Optometric Management Of A Patient With Parietal Lobe Injury
... stretching and shearing of the axons. The information being transferred along the axon can only travel up until the axon thins as a result of stretching. At the point of thinning of the axon, there is a buildup of “transport information.” This then leads to swelling and eventually the tearing of the ...
... stretching and shearing of the axons. The information being transferred along the axon can only travel up until the axon thins as a result of stretching. At the point of thinning of the axon, there is a buildup of “transport information.” This then leads to swelling and eventually the tearing of the ...
Researchers inch closer to causes, cures for insomnia, narcolepsy
... Studies on narcoleptic animals link. A study of over (such as the dog shown here awake, ably, orexin neurons have some identify4,000 people found left, and asleep, right) led to the that those with nar- discovery that a lack of the neurons ing mark that the immune system colepsy were more that produ ...
... Studies on narcoleptic animals link. A study of over (such as the dog shown here awake, ably, orexin neurons have some identify4,000 people found left, and asleep, right) led to the that those with nar- discovery that a lack of the neurons ing mark that the immune system colepsy were more that produ ...
Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... Results on the somatosensory system show that the cortical areas may modulate the gain of transmission of tactile signalling through the thalamus (Ghosh et al., 1994) and visual-dependent complex balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs exerted on the LGN principal cells can induce correlated fir ...
... Results on the somatosensory system show that the cortical areas may modulate the gain of transmission of tactile signalling through the thalamus (Ghosh et al., 1994) and visual-dependent complex balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs exerted on the LGN principal cells can induce correlated fir ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... One type of monitoring approach is to use a microelectrode -- a small, microscopic probe typically made of glass or metal -- to record the number of action potentials a dopamine neuron generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The ...
... One type of monitoring approach is to use a microelectrode -- a small, microscopic probe typically made of glass or metal -- to record the number of action potentials a dopamine neuron generates. This technique is called electrophysiology or monitoring the “electrical functioning” of the neuron. The ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... – Caused by a number of factors including noise, stress, pain medication. – Can also be the result of disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, depression, anxiety or other psychiatric conditions. – Dependence on sleeping pills and shifts in the circadian rhythms can also result in insomnia. ...
... – Caused by a number of factors including noise, stress, pain medication. – Can also be the result of disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, depression, anxiety or other psychiatric conditions. – Dependence on sleeping pills and shifts in the circadian rhythms can also result in insomnia. ...
Proceedings of 2013 BMI the Second International Conference on
... unable to move. Conventional assistive devices for people with severe motor disabilities are inherently limited, often relying on residual motor function for their use. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to provide a more powerful signal source by tapping into the rich information content that is ...
... unable to move. Conventional assistive devices for people with severe motor disabilities are inherently limited, often relying on residual motor function for their use. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to provide a more powerful signal source by tapping into the rich information content that is ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... well as revealing previously unappreciated but basic differences between analgesics, (morphine and gabapentin), and anesthetics, (thiopental and propofol) (Collins et al., 2007). Yet whilst known functions can be more accurately described in terms of activity patterns, assemblies themselves might be ...
... well as revealing previously unappreciated but basic differences between analgesics, (morphine and gabapentin), and anesthetics, (thiopental and propofol) (Collins et al., 2007). Yet whilst known functions can be more accurately described in terms of activity patterns, assemblies themselves might be ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... of Cb ⫹ cells in more rostromedial and caudomedial areas, corresponding to prospective motor and retrosplenial cortices (Fig. 1 D, E). This indicated that not all regions of the cerebral cortex are equally affected by the loss of GFR␣1 expression. Parvalbumin holes in the cerebral cortex of adult ci ...
... of Cb ⫹ cells in more rostromedial and caudomedial areas, corresponding to prospective motor and retrosplenial cortices (Fig. 1 D, E). This indicated that not all regions of the cerebral cortex are equally affected by the loss of GFR␣1 expression. Parvalbumin holes in the cerebral cortex of adult ci ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
... First, we will explain how the amygdala creates and maintains anxiety responses… and how these responses can be changed. ...
... First, we will explain how the amygdala creates and maintains anxiety responses… and how these responses can be changed. ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... (color) visual cues. Unlike prefrontal neurons, only a few neurons coded the visual information on individual features (e.g., “left” or “red”) in all of the rostral (CMAr), dorsal (CMAd), and ventral (CMAv) cingulate motor areas. Instead, many neurons in the CMAr exhibited the attention-like activit ...
... (color) visual cues. Unlike prefrontal neurons, only a few neurons coded the visual information on individual features (e.g., “left” or “red”) in all of the rostral (CMAr), dorsal (CMAd), and ventral (CMAv) cingulate motor areas. Instead, many neurons in the CMAr exhibited the attention-like activit ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... et al., 1991; Bridgeman, 2007; Miall and Wolpert, 1996; Perrone and Krauzlis (2008); Sommer and Wurtz, 2008, Klier and Angelaki, 2008). The proposed pathways are often theoretical, with the actual anatomy of the pathways generally not clearly defined or completely undefined, and a number of differen ...
... et al., 1991; Bridgeman, 2007; Miall and Wolpert, 1996; Perrone and Krauzlis (2008); Sommer and Wurtz, 2008, Klier and Angelaki, 2008). The proposed pathways are often theoretical, with the actual anatomy of the pathways generally not clearly defined or completely undefined, and a number of differen ...
Manuscript_text
... anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activity. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the effects of harmane on conditioned fear responding and associated neurochemical and neuroendocrine alterations which we sought to address here. ...
... anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activity. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the effects of harmane on conditioned fear responding and associated neurochemical and neuroendocrine alterations which we sought to address here. ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... Figure 1. Schematics of electrophysiological responses of single dopaminergic neurons to reward-related stimuli. (a) Prediction-error coding at the time of the reward: activation following an unpredicted reward (positive-prediction error; top), no response to a fully expected reward (no prediction e ...
... Figure 1. Schematics of electrophysiological responses of single dopaminergic neurons to reward-related stimuli. (a) Prediction-error coding at the time of the reward: activation following an unpredicted reward (positive-prediction error; top), no response to a fully expected reward (no prediction e ...
Crocodilian Forebrain: Evolution and Development
... In the dorsal thalamus of amniotes, two types of neurons are present: local circuit neurons (also called interneurons) and relay cells. Axons of local circuit neurons remain within their region of origin whereas axons of relay (projection) cells terminate outside of this area (Jones 2007). With the ...
... In the dorsal thalamus of amniotes, two types of neurons are present: local circuit neurons (also called interneurons) and relay cells. Axons of local circuit neurons remain within their region of origin whereas axons of relay (projection) cells terminate outside of this area (Jones 2007). With the ...
CNBC onnect - cnbc.cmu.edu - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... cortex extracts high-level semantic information to support visual recognition. There remains, however, a gap in detailed understanding of the features processed in mid-level vision. This is complicated by the fact that there is feedback from the higher- to lower-level cortices. To better understand ...
... cortex extracts high-level semantic information to support visual recognition. There remains, however, a gap in detailed understanding of the features processed in mid-level vision. This is complicated by the fact that there is feedback from the higher- to lower-level cortices. To better understand ...
The stress-coping (mis)match hypothesis for nature×nurture
... (Belsky et al., 2009) concept was introduced, which is based on the idea that ‘stress-sensitive’ genes actually are ‘plasticity’ genes. These plasticity genes turn out maladaptive in impoverished, aversive environments, and adaptive in favourable environments. In other words, genes are neither inher ...
... (Belsky et al., 2009) concept was introduced, which is based on the idea that ‘stress-sensitive’ genes actually are ‘plasticity’ genes. These plasticity genes turn out maladaptive in impoverished, aversive environments, and adaptive in favourable environments. In other words, genes are neither inher ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... of labeled cells and, qualitatively, this overlap seemed related to at least three factors. One influence on the overlapping of patches of cells from different tracers was the relative distance between injection sites. For example, in case 92-8 1, there was a slight overlapping of populations of FR- ...
... of labeled cells and, qualitatively, this overlap seemed related to at least three factors. One influence on the overlapping of patches of cells from different tracers was the relative distance between injection sites. For example, in case 92-8 1, there was a slight overlapping of populations of FR- ...
BASAL GANGLIA: A "pit stop" that integrates the movement
... The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei, located in the centre of the Central Nervous System. They have numerous connections between themselves and with other structures. Knowledge of these connections help us to better understand their different functions. They are involved in the motio ...
... The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei, located in the centre of the Central Nervous System. They have numerous connections between themselves and with other structures. Knowledge of these connections help us to better understand their different functions. They are involved in the motio ...
A Stress-Induced Shift From Trace to Delay Conditioning Depends
... real-life situations. The hippocampus seems to be necessary for trace conditioning, and the prefrontal cortex is involved in representing the temporal CS-US relationship (4,6,7). In real-life situations, traumatic fear learning is often embedded in stressful life events. Despite the potential clinic ...
... real-life situations. The hippocampus seems to be necessary for trace conditioning, and the prefrontal cortex is involved in representing the temporal CS-US relationship (4,6,7). In real-life situations, traumatic fear learning is often embedded in stressful life events. Despite the potential clinic ...
NA EXAM 3 (May 2001)
... One of the 4 intrinsic nuclei of the basal ganglia. A disc shaped nucleus located medial (deep) to the putamen. GPe receives input from the striatal input nuclei and subthalamic nuclei, and projects to the STN as part of the INDIRECT output pathway. Activating the indirect pathway inhibits the thala ...
... One of the 4 intrinsic nuclei of the basal ganglia. A disc shaped nucleus located medial (deep) to the putamen. GPe receives input from the striatal input nuclei and subthalamic nuclei, and projects to the STN as part of the INDIRECT output pathway. Activating the indirect pathway inhibits the thala ...
Full version (PDF file)
... antibodies and standard immunohistochemical techniques, both receptor subtypes were found to be positively labeled. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of 5-HT act on the peripheral olfactory transduction, the whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used on freshly isolated ORNs. We found t ...
... antibodies and standard immunohistochemical techniques, both receptor subtypes were found to be positively labeled. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of 5-HT act on the peripheral olfactory transduction, the whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used on freshly isolated ORNs. We found t ...
Slide 1
... – Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain. These three neurons help make up the reflex arc- a fast reaction controlled in the spinal cord Psychology, Third Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
... – Interneurons also make up the bulk of the neurons in the brain. These three neurons help make up the reflex arc- a fast reaction controlled in the spinal cord Psychology, Third Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
Naturally Occurring Fluctuation in Dendritic
... steroid-sensitive factor to which CA 1 pyramidal cell apical dendrites are more responsive, for example, an estradiol-sensitive afferent population that projects more densely to the apical than basal dendrites. These possibilities remain to be tested. Changes in dendritic spine density during the es ...
... steroid-sensitive factor to which CA 1 pyramidal cell apical dendrites are more responsive, for example, an estradiol-sensitive afferent population that projects more densely to the apical than basal dendrites. These possibilities remain to be tested. Changes in dendritic spine density during the es ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... responses), and the neural processes that mediate their transformation. Many emotional states, especially acute states such as fear or anger, are coupled with enhanced perceptual processing, decision making, action selection, and increased energetic expenditure. The brain-body state triggered by a t ...
... responses), and the neural processes that mediate their transformation. Many emotional states, especially acute states such as fear or anger, are coupled with enhanced perceptual processing, decision making, action selection, and increased energetic expenditure. The brain-body state triggered by a t ...
Conditioned and unconditioned regulation of human activity
... system on some time are formed neuronal circuits of a different degree of complexity. In the environment all the time new irritants occur. Therefore in a brain cortex at each moment of time new combinations of neurons are activated. Thus, in the brain cortex and the subcortical centres there is a ...
... system on some time are formed neuronal circuits of a different degree of complexity. In the environment all the time new irritants occur. Therefore in a brain cortex at each moment of time new combinations of neurons are activated. Thus, in the brain cortex and the subcortical centres there is a ...