Sleep and metabolism: Role of hypothalamic
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
... increase hunger and appetite.19,20 This is illustrated most profoundly in cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies that indicate there is a strong dose-dependent effect of sleep reduction on the incidence of diabetes and obesity.19,21 One limitation of many human epidemiologic studies i ...
INTRAANALYZER CONDITIONED REFLEX PROPERTIES OF TWO
... At the beginning of this century, Lorento de No (7) ascertained two basic principles of neuronal cell connection, multiplicity and two-sidedness. The two-way principle of functional connections in the nervous system underlies the integrative activity of the brain. The elaboration of forward and back ...
... At the beginning of this century, Lorento de No (7) ascertained two basic principles of neuronal cell connection, multiplicity and two-sidedness. The two-way principle of functional connections in the nervous system underlies the integrative activity of the brain. The elaboration of forward and back ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... reported timing deficits in patients with damage to the parietal cortex. However, the parietal lobe, in particular the right parietal lobe, gained much more attention in the late 1990s. Husain et al. [59] reported that patients with right parietal damage had deficits in an attentional blink task, in ...
... reported timing deficits in patients with damage to the parietal cortex. However, the parietal lobe, in particular the right parietal lobe, gained much more attention in the late 1990s. Husain et al. [59] reported that patients with right parietal damage had deficits in an attentional blink task, in ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... These observations are summarized in the network architecture of Figure 2. The network is made of an input layer (sensory), an output layer (motor), and two hidden layers: (1) a matching layer in which units model neurons in higher-order sensory and motor regions and (2) a bistable layer in which un ...
... These observations are summarized in the network architecture of Figure 2. The network is made of an input layer (sensory), an output layer (motor), and two hidden layers: (1) a matching layer in which units model neurons in higher-order sensory and motor regions and (2) a bistable layer in which un ...
Scaling self-organizing maps to model large cortical networks
... that allows much larger networks to be simulated in a given computation time and in a given amount of memory. The simulations begin with a small network, which is gradually scaled up as it self-organizes. This approach is effective for two reasons: (1) pruning-based self-organizing models tend to ha ...
... that allows much larger networks to be simulated in a given computation time and in a given amount of memory. The simulations begin with a small network, which is gradually scaled up as it self-organizes. This approach is effective for two reasons: (1) pruning-based self-organizing models tend to ha ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... ARTICLE IN PRESS U. Jürgens, S.R. Hage / Behavioural Brain Research xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
... ARTICLE IN PRESS U. Jürgens, S.R. Hage / Behavioural Brain Research xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
The Temporal Profile of 72-kDa Heat
... Figure 1. Section from lateral cortex (200x) of rat subject to 15 min of &hernia notable (monoclonal antibody to HSP72 protein, courtesy of M. Welch). tially in H,O, 70%, 95%, and 100% EtOH, and xylene, then in lOO%, 95%, and 70% EtOH and H,O for 3 min each. Slides were then placed into a solution o ...
... Figure 1. Section from lateral cortex (200x) of rat subject to 15 min of &hernia notable (monoclonal antibody to HSP72 protein, courtesy of M. Welch). tially in H,O, 70%, 95%, and 100% EtOH, and xylene, then in lOO%, 95%, and 70% EtOH and H,O for 3 min each. Slides were then placed into a solution o ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
Basic Physics of SWI and Relaxation
... matter edema-like changes, cysts and contrast-enhancing lesions. Among these changes, newly appearing contrast-enhancing lesions, usually termed as pseudoprogression or radionecrosis, receive the attention of both clinicians and neuroradiologists because these MRI lesions can mimic the recurrence of ...
... matter edema-like changes, cysts and contrast-enhancing lesions. Among these changes, newly appearing contrast-enhancing lesions, usually termed as pseudoprogression or radionecrosis, receive the attention of both clinicians and neuroradiologists because these MRI lesions can mimic the recurrence of ...
Carlisi_preprint_revisions2
... and significantly weaker correlations between better TD and activation during delayed choices in IFC, superior temporal lobes, insula, supplementary motor area and cerebellum (Chantiluke et al., 2014d). In adult ADHD, abnormal striato-limbic activation has been observed (Plichta et al., 2009). Neuro ...
... and significantly weaker correlations between better TD and activation during delayed choices in IFC, superior temporal lobes, insula, supplementary motor area and cerebellum (Chantiluke et al., 2014d). In adult ADHD, abnormal striato-limbic activation has been observed (Plichta et al., 2009). Neuro ...
Decoding Motor Commands in Cortico-Basal Ganglia Circuits for the
... The BehaviourGUI toolbox allows data to be synchronised so several data sets (such as a video recording and computed velocity) easily can be analysed simultaneously. This is of great help when trying to find when the rat is moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A perievent time his ...
... The BehaviourGUI toolbox allows data to be synchronised so several data sets (such as a video recording and computed velocity) easily can be analysed simultaneously. This is of great help when trying to find when the rat is moving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A perievent time his ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... nucleus accumbens, by exciting wake-promoting basal forebrain cholinergic and brainstem serotonin neurons and by inhibiting sleep-promoting neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus. Dopamine acts on D1 type (D1, D5) and D2-type (D2, D3, D4) receptors. Both types are involved in promoting arousal but D2 ...
... nucleus accumbens, by exciting wake-promoting basal forebrain cholinergic and brainstem serotonin neurons and by inhibiting sleep-promoting neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus. Dopamine acts on D1 type (D1, D5) and D2-type (D2, D3, D4) receptors. Both types are involved in promoting arousal but D2 ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
... on the neuropsychological field theories of Lashley (1929), Köhler (1940) and Pribram (1971). Karl Lashley wrote: "Generalization [stimulus equivalence] is one of the primitive basic functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell throug ...
... on the neuropsychological field theories of Lashley (1929), Köhler (1940) and Pribram (1971). Karl Lashley wrote: "Generalization [stimulus equivalence] is one of the primitive basic functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell throug ...
Stress and Glucocorticoids Affect the Expression of Brain
... stress produces structural changes and neuronal damage especially in the hippocampus. Because neurotrophic factors affect neuron survival, we questioned whether they might be relevant to the heightened vulnerability of hippocampal neurons following stress. To begin investigating this possibility, we ...
... stress produces structural changes and neuronal damage especially in the hippocampus. Because neurotrophic factors affect neuron survival, we questioned whether they might be relevant to the heightened vulnerability of hippocampal neurons following stress. To begin investigating this possibility, we ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... FIGURE 33.2 The columnar organization of hypothalamic cell groups is illustrated on a flat map of the rat central nervous system. Three longitudinal zones form columns that extend through the rostrocaudal extent of the hypothalamus. The periventricular region (PR; light red) lies immediately adjace ...
... FIGURE 33.2 The columnar organization of hypothalamic cell groups is illustrated on a flat map of the rat central nervous system. Three longitudinal zones form columns that extend through the rostrocaudal extent of the hypothalamus. The periventricular region (PR; light red) lies immediately adjace ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
... T is well known that cognition influences pain perception.1 Cognitive strategies use this concept and are used for day-to-day pain management by patients with chronic pain.2– 4 They reduce pain by addressing psychologic influences5 through techniques such as diversion of attention, reappraisal, imag ...
... T is well known that cognition influences pain perception.1 Cognitive strategies use this concept and are used for day-to-day pain management by patients with chronic pain.2– 4 They reduce pain by addressing psychologic influences5 through techniques such as diversion of attention, reappraisal, imag ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... Vagal stimulation produced a biphasic positive-negative potential over a broad region of the sigmoid, coronal, and orbital gyri in chloralose-anesthetized animals. The field was quite broad in chloralose-anesthetized cats but more focused in Saffan-anesthetized cats (see DISCUSSION). Even though the ...
... Vagal stimulation produced a biphasic positive-negative potential over a broad region of the sigmoid, coronal, and orbital gyri in chloralose-anesthetized animals. The field was quite broad in chloralose-anesthetized cats but more focused in Saffan-anesthetized cats (see DISCUSSION). Even though the ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
... • processes information sequentially, and enables one to speak Right side of the brain • controls emotional expression, spatial perception, recognition of faces, patterns, melodies, and emotions • processes information globally and cannot influence speech ...
... • processes information sequentially, and enables one to speak Right side of the brain • controls emotional expression, spatial perception, recognition of faces, patterns, melodies, and emotions • processes information globally and cannot influence speech ...
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus activation contributes to
... shown that sympathetic hyperactivity in HF rats is associated with increased extracellular NE in the PVN [42,43]. NE plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of HF [44,45]. GABA is a well-known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. A large body of evidence suggests that GABA plays an important ...
... shown that sympathetic hyperactivity in HF rats is associated with increased extracellular NE in the PVN [42,43]. NE plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of HF [44,45]. GABA is a well-known inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. A large body of evidence suggests that GABA plays an important ...
Arresting the Development of Addiction
... Chronic but not acute morphine exposure increased βarr2 mRNA in cortex and decreased βarr2 mRNA in the periaqueductal gray (Fan et al., 2003). Additionally, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal robustly increased βarr2 mRNA in hippocampus (Fan et al., 2003). These experiments revealed that βarr2 can be ...
... Chronic but not acute morphine exposure increased βarr2 mRNA in cortex and decreased βarr2 mRNA in the periaqueductal gray (Fan et al., 2003). Additionally, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal robustly increased βarr2 mRNA in hippocampus (Fan et al., 2003). These experiments revealed that βarr2 can be ...
CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING Learning
... The Synapse 17. Distinguish between an electrical synapse and a chemical synapse. 18. Describe the structures of a chemical synapse and the events that lead to the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. 19. Explain how excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynap ...
... The Synapse 17. Distinguish between an electrical synapse and a chemical synapse. 18. Describe the structures of a chemical synapse and the events that lead to the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. 19. Explain how excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynap ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... The differences in the pattern of connections between dorsal and ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventra ...
... The differences in the pattern of connections between dorsal and ventral subregions in the monkey and cat are to some extent confirmed by results of the cytoarchitectonic observations of the prefrontal and premotor cortices. It was shown that in the two species the areas situated dorsally or ventra ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across many levels of neuronal organization, rather than on a single brai ...
... recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across many levels of neuronal organization, rather than on a single brai ...