the amygdala and reward
... if at all (but see REFS 4,5). However, there is considerable experimental evidence that the amygdala has a role in the processing of positive emotions, particularly in specific kinds of stimulus–reward learning. This review explores selected aspects of this evidence. Contributions from experimental ...
... if at all (but see REFS 4,5). However, there is considerable experimental evidence that the amygdala has a role in the processing of positive emotions, particularly in specific kinds of stimulus–reward learning. This review explores selected aspects of this evidence. Contributions from experimental ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... MR data are to generate statistical maps of significant temporal BOLD connections between brain regions (functional connectivity) and study differences in patients or changes after an intervention. In standard analyses one assumes ...
... MR data are to generate statistical maps of significant temporal BOLD connections between brain regions (functional connectivity) and study differences in patients or changes after an intervention. In standard analyses one assumes ...
NIH Public Access
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
... Despite the compelling empirical support for this model of PTSD pathophysiology, there are strong reasons to seek additional corroborative evidence. Whereas conditioned fear can be measured across species with relatively simple autonomic or behavioral responses that may even occur non-consciously in ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... nose poking necessary for the tactile task is part of the rats’ natural behavioral repertoire. These overall changes in the dyad behavior, irrespective of their direction (e.g. increased or decreased latency), are a clear indicator that a fundamentally more complex system emerged from the operation ...
... nose poking necessary for the tactile task is part of the rats’ natural behavioral repertoire. These overall changes in the dyad behavior, irrespective of their direction (e.g. increased or decreased latency), are a clear indicator that a fundamentally more complex system emerged from the operation ...
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
... about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation associated with spontaneous low-frequency ...
... about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation associated with spontaneous low-frequency ...
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
... pattern separation, Gilbert et al. (1998) developed a behavioral paradigm based on measuring short-term memory for spatial location information as a function of spatial similarity between two spatial locations. The results indicated that lesions of the hippocampus decrease efficiency in spatial patt ...
... pattern separation, Gilbert et al. (1998) developed a behavioral paradigm based on measuring short-term memory for spatial location information as a function of spatial similarity between two spatial locations. The results indicated that lesions of the hippocampus decrease efficiency in spatial patt ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... could be observed, even after staining with either toluidine blue or uranyl acetate and lead citrate, suggesting that the difference in the thickness of sections has no effect on the degree of tissue shrinkage. The only significant and measurable shrinkage was observed in most of the specimens durin ...
... could be observed, even after staining with either toluidine blue or uranyl acetate and lead citrate, suggesting that the difference in the thickness of sections has no effect on the degree of tissue shrinkage. The only significant and measurable shrinkage was observed in most of the specimens durin ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... of two frontal eye field loci evokes a saccade that is approximately the mean of the characteristic saccades at the two sites (54). Although the phenomenology of these evoked saccades is well described, it has not been shown how, if at all, they are related to the functional physiology of this corte ...
... of two frontal eye field loci evokes a saccade that is approximately the mean of the characteristic saccades at the two sites (54). Although the phenomenology of these evoked saccades is well described, it has not been shown how, if at all, they are related to the functional physiology of this corte ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... subsequently the cognitive or informational aspects. Our approach is sustained by studies investigating DA modulation on global-field dynamics, as revealed by local activity of neural populations (local field potentials), since arousal function can be better explained by large-scale energetic states ...
... subsequently the cognitive or informational aspects. Our approach is sustained by studies investigating DA modulation on global-field dynamics, as revealed by local activity of neural populations (local field potentials), since arousal function can be better explained by large-scale energetic states ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... using a Grass LM-4 lesion maker. The electrode approach was made through a 4 mm hole in the skull over the contralateral hemisphere, at an anterior-posterior level corresponding to that of the LGN. The electrode angle was 55~ from the vertical. The electrode track passed through the corpus callosum ...
... using a Grass LM-4 lesion maker. The electrode approach was made through a 4 mm hole in the skull over the contralateral hemisphere, at an anterior-posterior level corresponding to that of the LGN. The electrode angle was 55~ from the vertical. The electrode track passed through the corpus callosum ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... interval (ISI) distribution histograms. Neurons were included in the analysis if they maintained stable spike isolation throughout a recording session and their distribution histograms showed an absence of ISIs ⬍2 ms (the refractory period). In this study, we focused on baseline activity during the ...
... interval (ISI) distribution histograms. Neurons were included in the analysis if they maintained stable spike isolation throughout a recording session and their distribution histograms showed an absence of ISIs ⬍2 ms (the refractory period). In this study, we focused on baseline activity during the ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... respect to the exact position on the retina, size, and even view. Forming invariant representations involves a great deal of cortical computation in the hierarchy of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008d, 2012a, 2016c). The funda ...
... respect to the exact position on the retina, size, and even view. Forming invariant representations involves a great deal of cortical computation in the hierarchy of visual cortical areas from the primary visual cortex V1 to the inferior temporal visual cortex (Rolls, 2008d, 2012a, 2016c). The funda ...
... to habitual, compulsive drug abuse. Some have analysed if cocaine alterations are associated with consumption patterns, effect of abstinence and treatment maintenance. This thesis aims to give more evidence regarding the brain changes subserving alterations in cognitive and motivational processing i ...
Temperature manipulation in songbird brain implicates the premotor
... Auditory feedback is known to affect Bengalese finch song syntax in real-time (21) To account for this, we extended the model to include syllable-specific auditory feedback that influences the HVC dynamics via synapses that innervate the chains of HVCRA neurons (20, 23) . The auditory inputs for a g ...
... Auditory feedback is known to affect Bengalese finch song syntax in real-time (21) To account for this, we extended the model to include syllable-specific auditory feedback that influences the HVC dynamics via synapses that innervate the chains of HVCRA neurons (20, 23) . The auditory inputs for a g ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
The neurobiology of Meditation and its clinical effectiveness in
... up-regulation in brain regions of internalised attention and emotion processing with Meditation. Many electrophysiological studies have examined the brain activation during a variety of concentrative Meditation techniques. A common finding has been that of increased low frequency activation of theta ...
... up-regulation in brain regions of internalised attention and emotion processing with Meditation. Many electrophysiological studies have examined the brain activation during a variety of concentrative Meditation techniques. A common finding has been that of increased low frequency activation of theta ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) has been implicated as a mechanism of ischemia/hypoxia-induced cerebral injury. The current study was designed to explore the involvement of p38 MAPK in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) by observing the changes in ...
... Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) has been implicated as a mechanism of ischemia/hypoxia-induced cerebral injury. The current study was designed to explore the involvement of p38 MAPK in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) by observing the changes in ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... Buchsbaum et al. 1990; Andreasen et al. 1992, 1996) and structural abnormalities were found in frontal and temporal brain regions in schizophrenia, including the prefrontal cortex, the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala (e.g., Kovelman and Scheibel 1984; Bogerts et al. 1985; Jakob ...
... Buchsbaum et al. 1990; Andreasen et al. 1992, 1996) and structural abnormalities were found in frontal and temporal brain regions in schizophrenia, including the prefrontal cortex, the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala (e.g., Kovelman and Scheibel 1984; Bogerts et al. 1985; Jakob ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
... Lateral prefrontal and intraparietal cortices have strong connectional and functional associations but it is unclear how their common visuomotor, perceptual and working memory functions arise. The hierarchical scheme of cortical processing assumes that prefrontal cortex issues ‘feedback’ projections ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... posterior (A-P) axis, relative to bregma, with positive values anterior to bregma; along the medial/lateral (M-L) axis, relative to the midline; and, in dorsal/ventral (D-V) axis, relative to pia. Where two depths are listed, injections were made at both depths. ...
... posterior (A-P) axis, relative to bregma, with positive values anterior to bregma; along the medial/lateral (M-L) axis, relative to the midline; and, in dorsal/ventral (D-V) axis, relative to pia. Where two depths are listed, injections were made at both depths. ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... is the pattern of connection between eulaminate areas with different laminar organization? What is the relative distribution of projection neurons or axonal terminals in different layers when structurally distinct cortices, in general, are connected? The present study addresses these questions by fo ...
... is the pattern of connection between eulaminate areas with different laminar organization? What is the relative distribution of projection neurons or axonal terminals in different layers when structurally distinct cortices, in general, are connected? The present study addresses these questions by fo ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... presence of mirror neurons in humans (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004; Dinstein, 2008), simply because it is much harder and can often only be done in patients giving consent. There is, however, an increasing amount of evidence that, like monkeys, humans also possess brain areas with mirror properties. ...
... presence of mirror neurons in humans (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004; Dinstein, 2008), simply because it is much harder and can often only be done in patients giving consent. There is, however, an increasing amount of evidence that, like monkeys, humans also possess brain areas with mirror properties. ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...