18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... representational contents. The Coherent Infomax Theory suggests that coordinating interactions are essentially modulatory in nature and, thus, have only weak effects on the information carried by neural responses, which are considered to result mainly from bottom-up inputs into the respective circui ...
... representational contents. The Coherent Infomax Theory suggests that coordinating interactions are essentially modulatory in nature and, thus, have only weak effects on the information carried by neural responses, which are considered to result mainly from bottom-up inputs into the respective circui ...
Getting to Know You: Reputation and Trust in a Two
... To probe neural substrates of social interactions, we scan the brains of multiple subjects engaged in a social interaction. Social decision-making critically depends on internally represented models of social partners. In principle, such covert knowledge might be inferred from behavioral observation ...
... To probe neural substrates of social interactions, we scan the brains of multiple subjects engaged in a social interaction. Social decision-making critically depends on internally represented models of social partners. In principle, such covert knowledge might be inferred from behavioral observation ...
MRI-based high-dimensional hippocampal mapping in
... Guarantors of Brain 2004; all rights reserved ...
... Guarantors of Brain 2004; all rights reserved ...
Regional specificity and practice: Dynamic changes in
... changes to dentrite, synapse, and glial structure; and metabolic alterations (Kolb and Whishaw, 1998; Sanes and Donoghue, 2000). It is unknown, however, the extent to which these mechanisms may operate differently for brain regions that are more or less susceptible to practice-related plasticity. Me ...
... changes to dentrite, synapse, and glial structure; and metabolic alterations (Kolb and Whishaw, 1998; Sanes and Donoghue, 2000). It is unknown, however, the extent to which these mechanisms may operate differently for brain regions that are more or less susceptible to practice-related plasticity. Me ...
The role of the medial frontal cortex in the
... prolonged duration of activation in enduring emotional situations (Herry et al., 2007; Waugh et al., 2010). C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also found that maintaining emotional states led to an increase in the recalled emotional intensity of the images relative to when participants di ...
... prolonged duration of activation in enduring emotional situations (Herry et al., 2007; Waugh et al., 2010). C.E. Waugh and I.H. Gotlib (unpublished data) also found that maintaining emotional states led to an increase in the recalled emotional intensity of the images relative to when participants di ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... The comparison of juvenile and adult connections is complicated by variations with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons wel ...
... The comparison of juvenile and adult connections is complicated by variations with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons wel ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... Transmitters, Online OBJ: LO4 Identify the main functions of glial cells. MSC: TYPE: Easy 17. Which brain cells are responsible for providing insulation around the neuron? a. GABA cells c. axon cells b. curare cells d. glial cells ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.3 Neurons: Structure, F ...
... Transmitters, Online OBJ: LO4 Identify the main functions of glial cells. MSC: TYPE: Easy 17. Which brain cells are responsible for providing insulation around the neuron? a. GABA cells c. axon cells b. curare cells d. glial cells ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.3 Neurons: Structure, F ...
Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?Brain, 128
... 2002). Strong tests of hypotheses derived from functional imaging findings require a patient population in which the lesions involve the brain area implicated by imaging studies. Finally, the behavioural measures of cognitive control and/or conflict monitoring have varied across studies, and may not ...
... 2002). Strong tests of hypotheses derived from functional imaging findings require a patient population in which the lesions involve the brain area implicated by imaging studies. Finally, the behavioural measures of cognitive control and/or conflict monitoring have varied across studies, and may not ...
Neural Effects of Positive and Negative Incentives during
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
... monetary loss in healthy individuals [21]. Neuroimaging studies have also suggested that reward-motivation systems are differentially affected by drug-seeking behavior, such as withdrawal [22]. For example, smokers in withdrawal showed greater activation in brain regions for incentive salience durin ...
Switching between colors and shapes on the basis of positive and
... were specifically interested in the feedback processing after having to switch to a new rule dimension (i.e., an ED condition) relative to the same rule dimension (i.e., ID condition). Based on these previous findings (Cools et al., 2004; Dias et al., 1997; Hampshire and Owen, 2006), we predict that ...
... were specifically interested in the feedback processing after having to switch to a new rule dimension (i.e., an ED condition) relative to the same rule dimension (i.e., ID condition). Based on these previous findings (Cools et al., 2004; Dias et al., 1997; Hampshire and Owen, 2006), we predict that ...
Zanolie K., Teng S.*, Donohue S.E., Van Duijvenvoorde A.C.K.
... were specifically interested in the feedback processing after having to switch to a new rule dimension (i.e., an ED condition) relative to the same rule dimension (i.e., ID condition). Based on these previous findings (Cools et al., 2004; Dias et al., 1997; Hampshire and Owen, 2006), we predict that ...
... were specifically interested in the feedback processing after having to switch to a new rule dimension (i.e., an ED condition) relative to the same rule dimension (i.e., ID condition). Based on these previous findings (Cools et al., 2004; Dias et al., 1997; Hampshire and Owen, 2006), we predict that ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... H. Nakanishi / Ageing Research Reviews 2 (2003) 367–381 ...
... H. Nakanishi / Ageing Research Reviews 2 (2003) 367–381 ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... The functional lesion hypothesis received support from studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005 ...
... The functional lesion hypothesis received support from studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005 ...
Feeling others` painful actions: The sensorimotor
... ensured that each of the five conditions (the four experimental conditions and the null condition) followed each condition in the previous trial and each condition in the trial before the previous trial an equal number of times. This resulted in a completely balanced but seemingly random design, in ...
... ensured that each of the five conditions (the four experimental conditions and the null condition) followed each condition in the previous trial and each condition in the trial before the previous trial an equal number of times. This resulted in a completely balanced but seemingly random design, in ...
A Critical Review of Secondary Neurodegeneration
... molecular structure that allows it to assume a large variety of configurations within the central nervous system, each of which appears to result in quite distinct biological effects [13,14]. This issue of specificity with respect to configuration state of amyloid-β is not simply academic matter for ...
... molecular structure that allows it to assume a large variety of configurations within the central nervous system, each of which appears to result in quite distinct biological effects [13,14]. This issue of specificity with respect to configuration state of amyloid-β is not simply academic matter for ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
... whereas no areas were more strongly activated during negative feedback than during positive (e.g., [9-11]). On the other hand, Aron et al. [1] reported stronger midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negativ ...
Neurobiology of Disease - Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... at 4°C in LBB containing 7.5 nM mouse EHS (Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm) carrying the Mox2-Cre transgene (Cre-Dag1⫹/⫺) were then bred with laminin-1 (Collaborative Biomedical Products), washed, and labeled Dag1lox/lox mice, and heterozygous mice (Dag1lox/⫺) carrying the with an antibody to laminin. For com ...
... at 4°C in LBB containing 7.5 nM mouse EHS (Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm) carrying the Mox2-Cre transgene (Cre-Dag1⫹/⫺) were then bred with laminin-1 (Collaborative Biomedical Products), washed, and labeled Dag1lox/lox mice, and heterozygous mice (Dag1lox/⫺) carrying the with an antibody to laminin. For com ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... and is present in cortex (Fig. 2A1-A3), hippocampus (Fig. 2B1-B3), and cerebellum (Fig. 2C1-C3). In Fig. 2, three different PDE5 antibodies are used, and each antibody reacts against a different epitope within PDE5 (see Methods). Figure 2A1, B1, and C1 use an Abcam antibody, Fig. 2A2, B2, and C2 use ...
... and is present in cortex (Fig. 2A1-A3), hippocampus (Fig. 2B1-B3), and cerebellum (Fig. 2C1-C3). In Fig. 2, three different PDE5 antibodies are used, and each antibody reacts against a different epitope within PDE5 (see Methods). Figure 2A1, B1, and C1 use an Abcam antibody, Fig. 2A2, B2, and C2 use ...
A magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of obsessive
... One limitation of the existing neuroimaging literature is that no studies have ruled out the possibility that observed differences in brain chemistry between OCD patients and controls might be related to between-group differences in levels of state (or trait) anxiety, as opposed to the presence of O ...
... One limitation of the existing neuroimaging literature is that no studies have ruled out the possibility that observed differences in brain chemistry between OCD patients and controls might be related to between-group differences in levels of state (or trait) anxiety, as opposed to the presence of O ...
Sample
... 43. A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a __________ a) glial cell. b) neurotransmitter. Correct. Neurotransmitters are stored in the synaptic vesicles. c) precursor cell. d) synapse. Incorrect. The synapse is the space between th ...
... 43. A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a __________ a) glial cell. b) neurotransmitter. Correct. Neurotransmitters are stored in the synaptic vesicles. c) precursor cell. d) synapse. Incorrect. The synapse is the space between th ...
Cognitive function in young and adult IL (interleukin)
... on the basis of the total number of errors (which corresponded to a re-entry into the arm just visited). At the same time, the pattern of arm entry was examined according to McCann et al. [32], who designed a method to analyse the angle chosen when the mouse entered two consecutive arms. In the eigh ...
... on the basis of the total number of errors (which corresponded to a re-entry into the arm just visited). At the same time, the pattern of arm entry was examined according to McCann et al. [32], who designed a method to analyse the angle chosen when the mouse entered two consecutive arms. In the eigh ...
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... Osteoplastic craniotomy of the left pars temporalis was performed at ten hours after the onset. The brain was very swollen and the hematoma was found to extend 3-cm deep from cortex to lateral ventricle. The hematoma consisted mostly of clots which were evacuated almost totally. Marked bleeding in t ...
... Osteoplastic craniotomy of the left pars temporalis was performed at ten hours after the onset. The brain was very swollen and the hematoma was found to extend 3-cm deep from cortex to lateral ventricle. The hematoma consisted mostly of clots which were evacuated almost totally. Marked bleeding in t ...
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... frequency and bandwidth [24]. One possibility might be that the auditory cortex only codes for tinnitus intensity discrimination [46], and since both groups are characterized by the same VAS intensity scores, subtracting the two groups results in an absence of activation. Yet, another methodological ...
... frequency and bandwidth [24]. One possibility might be that the auditory cortex only codes for tinnitus intensity discrimination [46], and since both groups are characterized by the same VAS intensity scores, subtracting the two groups results in an absence of activation. Yet, another methodological ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
... Detection of chemical stimuli from the external environment is performed by all living organisms. Of all senses, the chemical sense is the evolutionary oldest. Also, the neural system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... “fast” centroparietal), a controversial hypothesis has emerged that two types of spindles are produced by distinct biological mechanisms.55,56 Using high-density EEG recordings, Massimini and colleagues have examined the patterns of origin and propagation of slow oscillations from scalp recordings.5 ...
... “fast” centroparietal), a controversial hypothesis has emerged that two types of spindles are produced by distinct biological mechanisms.55,56 Using high-density EEG recordings, Massimini and colleagues have examined the patterns of origin and propagation of slow oscillations from scalp recordings.5 ...