Applications of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve State-of-the-Art Update
... information on efficacy, mode of application, treatment outcomes, and neurophysiological mechanisms relevant to this modality. Investigators have become far more specific when presenting this information in the current literature on treating acute pain conditions with TENS than they were in the lite ...
... information on efficacy, mode of application, treatment outcomes, and neurophysiological mechanisms relevant to this modality. Investigators have become far more specific when presenting this information in the current literature on treating acute pain conditions with TENS than they were in the lite ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... week of life. As a consequence, there is a movement towards using the ABR as a universal screening procedure for all children to test for auditory function and possibly other medical issues. ABR recordings can be used to find auditory threshold and normal waveform patterns. By screening early, child ...
... week of life. As a consequence, there is a movement towards using the ABR as a universal screening procedure for all children to test for auditory function and possibly other medical issues. ABR recordings can be used to find auditory threshold and normal waveform patterns. By screening early, child ...
The Auditory System
... closed by the base of the stapes, so that vibrations of the auditory ossicles are transmitted to the perilymph of the inner ear. Motion of the auditory ossicles is modified by two small middle ear muscles, the tensor tympani and the stapedius. The tensor tympani is the largest of the two. It is atta ...
... closed by the base of the stapes, so that vibrations of the auditory ossicles are transmitted to the perilymph of the inner ear. Motion of the auditory ossicles is modified by two small middle ear muscles, the tensor tympani and the stapedius. The tensor tympani is the largest of the two. It is atta ...
glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate
... Inactivation of amino acid neurotransmitters is generally held to be via high-affinity uptake into pre-synaptic neurones and glia, a model well established for monoaminergic systems. GABA, for instance, is taken up at high affinity by glia and GABAergic neurones, and the two uptake systems have been ...
... Inactivation of amino acid neurotransmitters is generally held to be via high-affinity uptake into pre-synaptic neurones and glia, a model well established for monoaminergic systems. GABA, for instance, is taken up at high affinity by glia and GABAergic neurones, and the two uptake systems have been ...
Sample
... 20) Damaged axons can be repaired in the body, but not in the brain or spinal cord. Only ______ cells generate axonal regrowth after an injury. A) Schwann cells injury. B) neurons C) stem cells D) red blood cells ...
... 20) Damaged axons can be repaired in the body, but not in the brain or spinal cord. Only ______ cells generate axonal regrowth after an injury. A) Schwann cells injury. B) neurons C) stem cells D) red blood cells ...
SLEEP
... Perhaps simpler tasks don’t need REM sleep but complex ones do or new knowledge do (Pearlman, 1979; Stickgold, 2001) ...
... Perhaps simpler tasks don’t need REM sleep but complex ones do or new knowledge do (Pearlman, 1979; Stickgold, 2001) ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... With respect to the animal studies, we included studies only on nonhuman primates: just as in humans, the STN in nonhuman primates is a closed nucleus (i.e., dendrites are restricted to the nucleus), in contrast for example to the rat STN (Smith et al., 1990; Marani et al., 2008). With respect to th ...
... With respect to the animal studies, we included studies only on nonhuman primates: just as in humans, the STN in nonhuman primates is a closed nucleus (i.e., dendrites are restricted to the nucleus), in contrast for example to the rat STN (Smith et al., 1990; Marani et al., 2008). With respect to th ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... are only about 0.7 mM. Plasma glucose levels were approximately 5 mM in these studies (E.C. McNay, personal communication). Interestingly, while hippocampal glucose levels fell by 32% during a test of spatial memory in adult Sprague –Dawley rats, striatal levels were unaffected. When glucose was inj ...
... are only about 0.7 mM. Plasma glucose levels were approximately 5 mM in these studies (E.C. McNay, personal communication). Interestingly, while hippocampal glucose levels fell by 32% during a test of spatial memory in adult Sprague –Dawley rats, striatal levels were unaffected. When glucose was inj ...
The Mammalian Diving Response: An Enigmatic Reflex to Preserve
... also increase in response to seasons and training in semi-aquatic muskrats (137, 138, 139), suggesting increased blood oxygen stores. Besides the increase in hemoglobin and myoglobin in diving mammals, their brains contain other globins (neuroglobin and cytoglobin) that are elevated compared with te ...
... also increase in response to seasons and training in semi-aquatic muskrats (137, 138, 139), suggesting increased blood oxygen stores. Besides the increase in hemoglobin and myoglobin in diving mammals, their brains contain other globins (neuroglobin and cytoglobin) that are elevated compared with te ...
1№S€EN1>IMÎ PATHWAYS FROM ТИК BRAIN STEM ТО ТИК
... 2) injection of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This technique was adopted from Kristensson et al. ('71), LaVail and LaVail ('72), and LaVail et al. ('73). Following laminectomy and incision of the dura, the enzyme HRP (type VI, Sigma) was injected under direct vision into the spinal cord ( ...
... 2) injection of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This technique was adopted from Kristensson et al. ('71), LaVail and LaVail ('72), and LaVail et al. ('73). Following laminectomy and incision of the dura, the enzyme HRP (type VI, Sigma) was injected under direct vision into the spinal cord ( ...
Physiology of cerebral venous blood flow: from experimental data in
... before terminating at the confluence of sinuses [49]. Except from the anatomical variations of the basal veins, the system of the inner cerebral veins remains relatively constant compared to the superficial cortical venous system [51,88]. Medullar veins can be subdivided into two different subgroups ...
... before terminating at the confluence of sinuses [49]. Except from the anatomical variations of the basal veins, the system of the inner cerebral veins remains relatively constant compared to the superficial cortical venous system [51,88]. Medullar veins can be subdivided into two different subgroups ...
View PDF - MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit
... sampled at 400 Hz. All biopotentials were digitized on-line with a PC running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG art ...
... sampled at 400 Hz. All biopotentials were digitized on-line with a PC running Spike2 acquisition and analysis software (version 4; Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK). Data from the recording session were first scrutinized for ECG and respiration artifacts. LFP data contaminated with ECG art ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... the Institutional Review Board at the Einstein Medical Centre. To determine the precise localization of their lesion, participants were asked to undergo structural MRI or CT brain imaging under a protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School. In ...
... the Institutional Review Board at the Einstein Medical Centre. To determine the precise localization of their lesion, participants were asked to undergo structural MRI or CT brain imaging under a protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School. In ...
Chapter.ID_5968_7x10CORRECTED
... hypotaurine and taurine and that astrocytes release both products of cysteine metabolism into the medium (21). In fact, these experiments promoted the view that synthesis of taurine and hypotaurine was of greater importance in cysteine metabolism than GSH synthesis. To investigate this, Vitvitsky et ...
... hypotaurine and taurine and that astrocytes release both products of cysteine metabolism into the medium (21). In fact, these experiments promoted the view that synthesis of taurine and hypotaurine was of greater importance in cysteine metabolism than GSH synthesis. To investigate this, Vitvitsky et ...
Imaging Auditory Representations of Song and Syllables in
... LSM 510, Carl Zeiss, 40⫻ IR-Achroplan 0.80 NA water-immersion objective lens) with a mode-locked titanium:sapphire laser system (Tsunami, Spectra-Physics). Calcium signals were bandpass-filtered between 470 and 560 nm. AlexaFluor-594 dextrans or red dextran beads were simultaneously excited and band ...
... LSM 510, Carl Zeiss, 40⫻ IR-Achroplan 0.80 NA water-immersion objective lens) with a mode-locked titanium:sapphire laser system (Tsunami, Spectra-Physics). Calcium signals were bandpass-filtered between 470 and 560 nm. AlexaFluor-594 dextrans or red dextran beads were simultaneously excited and band ...
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in
... system (Ramón Cajal, 1904). By skillful use of the silver chromate-impregnation method developed by Camillo Golgi, Cajal was able to reveal details about DRN morphology, which are still valid. The DRN is an interesting area in two ways. Firstly, because it innervates a multitude of targets throughou ...
... system (Ramón Cajal, 1904). By skillful use of the silver chromate-impregnation method developed by Camillo Golgi, Cajal was able to reveal details about DRN morphology, which are still valid. The DRN is an interesting area in two ways. Firstly, because it innervates a multitude of targets throughou ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... in terms of actual neuronal computations. The actual neuronal computations in a particular cortical area can be investigated in experimental studies in behaving monkeys performing appropriate cognitive tasks while the activity of single neurons in the area of interest is being recorded. Furthermore, ...
... in terms of actual neuronal computations. The actual neuronal computations in a particular cortical area can be investigated in experimental studies in behaving monkeys performing appropriate cognitive tasks while the activity of single neurons in the area of interest is being recorded. Furthermore, ...
Dopamine: the rewarding years
... extends beyond treatment of disease to the development of experimental and diagnostic tools with which we have been able to investigate brain neurotransmitter function in the living human brain and offer important future diagnostic opportunities. The early positron emission tomography (PET) studies ...
... extends beyond treatment of disease to the development of experimental and diagnostic tools with which we have been able to investigate brain neurotransmitter function in the living human brain and offer important future diagnostic opportunities. The early positron emission tomography (PET) studies ...
Chapter 1
... • Sudden infant death syndrome is a condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly die without apparent cause. • According to Health Canada (2002), an average of 3 infants a week die because of SIDS. • SIDS rate among Aboriginal people is three times higher ...
... • Sudden infant death syndrome is a condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly die without apparent cause. • According to Health Canada (2002), an average of 3 infants a week die because of SIDS. • SIDS rate among Aboriginal people is three times higher ...
Travis, F.T. and Arenander, A. (2006). Cross-Sectional
... p = .239). All subjects were right-handed by self-report, and reported good health with no history of accidents, hospitalization, or psychiatric diseases or conditions requiring medication. The non-meditating subjects were recruited from individuals who wished to learn the Transcendental Meditation ...
... p = .239). All subjects were right-handed by self-report, and reported good health with no history of accidents, hospitalization, or psychiatric diseases or conditions requiring medication. The non-meditating subjects were recruited from individuals who wished to learn the Transcendental Meditation ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Keith A. Schneider,1,2 Marlene C. Richter,2 and Sabine Kastner1,2 ...
... Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Keith A. Schneider,1,2 Marlene C. Richter,2 and Sabine Kastner1,2 ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... cholesterol metabolism in the brain contributes to several neurodegenerative diseases including Niemann–Pick disease type C, Huntington’s disease, and AD (Pfrieger, 2003; Valenza et al., 2005). Interestingly, a reduction of brain cholesterol levels is observed in the brains of AD patients (Vance et ...
... cholesterol metabolism in the brain contributes to several neurodegenerative diseases including Niemann–Pick disease type C, Huntington’s disease, and AD (Pfrieger, 2003; Valenza et al., 2005). Interestingly, a reduction of brain cholesterol levels is observed in the brains of AD patients (Vance et ...
Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies
... variants include a combination of bismuth salts and antibiotics (De-Nolt, Pyloridt) that are used to treat patients suffering from Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcers. Bismuth compounds are used in a wide variety of products, including additives to dental root canal sealers (1), catheters, ...
... variants include a combination of bismuth salts and antibiotics (De-Nolt, Pyloridt) that are used to treat patients suffering from Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcers. Bismuth compounds are used in a wide variety of products, including additives to dental root canal sealers (1), catheters, ...
Human Pulvinar Functional Organization and Connectivity
... scores for these two randomly assembled groups were then calculated and the difference between ALE scores was recorded for each voxel in the brain. Repeating this process 10,000 times yielded a null distribution for the differences in ALE scores between the behavioral domains MACM analyses, i.e., ac ...
... scores for these two randomly assembled groups were then calculated and the difference between ALE scores was recorded for each voxel in the brain. Repeating this process 10,000 times yielded a null distribution for the differences in ALE scores between the behavioral domains MACM analyses, i.e., ac ...
Kynurenines in CNS disease: regulation by inflammatory cytokines
... function is necessary for BCG-induced IDO activation (O’connor et al., 2009a). Although IFN-γ is regarded as the primary inducer of IDO, there is some evidence that IDO expression can be induced independently of IFN-γ. Systemic LPS administration induces IDO expression in rat cortex and hippocampus ...
... function is necessary for BCG-induced IDO activation (O’connor et al., 2009a). Although IFN-γ is regarded as the primary inducer of IDO, there is some evidence that IDO expression can be induced independently of IFN-γ. Systemic LPS administration induces IDO expression in rat cortex and hippocampus ...