Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
... and the part of the body that has been stimulated. Moreover, recent optical imaging of a tactile illusion suggests that the APC codes the perceived rather than physical location of peripheral stimuli (Chen et al. 2003). This finding suggests that neural processing is related to what the information ...
... and the part of the body that has been stimulated. Moreover, recent optical imaging of a tactile illusion suggests that the APC codes the perceived rather than physical location of peripheral stimuli (Chen et al. 2003). This finding suggests that neural processing is related to what the information ...
Chapter 02 Neuroscience and Behavior
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
this publication in PDF format
... tancy. A similar conclusion was reached by Patel, Gibson, Ratner, Besson, and Holcomb (1998), Janata (1995), and Levett and Martin (1992) using harmonic sequences of chords. The finding that unexpected melodic or harmonic musical events elicit similar LPCs that develop between 300 and 800 msec and p ...
... tancy. A similar conclusion was reached by Patel, Gibson, Ratner, Besson, and Holcomb (1998), Janata (1995), and Levett and Martin (1992) using harmonic sequences of chords. The finding that unexpected melodic or harmonic musical events elicit similar LPCs that develop between 300 and 800 msec and p ...
K. Lutz, M. Widmer
... (appetitive) as well as unpleasant (aversive) stimuli to generate reward or punishment, respectively. The most important difference between the set ups is that reward/punishment in the MID task depends on task processing whereas in classical conditioning it depends on the conditioned stimulus. This ...
... (appetitive) as well as unpleasant (aversive) stimuli to generate reward or punishment, respectively. The most important difference between the set ups is that reward/punishment in the MID task depends on task processing whereas in classical conditioning it depends on the conditioned stimulus. This ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... ent opinions on the definition (106), the basal ganglia, as a functional entity, are composed of the caudate nucleus (CD) and putamen (PUT) (collectively called striatum), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segm ...
... ent opinions on the definition (106), the basal ganglia, as a functional entity, are composed of the caudate nucleus (CD) and putamen (PUT) (collectively called striatum), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segm ...
Author`s personal copy - Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives
... Abstract: Loss of the dopaminergic input to the striatum, characterizing Parkinson’s disease, leads to the hyper-activity of two key nuclei of the basal ganglia (BG): the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi). The anatomo-physiological organization of the BG ...
... Abstract: Loss of the dopaminergic input to the striatum, characterizing Parkinson’s disease, leads to the hyper-activity of two key nuclei of the basal ganglia (BG): the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi). The anatomo-physiological organization of the BG ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
... into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) and is thus analogous to the medial habenula of mammals [Fig. 3(A,B)]. Axonal tracing in live and fixed fish ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
... c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors d) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain ANS: a, pp. 43-44, C, LO=2.1, (3) % correct 59 a= 59 b= 4 c= 11 d= 22 r = .32 18. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. e) occi ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... AS was also verified in experiments with electronic circuits [13, 14, 15, 16]. The electronic circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to si ...
... AS was also verified in experiments with electronic circuits [13, 14, 15, 16]. The electronic circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to si ...
Seminar Chronic disorders of consciousness
... or chronic and irreversible. Diffuse lesions of the thalami, cortical neurons, or the white-matter tracts that connect them cause the vegetative state, which is wakefulness without awareness. Functional imaging with PET and functional MRI shows activation of primary cortical areas with stimulation, b ...
... or chronic and irreversible. Diffuse lesions of the thalami, cortical neurons, or the white-matter tracts that connect them cause the vegetative state, which is wakefulness without awareness. Functional imaging with PET and functional MRI shows activation of primary cortical areas with stimulation, b ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
... c) reticular formation d) cerebellum 8. If you have a problem remembering things that happened a year ago, doctors might check for damage to the ___________ area of the brain. a) hippocampus b) hypothalamus c) fornix d) amygdala ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... been arbitrarily associated with certain behaviors (Toth & Assad, 2002), but monkeys nonetheless do not have particular problems with relearning a similar task after parietal lesions, including a lesion of LIP (Rushworth et al., 1997). We sought to understand to which extent and how LIP responses ch ...
... been arbitrarily associated with certain behaviors (Toth & Assad, 2002), but monkeys nonetheless do not have particular problems with relearning a similar task after parietal lesions, including a lesion of LIP (Rushworth et al., 1997). We sought to understand to which extent and how LIP responses ch ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... coronal, and horizontal cross-sections. Within each view a variety of standard color-coding algorithms was invoked to assign colors to the numerical values of the images, and each view could be independently magnified and translated. The current positions of the crosssectional planes were chosen by ...
... coronal, and horizontal cross-sections. Within each view a variety of standard color-coding algorithms was invoked to assign colors to the numerical values of the images, and each view could be independently magnified and translated. The current positions of the crosssectional planes were chosen by ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... It was immediately apparent to neurologists that the toposcope could be a great help to locate epileptic foci (the points where a convulsion originates in the brain, due to a local lesion, tumor or functional alteration). However, it was very complex and expensive and it did not achieve commercial s ...
... It was immediately apparent to neurologists that the toposcope could be a great help to locate epileptic foci (the points where a convulsion originates in the brain, due to a local lesion, tumor or functional alteration). However, it was very complex and expensive and it did not achieve commercial s ...
Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis
... normal conditions, the stress response is integral to survival and proper biological and psychological functioning. However, an individual subjected repeatedly to stress, especially where it finds itself unable to neutralize the source of stress, may eventually succumb to despair. In this case, the a ...
... normal conditions, the stress response is integral to survival and proper biological and psychological functioning. However, an individual subjected repeatedly to stress, especially where it finds itself unable to neutralize the source of stress, may eventually succumb to despair. In this case, the a ...
Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention
... disparate scientific perspectives and levels of analysis, including behavioral, social cognitive, neurophysiological, and neurocomputational. In part, differences in assumptions, scientific terminology and philosophy, as well as methodological approaches have made scholarly rapprochement challenging ...
... disparate scientific perspectives and levels of analysis, including behavioral, social cognitive, neurophysiological, and neurocomputational. In part, differences in assumptions, scientific terminology and philosophy, as well as methodological approaches have made scholarly rapprochement challenging ...
Reward and Aversion
... neuromodulatory systems and neural circuits involved in reward (Wise 2004). Enormous advances have since been made in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying reward and aversion. It is now understood that reward is not a unitary process but contains several psychological components: liking (p ...
... neuromodulatory systems and neural circuits involved in reward (Wise 2004). Enormous advances have since been made in understanding the neural mechanisms underlying reward and aversion. It is now understood that reward is not a unitary process but contains several psychological components: liking (p ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
Chapter 3
... 1. __________ are the cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. a. Synapse cells b. Neurons c. Glial cells d. Terminal cells 2. What entity in the brain serves the same function as water on a water slide? a. Glial cells b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Myelin sheath d. ...
... 1. __________ are the cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information. a. Synapse cells b. Neurons c. Glial cells d. Terminal cells 2. What entity in the brain serves the same function as water on a water slide? a. Glial cells b. Cerebrospinal fluid c. Myelin sheath d. ...
Time course of post-traumatic mitochondrial oxidative damage and
... dietary supplementation with creatine is also effective in ameliorating neuronal cell death by reducing mitochondrial ROS production and maintaining adenosine triphosphate levels after TBI. Although these prior studies clearly show the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and failure in secondary ...
... dietary supplementation with creatine is also effective in ameliorating neuronal cell death by reducing mitochondrial ROS production and maintaining adenosine triphosphate levels after TBI. Although these prior studies clearly show the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and failure in secondary ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... ultradian, state-dependent neuronal activity also remains unaffected by TSOI injection (6 h recording in BF). quantify rhythmicity during transient processes and indifferent to MUA absolute values, and it produces limited values ranging from ⫺1 to 1 (Silver and Stryker, 1999). One represents the hig ...
... ultradian, state-dependent neuronal activity also remains unaffected by TSOI injection (6 h recording in BF). quantify rhythmicity during transient processes and indifferent to MUA absolute values, and it produces limited values ranging from ⫺1 to 1 (Silver and Stryker, 1999). One represents the hig ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... cytochrome oxidase staining. Thus, radiations of long horizontal axons indeed have the spatial characteristics necessary to explain horizontal activity spreads. These axons may contribute to multimodal cortical responses and various forms of cortical neural plasticity. Keywords Barrel cortex Horiz ...
... cytochrome oxidase staining. Thus, radiations of long horizontal axons indeed have the spatial characteristics necessary to explain horizontal activity spreads. These axons may contribute to multimodal cortical responses and various forms of cortical neural plasticity. Keywords Barrel cortex Horiz ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at ...
... the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at ...
Neuromorphic computing
... Point neuron simulators - NEST We don’t have to implement a whole simulator by ourselves, several already exists! Among these, a popular choice is NEST (NEural Simulation Tool), an open source spiking neural network simulator developed by the NEST initiative (www.nestsimulator.org). Among its featu ...
... Point neuron simulators - NEST We don’t have to implement a whole simulator by ourselves, several already exists! Among these, a popular choice is NEST (NEural Simulation Tool), an open source spiking neural network simulator developed by the NEST initiative (www.nestsimulator.org). Among its featu ...