion was able to be drawn. Micheloyannis et a ...
Supplemental Text Box 1 The Neurobiology of Arousal The defense
... The defense cascade starts with an increase in the level of arousal, when the danger or potential danger is first identified. Arousal is not just an increase in alertness. It includes bodily changes and a move away from homeostasis. The most important changes are autonomic and are mediated by an inc ...
... The defense cascade starts with an increase in the level of arousal, when the danger or potential danger is first identified. Arousal is not just an increase in alertness. It includes bodily changes and a move away from homeostasis. The most important changes are autonomic and are mediated by an inc ...
Learning pattern recognition and decision making in the insect brain
... Temporal dynamics in the Antennal Lobe The antennal lobe receives the input from the olfactory receptor cells that deliver the information into particular sets of glomeruli. The neural network in the AL is made of projection neurons (PNs), which are excitatory, and lateral neurons (LNs), which are m ...
... Temporal dynamics in the Antennal Lobe The antennal lobe receives the input from the olfactory receptor cells that deliver the information into particular sets of glomeruli. The neural network in the AL is made of projection neurons (PNs), which are excitatory, and lateral neurons (LNs), which are m ...
New frontiers in neuroimaging applications to inborn errors of
... nervous system resulting in chronic encephalopathy, though the etiopathophysiology of neurological injury have not been fully established in many disorders. Shared mechanisms can be envisioned such as oxidative injury due to over-activation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors with subsequent gl ...
... nervous system resulting in chronic encephalopathy, though the etiopathophysiology of neurological injury have not been fully established in many disorders. Shared mechanisms can be envisioned such as oxidative injury due to over-activation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors with subsequent gl ...
The Neurobiology of EMDR: Exploring the
... visual, and tactile EMDR stimuli facilitate the bilateral stimulation of relevant thalamo-cingulate tracts, gradually stimulating and deactivating the affective (ventral) subdivision of the anterior cingulate gyrus, allowing, then, for the stimulation and activation of the cognitive (dorsal) subdivi ...
... visual, and tactile EMDR stimuli facilitate the bilateral stimulation of relevant thalamo-cingulate tracts, gradually stimulating and deactivating the affective (ventral) subdivision of the anterior cingulate gyrus, allowing, then, for the stimulation and activation of the cognitive (dorsal) subdivi ...
Before and below `theory of mind`: embodied
... finger movements (Iacoboni et al. 1999), as well as in learning previously never-practised complex motor acts (Buccino et al. 2004b). A recent study by Buxbaum et al. (2005) on posterior parietal neurological patients with ‘ideomotor apraxia’ has shown that they were not only disproportionately impa ...
... finger movements (Iacoboni et al. 1999), as well as in learning previously never-practised complex motor acts (Buccino et al. 2004b). A recent study by Buxbaum et al. (2005) on posterior parietal neurological patients with ‘ideomotor apraxia’ has shown that they were not only disproportionately impa ...
Understanding Structural-Functional Relationships in the Human
... SC-FC correlations across the cerebral cortex. For example, Koch and others (2002) compared white matter SC with R-fMRI FC within a single axial slice of the human brain and reported that the regions that are linked by dense SC tend to also be strongly connected functionally. These authors also show ...
... SC-FC correlations across the cerebral cortex. For example, Koch and others (2002) compared white matter SC with R-fMRI FC within a single axial slice of the human brain and reported that the regions that are linked by dense SC tend to also be strongly connected functionally. These authors also show ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children with Hearing Loss – Part Two
... This lack of distribution of auditory stimulation to the second during the first three years of life had P1 latencies that were ary auditory cortex and then to the rest of the brain explains similar to children with normal auditory function (Fig. 9). In why a teenager who was born deaf and never ha ...
... This lack of distribution of auditory stimulation to the second during the first three years of life had P1 latencies that were ary auditory cortex and then to the rest of the brain explains similar to children with normal auditory function (Fig. 9). In why a teenager who was born deaf and never ha ...
Responses of the Human Brain to Mild Dehydration and
... BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As yet, there are no in vivo data on tissue water changes and associated morphometric changes involved in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial mea ...
... BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As yet, there are no in vivo data on tissue water changes and associated morphometric changes involved in the osmo-adaptation of normal brains. Our aim was to evaluate osmoadaptive responses of the healthy human brain to osmotic challenges of de- and rehydration by serial mea ...
LANGUAGE, MIND AND COMPUTATION (November 12, 2014
... character of computations which are formal or meaning-free operations on linguistic representations that are not instantiated by reference to contents or interpretations of linguistic representations. Language, Mind and Computation probes into the issue of how language, mind and computation mesh or ...
... character of computations which are formal or meaning-free operations on linguistic representations that are not instantiated by reference to contents or interpretations of linguistic representations. Language, Mind and Computation probes into the issue of how language, mind and computation mesh or ...
Investigating pain networks in the spinal cord using functional MRI
... the brainstem region, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), have been known for decades to play an important role in the perception of pain [1] . Electrical stimulation of the PAG appears to eliminate pain, but the effect of this stimulation is incompl ...
... the brainstem region, such as periaqueductal gray (PAG) matter and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), have been known for decades to play an important role in the perception of pain [1] . Electrical stimulation of the PAG appears to eliminate pain, but the effect of this stimulation is incompl ...
Chapter 14: Brain Control of Movement
... The Planning of Movement by the Cerebral Cortex The Contributions of Posterior Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex (Cont’d) Anterior frontal lobes: Abstract thought, decision making and anticipating consequences of action Area 6: Actions converted into signals specifying how actions will be performed Pe ...
... The Planning of Movement by the Cerebral Cortex The Contributions of Posterior Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex (Cont’d) Anterior frontal lobes: Abstract thought, decision making and anticipating consequences of action Area 6: Actions converted into signals specifying how actions will be performed Pe ...
Bioinspired Computing Lecture 5
... Today... From biology to information processing At the turn of the 21st century, “how does it work” remains an open question. But even the kernel of understanding and simplified models we already have for various brain function are priceless, in providing useful intuition and powerful tools for bio ...
... Today... From biology to information processing At the turn of the 21st century, “how does it work” remains an open question. But even the kernel of understanding and simplified models we already have for various brain function are priceless, in providing useful intuition and powerful tools for bio ...
Neurolinguistics
Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methodology and theory from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, neurobiology, communication disorders, neuropsychology, and computer science. Researchers are drawn to the field from a variety of backgrounds, bringing along a variety of experimental techniques as well as widely varying theoretical perspectives. Much work in neurolinguistics is informed by models in psycholinguistics and theoretical linguistics, and is focused on investigating how the brain can implement the processes that theoretical and psycholinguistics propose are necessary in producing and comprehending language. Neurolinguists study the physiological mechanisms by which the brain processes information related to language, and evaluate linguistic and psycholinguistic theories, using aphasiology, brain imaging, electrophysiology, and computer modeling.