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- Philsci
- Philsci

... robotic prostheses is possible. Indeed, after a short learning period, high proficiency in braincontrolling the cursor, both directly and indirectly through robot movements, has been achieved. Interestingly, the monkeys still moved their own limbs at the beginning of the “brain control” phase, even ...
Grade 7 ELA Module 4A, Unit 1, Lesson 2
Grade 7 ELA Module 4A, Unit 1, Lesson 2

... indicates that they struggled, whereas a “five” indicates that it was easy. It’s likely that many students identified that the science information was important but were less sure how the Jensen’s story fit into the main idea. Acknowledge the difficulty of this assignment. • If time permits, have st ...
Effect of Language Switching on Arithmetic: A Bilingual fMRI Study
Effect of Language Switching on Arithmetic: A Bilingual fMRI Study

Grade 7 ELA Module 4A, Unit 1, Lesson 2
Grade 7 ELA Module 4A, Unit 1, Lesson 2

Direct comparison of the neural substrates of
Direct comparison of the neural substrates of

uncorrected page page page proofs
uncorrected page page page proofs

... to the naked eye. You cannot see that it is densely packed with structures, systems, functions, connections and interconnections, many of which are still not fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between ...
Evolution of Vertebrate Brains - CIHR Group in Sensory
Evolution of Vertebrate Brains - CIHR Group in Sensory

... central nervous system components that characterize vertebrate brains in general, although there are some minor differences in the innervation pattern of the extraocular muscles. Among alar plate derivatives, a cerebellum is present but of miniscule size, consisting only of a small region of gray ma ...
Detectable - NeuroScience Associates
Detectable - NeuroScience Associates

... Nearly all serotonergic cell bodies in the brain lie in the raphe nuclei Losing these cells yields profound long-term negative effects. Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter, involved in regulating normal functions as well as diseases (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, sleep, vomiting). Drugs ...
Hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia: Insights
Hippocampus, cortex, and basal ganglia: Insights

... Available online 20 July 2004 ...
online age page age page proofs proofs
online age page age page proofs proofs

... to the naked eye. You cannot see that it is densely packed with structures, systems, functions, connections and interconnections, many of which are still not fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex

... stimuli presented alone. For example, if a single good stimulus elicited a high firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at ...
Diffuse optical imaging of brain activation
Diffuse optical imaging of brain activation

... axes parallel to the scalp in the adult human brain close to the skull (resolution degrades rapidly with increasing depth in the brain). However, current measurement strategies primarily utilize nonoverlapping geometric arrangements of sources and detectors, and thus spatial resolution is no better ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior

... attentional mechanisms, the establishment of maps of extrapersonal space, and the adaptive recalibration of eye–hand coordination. Our findings suggest that these functions are subserved by distinct subcortical systems from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the findi ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... fMRI sampling frequency using the Matlab function ‘interpl’. As we did not have any a priori hypothesis regarding the directionality of spontaneous changes in eye position during fixation, we performed a principal component analysis (PCA) (see also Friston et al., 1993) of the X and Y components in e ...
cHaPter 3
cHaPter 3

... to the naked eye. You cannot see that it is densely packed with structures, systems, functions, connections and interconnections, many of which are still not fully understood. Within the brain’s tissue are roughly 86 billion individual nerve cells called neurons. Each neuron is connected to between ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

... distinctive pattern of change for each calcium binding protein. Loss of neurons positive to parvalbumin from the affected cortex became apparent at four months of age and had become profound by 19 months. The extent of loss varied markedly between regions, as to a lesser extent did the loss of somat ...
The distributed human neural system for face perception
The distributed human neural system for face perception

... a latency of 344 ms (P350), was recorded at different electrode sites, including an additional face-responsive region in right anterior ventral temporal cortex, which may correspond to sites of activation in studies of the retrieval of biographical information associated with faces12,41,42. Function ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and

... et al., 1998; Kita et al., 1999; Bolam et al., 2000). Therefore, the GPe is a key node involved in the control of information flow through the BG, whereas the GPi integrates converging signals from cortical areas (via the striatum), the STN and the GPe to give rise to output signals to the cerebral ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human

... Ever since Broca's century-old discovery of cerebral asymmetries in language functions, there has been speculation about the developmental emergence of human perceptual-cognitive asymmetries. The basic question has been: Do the asymmetries first appear only at some point after birth, starting from a ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond

... GnRHR antagonists, (cetrorelix), which also lowers serum levels of LH, also show cognitive improvements [40]. ...
Aberrant Localization of Synchronous Hemodynamic
Aberrant Localization of Synchronous Hemodynamic

... Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we calculated synchronous hemodynamic independent maps (SHIMs) of auditory cortex in patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy control subjects while they performed an auditory oddball task. Results: Patient SHIMs revealed greater sync ...
An Evolutionary Approach to Art and Aesthetic Experience
An Evolutionary Approach to Art and Aesthetic Experience

... cognition as well, notably from Israel, dating to about 100,000 years ago (Bar-Yosef Mayer, Vandermeersch, & Bar-Yosef, 2009), and there is evidence from Africa dating to even earlier times (Mcbrearty & Brooks, 2000). Mcbrearty and Brooks (2000) have strongly argued that European Upper Paleolithic a ...
PDF 2
PDF 2

... model of the disease. Metabolic imaging and electrophysiological studies in the MPTP model have demonstrated that neuronal discharge is increased in the STN, GPi, and SNr but decreased in the GPe. These findings prompted the development of a model in which dopamine depletion leads to (1) increased a ...
STOCHASTIC GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY - G
STOCHASTIC GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY - G

... The neuronal connectivity of human and other mammalian brains is so far largely uncharted. Indeed, anatomically correct network models of the brain do not exist at present for the mammalian brain of any species; there is simply not enough threedimensional (3D) neuro-anatomical data available concern ...
Investigating pain networks in the spinal cord using functional MRI
Investigating pain networks in the spinal cord using functional MRI

... net effect of physical, emotional and cognitive influences. Two people might perceive the pain caused by a noxious stimulus quite differently, or a person may perceive an identical stimulus to be more or less intense, depending on their attention focus or emotional state. It is a fairly common to sa ...
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Aging brain

Age is a major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative diseases, including Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and Lou Gehrig's disease. While much research has focused on diseases of aging, there are few informative studies on the molecular biology of the aging brain (usually spelled ageing brain in British English) in the absence of neurodegenerative disease or the neuropsychological profile of healthy older adults. However, research does suggest that the aging process is associated with several structural, chemical, and functional changes in the brain as well as a host of neurocognitive changes. Recent reports in model organisms suggest that as organisms age, there are distinct changes in the expression of genes at the single neuron level. This page is devoted to reviewing the changes associated with healthy aging.
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