Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum
... intensity of behaviors that lead to rewards.1 Central to understanding how rewards impact goal-directed behavior is an appreciation of how rewards affect typical neural processes, which in turn lead to changes in behavior. Therefore, a necessary step in understanding behavior is to understand how kn ...
... intensity of behaviors that lead to rewards.1 Central to understanding how rewards impact goal-directed behavior is an appreciation of how rewards affect typical neural processes, which in turn lead to changes in behavior. Therefore, a necessary step in understanding behavior is to understand how kn ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... If one classifies neural network models according to their computational units, one can distinguish three different generations. The first generation is based on McCulloch-Pitts neurons as computational units. These are also referred to as perceptrons or threshold gates. They give rise to a variety ...
... If one classifies neural network models according to their computational units, one can distinguish three different generations. The first generation is based on McCulloch-Pitts neurons as computational units. These are also referred to as perceptrons or threshold gates. They give rise to a variety ...
Processing Prosodic Boundaries in Natural and
... prefrontal cortex and an area within the right cerebellum. In the reverse comparison, stronger activation was observed in the gyrus of Heschl, bilaterally, and the left sylvian sulcus. However, the 2 types of sentence materials were used in 2 different tasks thus confounding stimulus type and task. ...
... prefrontal cortex and an area within the right cerebellum. In the reverse comparison, stronger activation was observed in the gyrus of Heschl, bilaterally, and the left sylvian sulcus. However, the 2 types of sentence materials were used in 2 different tasks thus confounding stimulus type and task. ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... The hypothesis is that because the CA3 operates effectively as a single autoassociation network, it can allow arbitrary associations between inputs originating from very different parts of the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the tempo ...
... The hypothesis is that because the CA3 operates effectively as a single autoassociation network, it can allow arbitrary associations between inputs originating from very different parts of the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the tempo ...
Graziano's CV
... attentional, social and memory processes in the human temporoparietal cortex. eNEuro, 3: ENEURO.0060-16.2016. Igelstrom K, Webb TW, Graziano MSA (2016) Functional connectivity between the temporoparietal cortex and cerebellum in autism spectrum disorder. Cerebral Cortex, in press. Webb TW, Kean HH, ...
... attentional, social and memory processes in the human temporoparietal cortex. eNEuro, 3: ENEURO.0060-16.2016. Igelstrom K, Webb TW, Graziano MSA (2016) Functional connectivity between the temporoparietal cortex and cerebellum in autism spectrum disorder. Cerebral Cortex, in press. Webb TW, Kean HH, ...
pdf
... 䡲 OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus is a distressing symptom that affects up to 15% of the population; no satisfactory treatment exists. We present a novel surgical approach for the treatment of intractable tinnitus based on electrical extradural stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex via an electrode ...
... 䡲 OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus is a distressing symptom that affects up to 15% of the population; no satisfactory treatment exists. We present a novel surgical approach for the treatment of intractable tinnitus based on electrical extradural stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex via an electrode ...
Structure-function relationship in hierarchical model of brain networks
... or the hierarchically organized architecture of the brain, reflecting for example the anatomical cortical connectivity of cat or monkey [41, 100]. The idea to use well-known cortical networks in the modelling of the neural dynamics and investigating its relation to the underlying topology has alread ...
... or the hierarchically organized architecture of the brain, reflecting for example the anatomical cortical connectivity of cat or monkey [41, 100]. The idea to use well-known cortical networks in the modelling of the neural dynamics and investigating its relation to the underlying topology has alread ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... hippocampus, seems to be reduced [36]. In our experiment, we observed a significant reduction of NGF content in amygdala and frontal cortex only. Interestingly both brain regions, the amygdala and the frontal cortex, are implicated in processing of fear responses as well as in the activation of the ...
... hippocampus, seems to be reduced [36]. In our experiment, we observed a significant reduction of NGF content in amygdala and frontal cortex only. Interestingly both brain regions, the amygdala and the frontal cortex, are implicated in processing of fear responses as well as in the activation of the ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be concerned with the same problem—namely, evaluating the appropriatenes ...
... are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be concerned with the same problem—namely, evaluating the appropriatenes ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... messages like the effective state of a caller (Schehka 2009). Communication is a key area of animal behavior because all social interactions among individuals are based on the exchange of information. For communication to occur, a sender has to encode information in a signal, which is then transmitt ...
... messages like the effective state of a caller (Schehka 2009). Communication is a key area of animal behavior because all social interactions among individuals are based on the exchange of information. For communication to occur, a sender has to encode information in a signal, which is then transmitt ...
Dopamine Deficiency in a Genetic Mouse Model of Lesch
... We have examined several aspects of neurotransmitter function in the brains of mice carrying a deletion mutation in the gene encoding the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). During the first 6 weeks of postnatal development, dopamine levels in whole-brain ext ...
... We have examined several aspects of neurotransmitter function in the brains of mice carrying a deletion mutation in the gene encoding the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). During the first 6 weeks of postnatal development, dopamine levels in whole-brain ext ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... Neuronal origin of galanin hyperinnervation in AD The source(s) of GAL hyperinnervation in AD remain unclear. For instance, it is unlikely that the few small GAL-ir neurons within the basal forebrain and preoptic area account for the rich galaninergic fiber plexus seen within this region of the huma ...
... Neuronal origin of galanin hyperinnervation in AD The source(s) of GAL hyperinnervation in AD remain unclear. For instance, it is unlikely that the few small GAL-ir neurons within the basal forebrain and preoptic area account for the rich galaninergic fiber plexus seen within this region of the huma ...
A Master Key to Assess Stroke Consequences Across Species: The
... affecting physiological, sensori-motor, and/or cognitive functions. In experimental studies, it is possible to induce different models of stroke and to assess with many different ways their consequences. However, given the extraordinary spontaneous recovery displayed by animals, especially rodents, ...
... affecting physiological, sensori-motor, and/or cognitive functions. In experimental studies, it is possible to induce different models of stroke and to assess with many different ways their consequences. However, given the extraordinary spontaneous recovery displayed by animals, especially rodents, ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... thigmotaxis, and thermotaxis), two behaviors were tested simultaneously as follows. A planarian was placed in the center of the 60 × 30 × 10 mm assay chamber described above. A preference index was calculated as follows: preference index = (number of planarians in one particular region – number of p ...
... thigmotaxis, and thermotaxis), two behaviors were tested simultaneously as follows. A planarian was placed in the center of the 60 × 30 × 10 mm assay chamber described above. A preference index was calculated as follows: preference index = (number of planarians in one particular region – number of p ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... of p-p38 MAPK in the brain of HPC mice. We found that the p-p38 MAPK levels, not protein expression, increased significantly ( p < 0.05) in the regions of frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of mice in response to repetitive hypoxic exposure (H1–H6, n = 6 for each group) when compared to v ...
... of p-p38 MAPK in the brain of HPC mice. We found that the p-p38 MAPK levels, not protein expression, increased significantly ( p < 0.05) in the regions of frontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of mice in response to repetitive hypoxic exposure (H1–H6, n = 6 for each group) when compared to v ...
Basal Ganglia - Adaptive Behaviour Research Group
... rationale that the resulting model behaviour must approximate observed biological data. Nevertheless, since the phenomena discussed are related to the ability to resolve localised competitions (in striatum) and to interrupt ongoing behaviours (STN), we would argue that these models may be thought of ...
... rationale that the resulting model behaviour must approximate observed biological data. Nevertheless, since the phenomena discussed are related to the ability to resolve localised competitions (in striatum) and to interrupt ongoing behaviours (STN), we would argue that these models may be thought of ...
PPT
... – Inferotemporal(IT) cortex, final stage of ventral visual processing system • Selectivity for complex objects(LFP, SUA) • Tolerance to changes in an object’s position in space, as well as the object’s size(LFP, SUA) ...
... – Inferotemporal(IT) cortex, final stage of ventral visual processing system • Selectivity for complex objects(LFP, SUA) • Tolerance to changes in an object’s position in space, as well as the object’s size(LFP, SUA) ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish somatic affective stimuli, visual affective stimuli, etc. 4. Affective stimuli can activate different functional systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the correspo ...
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish somatic affective stimuli, visual affective stimuli, etc. 4. Affective stimuli can activate different functional systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the correspo ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working
... tational model of the contributions of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia to working memory. We find that the somewhat Byzantine nature of the anatomical loops connecting the frontal cortex and the basal ganglia make good computational sense in terms of a well-defined characterization of workin ...
... tational model of the contributions of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia to working memory. We find that the somewhat Byzantine nature of the anatomical loops connecting the frontal cortex and the basal ganglia make good computational sense in terms of a well-defined characterization of workin ...
M a s t
... focuses on the widely acknowledged so-called brain drain controversy. Specifically, the thesis focuses on developments in traditional brain drain literature towards a new shift, claiming the brain gain effect, as an alternative to the brain drain effect that emigration may bring to a source country. ...
... focuses on the widely acknowledged so-called brain drain controversy. Specifically, the thesis focuses on developments in traditional brain drain literature towards a new shift, claiming the brain gain effect, as an alternative to the brain drain effect that emigration may bring to a source country. ...
The effects of normal aging on myelin and nerve fibers: A review
... that occurs with increasing age in monkeys (e.g. Moss et al., 1999). It is suggested that the reason for this correlation between myelin sheath alterations and decline in cognition is because damage to myelin sheaths results in a decrease in conduction velocity along nerve fibers. For example, Xi et ...
... that occurs with increasing age in monkeys (e.g. Moss et al., 1999). It is suggested that the reason for this correlation between myelin sheath alterations and decline in cognition is because damage to myelin sheaths results in a decrease in conduction velocity along nerve fibers. For example, Xi et ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System
... of the waves emitted by hydrogen atoms when they are placed in a magnetic field • Its clarity stems from the fact that neural structures differ considerably in their density of hydrogen atoms Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
... of the waves emitted by hydrogen atoms when they are placed in a magnetic field • Its clarity stems from the fact that neural structures differ considerably in their density of hydrogen atoms Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
Empathic choice involves vmPFC value signals that are modulated
... our own well-being. Examples include what to have for lunch or which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the well-being of others. Examples include a donation to charity and purchasing a gift for a friend. Empathic decisions entail decisions m ...
... our own well-being. Examples include what to have for lunch or which clothing to purchase. Pro-social decisions involve trade-offs between our own well-being and the well-being of others. Examples include a donation to charity and purchasing a gift for a friend. Empathic decisions entail decisions m ...
Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein and mRNA Are
... whether the unique localization of NOS in rat brain is species specific or might be generalized, we have mapped NOS immunoreactivity throughout monkey brain. In all regions examined, the cell and fiber groups stained are the same as in rat (data not shown). In certain areas of monkey brain we haveco ...
... whether the unique localization of NOS in rat brain is species specific or might be generalized, we have mapped NOS immunoreactivity throughout monkey brain. In all regions examined, the cell and fiber groups stained are the same as in rat (data not shown). In certain areas of monkey brain we haveco ...