1 Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics
... of the behavior-based intelligence of a humanoid robot. It remains to be seen what level of intelligence this approach will achieve. Computational neuroscience may be our best approach to ultimate understanding of the brain and mind but chances that neural models are going to explain soon all aspect ...
... of the behavior-based intelligence of a humanoid robot. It remains to be seen what level of intelligence this approach will achieve. Computational neuroscience may be our best approach to ultimate understanding of the brain and mind but chances that neural models are going to explain soon all aspect ...
H1 - Brian Whitworth
... shovel in response to the chicken foot, subjects would make something up (e.g. “Because you need the shovel to clean up after chickens”) ...
... shovel in response to the chicken foot, subjects would make something up (e.g. “Because you need the shovel to clean up after chickens”) ...
Temporal Plasticity Involved in Recovery from Manual Dexterity
... (for review, see Courtine et al., 2007). This motor system homology with humans, in combination with the relatively large macaque brain, makes imaging data obtained in rhesus monkeys comparable with those examined in clinical research. Therefore, studying the rhesus monkey can facilitate the transla ...
... (for review, see Courtine et al., 2007). This motor system homology with humans, in combination with the relatively large macaque brain, makes imaging data obtained in rhesus monkeys comparable with those examined in clinical research. Therefore, studying the rhesus monkey can facilitate the transla ...
Visual Memory and Visual Perception Recruit
... auditory-word perception, motor action, and olfactory perception (see Figure 2A). Auditory perception of sounds or words has been associated with bilateral activity in the superior temporal gyri extending into the inferior aspect of the Sylvian fissure (Hall et al., 2002; Price, 2000), with the addi ...
... auditory-word perception, motor action, and olfactory perception (see Figure 2A). Auditory perception of sounds or words has been associated with bilateral activity in the superior temporal gyri extending into the inferior aspect of the Sylvian fissure (Hall et al., 2002; Price, 2000), with the addi ...
Cortical Motor Organization, Mirror Neurons, and
... manipulating, holding, tearing objects (Rizzolatti et al. 1988). Within the category of grasping neurons, some discharge when the monkey grasps food with the hand or the mouth, or when the same goal is achieved not only with the biological effector but also with a tool, after a period of motor train ...
... manipulating, holding, tearing objects (Rizzolatti et al. 1988). Within the category of grasping neurons, some discharge when the monkey grasps food with the hand or the mouth, or when the same goal is achieved not only with the biological effector but also with a tool, after a period of motor train ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... Afferent fibers from all senses and all parts of the body converge and synapse in the thalamus ...
... Afferent fibers from all senses and all parts of the body converge and synapse in the thalamus ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... Leptin. The cloning of the ob gene in 1994 by Friedman and associates resulted in the discovery of another physiologically important adiposity signal secreted by fat tissue: leptin (100). Mice and humans lacking leptin (ob/ob mice) or the leptin receptor (db/db mice) develop hyperphagic morbid obesi ...
... Leptin. The cloning of the ob gene in 1994 by Friedman and associates resulted in the discovery of another physiologically important adiposity signal secreted by fat tissue: leptin (100). Mice and humans lacking leptin (ob/ob mice) or the leptin receptor (db/db mice) develop hyperphagic morbid obesi ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be less effectively taken up and/or transported by young axons, preventing the detecti ...
... that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be less effectively taken up and/or transported by young axons, preventing the detecti ...
Reticular formation,sleep and wakefulness
... • It was later proved that sleep is caused by an active inhibitory process, once that there seems to be a center located below the midpontile level of the brain stem that is required to cause sleep by inhibiting other parts of the brain; • ONTOGENIC HYPOTHESIS OF REM SLEEP says that the activity occ ...
... • It was later proved that sleep is caused by an active inhibitory process, once that there seems to be a center located below the midpontile level of the brain stem that is required to cause sleep by inhibiting other parts of the brain; • ONTOGENIC HYPOTHESIS OF REM SLEEP says that the activity occ ...
3. Connections of the Hypothalamus
... Visual inputs may reach the hypothalamus via a direct retinal projection. In all mammalian species, including humans, some retinal fibers leave the optic chiasm and pass dorsally into the hypothalamus, where they innervate the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the endogeneous circadian clock. A second visual ...
... Visual inputs may reach the hypothalamus via a direct retinal projection. In all mammalian species, including humans, some retinal fibers leave the optic chiasm and pass dorsally into the hypothalamus, where they innervate the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the endogeneous circadian clock. A second visual ...
Neuromodulation and cortical function: BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN
... through cortical structures, with regular axonal varicosities characterized by synaptic vesicles [ 851. While some of these axonal varicosities are associated with postsynaptic densities, serial reconstruction of the varicosities of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic and serotonergic neurons r ...
... through cortical structures, with regular axonal varicosities characterized by synaptic vesicles [ 851. While some of these axonal varicosities are associated with postsynaptic densities, serial reconstruction of the varicosities of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic and serotonergic neurons r ...
in search of memory traces
... appears to be the most robust and sensitive measure of learning (Lavond et al. 1990). Recordings from the relevant motor nuclei, particularly the sixth, accessory sixth, and seventh, showed essentially identical patterns of learning-induced increases in neuronal activity. It is important to stress t ...
... appears to be the most robust and sensitive measure of learning (Lavond et al. 1990). Recordings from the relevant motor nuclei, particularly the sixth, accessory sixth, and seventh, showed essentially identical patterns of learning-induced increases in neuronal activity. It is important to stress t ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... that dendrites and their synaptic inputs mature postnatally). CORTICOSTRIATAL REMAPPING AND S–R LEARNING Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal ...
... that dendrites and their synaptic inputs mature postnatally). CORTICOSTRIATAL REMAPPING AND S–R LEARNING Why should this form of remapping promote an S–R learning function for the striatum (basal ganglia) rather than an S–S or context learning function (thought to be the specialty of the hippocampal ...
Nerve activates contraction
... recovery. Axonal sprouts may grow into surrounding areas and form a mass called a neuroma. Surgical realignment can help. Retraining may be necessary once the connection is ...
... recovery. Axonal sprouts may grow into surrounding areas and form a mass called a neuroma. Surgical realignment can help. Retraining may be necessary once the connection is ...
MODULE 4: MOTOR AND SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS
... spinothalamic tract and other anterolateral pathways, somatosensory cortex, central modulation of pain, and the thalamus. The key clinical concepts will include paresthesias, spinal cord lesions, sensory loss, patterns and localization, spinal cord syndromes. The book will provide the details of the ...
... spinothalamic tract and other anterolateral pathways, somatosensory cortex, central modulation of pain, and the thalamus. The key clinical concepts will include paresthesias, spinal cord lesions, sensory loss, patterns and localization, spinal cord syndromes. The book will provide the details of the ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... sensitive pathways, are processed in the thalamus and then conducted to specific brain regions. These pathways may comprise of different nerves (cranial, viscerosensitive and somatosensitive); neuronal pathways are not the only ones are activated by stressors. Especially chemical signals (such as hy ...
... sensitive pathways, are processed in the thalamus and then conducted to specific brain regions. These pathways may comprise of different nerves (cranial, viscerosensitive and somatosensitive); neuronal pathways are not the only ones are activated by stressors. Especially chemical signals (such as hy ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... of physiologically matched CN neurons, whereas decreased response magnitudes and lengthened response latencies of unmatched CN neurons. In addition, cortical activation shifted the frequency tunings of unmatched CN neurons toward those of the activated cortical neurons. Our data suggest that cortica ...
... of physiologically matched CN neurons, whereas decreased response magnitudes and lengthened response latencies of unmatched CN neurons. In addition, cortical activation shifted the frequency tunings of unmatched CN neurons toward those of the activated cortical neurons. Our data suggest that cortica ...
The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex
... somatotopic organization, with a leg and an arm representation located dorsal and ventral to the superior precentral dimple, respectively. In the past, this area was considered to be part of Woolsey’s M1. Possibly for this reason, most of the functional studies of F2 have been focused on the motor p ...
... somatotopic organization, with a leg and an arm representation located dorsal and ventral to the superior precentral dimple, respectively. In the past, this area was considered to be part of Woolsey’s M1. Possibly for this reason, most of the functional studies of F2 have been focused on the motor p ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
... The magnitude of LTP that can be induced at thalamocortical and intracortical synapses in V1 can be influenced by various neuromodulators. For example, in vitro studies suggest that serotonin lowers the amount of NMDA-dependent LTP that can be obtained in slices of V1 (Edagawa et al., 2001; Kim et a ...
L-Dopa and Brain Serotonin System Dysfunction
... Another consequence of this “off-target” effect is that L-dopa can become toxic to 5-HT systems. One mechanism of 5-HT neurotoxicity appears to be related to oxidative stress produced by L-dopa-induced supraphysiologic concentrations of dopamine. Dopamine has long been known to be a potent oxidant [ ...
... Another consequence of this “off-target” effect is that L-dopa can become toxic to 5-HT systems. One mechanism of 5-HT neurotoxicity appears to be related to oxidative stress produced by L-dopa-induced supraphysiologic concentrations of dopamine. Dopamine has long been known to be a potent oxidant [ ...
Reduced functional connectivity within and between `social` resting
... areas implicated in ASC, such as the salience network incorporating the insula (Seeley et al., 2007), or medial temporal lobe (MTL) network incorporating the amygdala (Damoiseaux et al., 2008), have not yet been studied. Furthermore, since the brain regions identified in Di Martino’s meta-analysis ( ...
... areas implicated in ASC, such as the salience network incorporating the insula (Seeley et al., 2007), or medial temporal lobe (MTL) network incorporating the amygdala (Damoiseaux et al., 2008), have not yet been studied. Furthermore, since the brain regions identified in Di Martino’s meta-analysis ( ...
Brain oscillations and memory - Wellcome Trust Centre for
... improved object decoding compared to spike-rate alone. Also, maximal information in spikes about the identity of the first presented object was found in an earlier phase of the 32 Hz LFP cycle than information about the second object. This was accompanied by a significant modulation of the amplitude ...
... improved object decoding compared to spike-rate alone. Also, maximal information in spikes about the identity of the first presented object was found in an earlier phase of the 32 Hz LFP cycle than information about the second object. This was accompanied by a significant modulation of the amplitude ...
敌獳湯⌠ⴷ8
... highly convoluted cerebellar cortex and in the four deep cerebellar nuclei on either side. Cerebellar Cortex The cerebellar cortex is composed of three layers (Fig. 5.3). Proceeding from the outermost inward, these layers are: Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cell ...
... highly convoluted cerebellar cortex and in the four deep cerebellar nuclei on either side. Cerebellar Cortex The cerebellar cortex is composed of three layers (Fig. 5.3). Proceeding from the outermost inward, these layers are: Molecular layer (stratum moleculare). This layer consists mainly of cell ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and
... visuotopic organization (Zeki, 1969). Subsequent studies confirmed this visuotopic organization but revealed that the dorsal and ventral subdivisions are physically separated from one another by the interposition of area V4 (cf. Fig. 2A-C). More significantly, evidence for pronounced dorso-ventral a ...
... visuotopic organization (Zeki, 1969). Subsequent studies confirmed this visuotopic organization but revealed that the dorsal and ventral subdivisions are physically separated from one another by the interposition of area V4 (cf. Fig. 2A-C). More significantly, evidence for pronounced dorso-ventral a ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... et al. 1993). This established view has recently been re-examined by Borra et al. (2010) which investigated in detail both brainstem and spinal targets of specific regions of PMv. Borra et al. (2010) confirmed by double injection that the subdivision of F5 (area F5p) that projects to the hand area o ...
... et al. 1993). This established view has recently been re-examined by Borra et al. (2010) which investigated in detail both brainstem and spinal targets of specific regions of PMv. Borra et al. (2010) confirmed by double injection that the subdivision of F5 (area F5p) that projects to the hand area o ...