The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... contrast rubbing the arm vs. rubbing the hand also showed a region of activation in the insula [30 26 0], though this was not significant (Z = 2.04) (McCabe et al., 2008). An implication of these findings is that the pleasantness of CT stimulation may be related to activation of the medial/mid orbito ...
... contrast rubbing the arm vs. rubbing the hand also showed a region of activation in the insula [30 26 0], though this was not significant (Z = 2.04) (McCabe et al., 2008). An implication of these findings is that the pleasantness of CT stimulation may be related to activation of the medial/mid orbito ...
Asymmetry of the Neuroendocrine System
... In adult males, left-sided deafferentation in the temporal lobe combined with left orchidectomy results in a decrease in steroidogenesis of the remaining testis with no change in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration. Other combinations are ineffective in this respect. A similar effect was ob ...
... In adult males, left-sided deafferentation in the temporal lobe combined with left orchidectomy results in a decrease in steroidogenesis of the remaining testis with no change in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration. Other combinations are ineffective in this respect. A similar effect was ob ...
Full Text
... Microscopic examination of the cerebral white matter in all cases demonstrated severe myelin loss and axonal damage (Figure 4). Regions beneath the association areas were most severely affected, and white matter axonal spheroids were most frequent in areas adjacent to areas of severe white matter in ...
... Microscopic examination of the cerebral white matter in all cases demonstrated severe myelin loss and axonal damage (Figure 4). Regions beneath the association areas were most severely affected, and white matter axonal spheroids were most frequent in areas adjacent to areas of severe white matter in ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... Linking Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cerebral Cortex: Their Role in Planning and Controlling Action ...
... Linking Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cerebral Cortex: Their Role in Planning and Controlling Action ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
The dual-pathway model of auditory signal
... distributed reciprocal extrinsic connections with rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG), insula, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), lateral prefrontal cortices, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and subcortical structures including dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate complex, putamen, inferior ...
... distributed reciprocal extrinsic connections with rostral superior temporal gyrus (STG), insula, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), lateral prefrontal cortices, lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and subcortical structures including dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate complex, putamen, inferior ...
Paleolithic public goods games: why human
... approaches. Although we still have no clear picture of the life and behavior of extinct hominins, paleoanthropology can already constrain hypotheses about the evolution of cooperation and culture in some useful ways. This article focuses on a specific population of large-brained hominins, generally ...
... approaches. Although we still have no clear picture of the life and behavior of extinct hominins, paleoanthropology can already constrain hypotheses about the evolution of cooperation and culture in some useful ways. This article focuses on a specific population of large-brained hominins, generally ...
Sensory modalities are not separate modalities: plasticity and
... Cross-modal plasticity has also been reported in humans that have had sensory deprivation in early life [7–13]. The typical finding in these studies has been that sensory deprivation in one modality starting from an early period of life causes the cortical area that is normally devoted to that modal ...
... Cross-modal plasticity has also been reported in humans that have had sensory deprivation in early life [7–13]. The typical finding in these studies has been that sensory deprivation in one modality starting from an early period of life causes the cortical area that is normally devoted to that modal ...
file
... 7 mm below the cortical surface, 3.3 mm lateral and 2.3 mm posterior to bregma in barbiturate-anesthetized female rats (~300 g) and cemented into place using sterile techniques approved under UCSF Animal Care Facility protocols. After two weeks of recovery, trains of six 25-ms tones were paired with ...
... 7 mm below the cortical surface, 3.3 mm lateral and 2.3 mm posterior to bregma in barbiturate-anesthetized female rats (~300 g) and cemented into place using sterile techniques approved under UCSF Animal Care Facility protocols. After two weeks of recovery, trains of six 25-ms tones were paired with ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... performed on a regular cubic grid at 5 mm resolution, producing a total of 6392 cortical grey matter voxels. sLORETA provides an estimation of the solution of the inverse problem by taking into account the well-known effects of the head as a volume conductor. Conventional LORETA and modern sLORETA a ...
... performed on a regular cubic grid at 5 mm resolution, producing a total of 6392 cortical grey matter voxels. sLORETA provides an estimation of the solution of the inverse problem by taking into account the well-known effects of the head as a volume conductor. Conventional LORETA and modern sLORETA a ...
Lecture Guide - TestbankCart.com
... 2. The cortex is the outer covering of the cerebrum and consists of a tightly packed layer of neurons about one tenth of an inch in thickness. Its wrinkles, or corticalization, allow for greater cortical area and are associated with greater brain complexity. 3. The cortex is divided into two cerebra ...
... 2. The cortex is the outer covering of the cerebrum and consists of a tightly packed layer of neurons about one tenth of an inch in thickness. Its wrinkles, or corticalization, allow for greater cortical area and are associated with greater brain complexity. 3. The cortex is divided into two cerebra ...
Matching mind to world and vice versa: Functional dissociations
... relative to congruent intentional states. To this end, sentences containing scenarios were presented to participants and their task was to make judgments concerning the ascription of intentional states based on this information. Belief ascriptions, relative to desire ascriptions, were accompanied by ...
... relative to congruent intentional states. To this end, sentences containing scenarios were presented to participants and their task was to make judgments concerning the ascription of intentional states based on this information. Belief ascriptions, relative to desire ascriptions, were accompanied by ...
Thyroid hormone exerts site-specific effects on SRC
... the expression of SRC-1 and N-CoR in the developing brain. The working hypothesis was that the abundance of specific cofactors could modulate the sensitivity of cells to TH; thus, an important response to changes in TH availability could be compensatory changes in cofactor abundance. We focused on t ...
... the expression of SRC-1 and N-CoR in the developing brain. The working hypothesis was that the abundance of specific cofactors could modulate the sensitivity of cells to TH; thus, an important response to changes in TH availability could be compensatory changes in cofactor abundance. We focused on t ...
PubMed Central CANADA
... close other. We also aimed to provide converging evidence of DN involvement from across-task functional connectivity, and resting-state functional connectivity analyses, to provide a more comprehensive delineation of this network. Using functional MRI we measured brain activity in young adults durin ...
... close other. We also aimed to provide converging evidence of DN involvement from across-task functional connectivity, and resting-state functional connectivity analyses, to provide a more comprehensive delineation of this network. Using functional MRI we measured brain activity in young adults durin ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... cholinergic activity during REM sleep has been shown by means of microdialysis. Higher acetylcholine (Ach) output occurs in the pons (2), medulla oblongata (3), hippocampus and cerebral cortex (4) in cats, and in the thalamus in rats (5), during REM sleep as compared to synchronized sleep. Previous ...
... cholinergic activity during REM sleep has been shown by means of microdialysis. Higher acetylcholine (Ach) output occurs in the pons (2), medulla oblongata (3), hippocampus and cerebral cortex (4) in cats, and in the thalamus in rats (5), during REM sleep as compared to synchronized sleep. Previous ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and
... Figure 4), parietal cortex (Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991, their Figure 4C) and temporal cortex (Baylis et al., 1987, their Figures 2 and 3). The Lyon and Kaas map was based on a visuotopic analysis of V1 projections as displayed on sections of physically flattened cortex. The Preuss and Goldman-Ra ...
... Figure 4), parietal cortex (Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991, their Figure 4C) and temporal cortex (Baylis et al., 1987, their Figures 2 and 3). The Lyon and Kaas map was based on a visuotopic analysis of V1 projections as displayed on sections of physically flattened cortex. The Preuss and Goldman-Ra ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.