Limitations in anti-obesity drug development: the critical role of
... motivational force to learn new tasks9. Although there are many other methods for the study of mnemonic func tions, the profound role that hunger plays in promoting complex brain functions is evident from these studies. More recently, the humoral, neuronal and molecular mechanisms that are involved ...
... motivational force to learn new tasks9. Although there are many other methods for the study of mnemonic func tions, the profound role that hunger plays in promoting complex brain functions is evident from these studies. More recently, the humoral, neuronal and molecular mechanisms that are involved ...
Open interconnected model of basal ganglia
... of the different basal ganglia-related disorders that can be attributed to dysfunction of individual circuits, and moreover, to specific alterations in components within each circuit. For example, Penney and Young1,15,16 described how alterations at different levels of the motor circuit can lead to ...
... of the different basal ganglia-related disorders that can be attributed to dysfunction of individual circuits, and moreover, to specific alterations in components within each circuit. For example, Penney and Young1,15,16 described how alterations at different levels of the motor circuit can lead to ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... cerebellum are normalized to cortex. See Supplementary Information for full, uncut blots. C) Values from B are quantified (3 samples in each group – each sample is from a different human subject; error bars are standard error). We evaluated the results using a two-tailed t-test. For both antibodies, ...
... cerebellum are normalized to cortex. See Supplementary Information for full, uncut blots. C) Values from B are quantified (3 samples in each group – each sample is from a different human subject; error bars are standard error). We evaluated the results using a two-tailed t-test. For both antibodies, ...
Flow-metabolism coupling in human visual, motor, and
... neurovascular coupling ratio between these two brain regions. However, Stefanovic et al. (23) recently obtained data from both the visual and motor cortices within a single session, and demonstrated a CMRO2:CBF coupling ratio of 0.49 in the visual cortex and 0.22 in the motor cortex. That study aime ...
... neurovascular coupling ratio between these two brain regions. However, Stefanovic et al. (23) recently obtained data from both the visual and motor cortices within a single session, and demonstrated a CMRO2:CBF coupling ratio of 0.49 in the visual cortex and 0.22 in the motor cortex. That study aime ...
White matter tract alterations in fragile X
... Subjects with fragile X showed reduced FA in several brain regions compared to controls. As shown in Figure 1, one cluster was observed in left frontal-caudate white matter tracts, extending between the head of the caudate towards the prefrontal cortex. In addition, two welldefined clusters were obs ...
... Subjects with fragile X showed reduced FA in several brain regions compared to controls. As shown in Figure 1, one cluster was observed in left frontal-caudate white matter tracts, extending between the head of the caudate towards the prefrontal cortex. In addition, two welldefined clusters were obs ...
Layer II/III of the Prefrontal Cortex: Inhibition by the Serotonin
... Adult social isolation. In adulthood (⬎P55), both control and early life stress animals were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: adult social isolation or adult control group. There were a total of four experimental groups: Control (C) (male: 3 pups from 2 dams; female: 3 pups from ...
... Adult social isolation. In adulthood (⬎P55), both control and early life stress animals were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: adult social isolation or adult control group. There were a total of four experimental groups: Control (C) (male: 3 pups from 2 dams; female: 3 pups from ...
Skeletal System
... Because the cord does not reach the end of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina Th ...
... Because the cord does not reach the end of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina Th ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... [8]. This relay is gated and can be suppressed by activity among local inhibitory interneurons that use GABA as a neurotransmitter [28]. There is a significant difference in the number of interneurons in the lateral geniculate body in various species of mammals. For example, in the human and monkey ...
... [8]. This relay is gated and can be suppressed by activity among local inhibitory interneurons that use GABA as a neurotransmitter [28]. There is a significant difference in the number of interneurons in the lateral geniculate body in various species of mammals. For example, in the human and monkey ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... [19,23]. What is clear, however, is that dopamine neurons provide multiple mechanisms for signaling the occurrence and expectation of events that are of motivational significance, and for sending these signals to a selective set of target regions to coordinate motivation to learn about, and ultimate ...
... [19,23]. What is clear, however, is that dopamine neurons provide multiple mechanisms for signaling the occurrence and expectation of events that are of motivational significance, and for sending these signals to a selective set of target regions to coordinate motivation to learn about, and ultimate ...
DNA Microarrays in Brain Research
... Role in training: Major advisor in summer student program Name: Terrie Vasilopoulos Training period: 06/2002 – 09/2002 Degree: BS, accepted into Ph.D. program Institution: Psychiatry, U of Pittsburgh Research Project: Cortical gene expression in schizophrenia Current Position: Graduate Student at U ...
... Role in training: Major advisor in summer student program Name: Terrie Vasilopoulos Training period: 06/2002 – 09/2002 Degree: BS, accepted into Ph.D. program Institution: Psychiatry, U of Pittsburgh Research Project: Cortical gene expression in schizophrenia Current Position: Graduate Student at U ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... marily from the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) (extending into the anterior insular cortex) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In fact, these two regions seem to be the major cortical inputs to the LC, with little input from other cortical areas (reviewed in A ...
... marily from the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) (extending into the anterior insular cortex) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In fact, these two regions seem to be the major cortical inputs to the LC, with little input from other cortical areas (reviewed in A ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... The first article on mirror neurons was published eighteen years ago; tungsten microelectrodes were used to record 184 single neurons from inferior area 6 (F5) of the macaque‟s brain, while acting and observing actions. The results showed that specific neurons in the monkeys‟ brain, that discharge d ...
... The first article on mirror neurons was published eighteen years ago; tungsten microelectrodes were used to record 184 single neurons from inferior area 6 (F5) of the macaque‟s brain, while acting and observing actions. The results showed that specific neurons in the monkeys‟ brain, that discharge d ...
A forward genetic screen with a thalamocortical emx2
... the scheme enhanced detection and description of prenatal thalamocortical phenotypes. Males carrying the TCA-TLZ transgene on a C57BL/6 background were mutagenized with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and mated to wild-type females of the FVB/N strain. G1 males carrying the TCA-TLZ transgene were bred t ...
... the scheme enhanced detection and description of prenatal thalamocortical phenotypes. Males carrying the TCA-TLZ transgene on a C57BL/6 background were mutagenized with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and mated to wild-type females of the FVB/N strain. G1 males carrying the TCA-TLZ transgene were bred t ...
The Nervous System - Learning on the Loop
... Learning Outcomes (cont.) 29.5 Describe the structure and function of a synapse. 29.6 Describe the function of the blood-brain barrier. ...
... Learning Outcomes (cont.) 29.5 Describe the structure and function of a synapse. 29.6 Describe the function of the blood-brain barrier. ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
WHAT SHOULD WE KNOW ABOUT MARIJUANA goes to ARTCLES
... According to the 2010 NSDUH, marijuana accounted for 4.5 million of the estimated 7.1 million Americans dependent on or abusing illicit drugs. In 2009, approximately 18 percent of people aged 12 and older entering drug abuse treatment programs reported marijuana as their primary drug of abuse; 61 p ...
... According to the 2010 NSDUH, marijuana accounted for 4.5 million of the estimated 7.1 million Americans dependent on or abusing illicit drugs. In 2009, approximately 18 percent of people aged 12 and older entering drug abuse treatment programs reported marijuana as their primary drug of abuse; 61 p ...
PDF file
... classification scheme does not fit well for higher accuracy needs, as a misclassification between disparity class −1 and class 0 is very different from that between a class −1 and class 4. The work presented here, investigates the more challenging problem of regression with subpixel precision, in co ...
... classification scheme does not fit well for higher accuracy needs, as a misclassification between disparity class −1 and class 0 is very different from that between a class −1 and class 4. The work presented here, investigates the more challenging problem of regression with subpixel precision, in co ...
Responses to irrational actions in action
... mentalising networks. Our results advance current theories of action comprehension and the roles of action observation and mentalising networks in this process. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... mentalising networks. Our results advance current theories of action comprehension and the roles of action observation and mentalising networks in this process. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ...
BDNF-modulated Spatial Organization of Cajal
... gene Disabled (Dab1), which encodes an intracellular phosphoprotein (Sheldon et al., 1997; Howell et al., 1999), as well as two families of reelin receptors: (i) the structurally related very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) (D’Arcangelo et al., 1999; ...
... gene Disabled (Dab1), which encodes an intracellular phosphoprotein (Sheldon et al., 1997; Howell et al., 1999), as well as two families of reelin receptors: (i) the structurally related very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) (D’Arcangelo et al., 1999; ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... high-density counterstream architectures. Science 342:1238406. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. (b) Hierarchy of visual areas. The lateral frontal eye field (FEF) (8l), which produces shorter saccades, is at the same level as V3 and V4, whereas the medial FEF (8m), which produces longer saccades ...
... high-density counterstream architectures. Science 342:1238406. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. (b) Hierarchy of visual areas. The lateral frontal eye field (FEF) (8l), which produces shorter saccades, is at the same level as V3 and V4, whereas the medial FEF (8m), which produces longer saccades ...
Cerebral Cortex July 2009;19:1539--1548 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn191 Advance Access publication November 2, 2008
... was obtained with 32 contiguous slices, acquired parallel to the anterior--posterior commissure plane. At the beginning of each run, 4 images were acquired to permit longitudinal magnetization to stabilize; these images were not included in the functional analyses but were used to facilitate alignme ...
... was obtained with 32 contiguous slices, acquired parallel to the anterior--posterior commissure plane. At the beginning of each run, 4 images were acquired to permit longitudinal magnetization to stabilize; these images were not included in the functional analyses but were used to facilitate alignme ...
emotional learning: a computational model of the amygdala
... spatial context in which emotional learning occurs. A ¢nal set of inputs comes from different parts of the prefrontal cortex (Rolls, 1995; Fuster, 1997). It is not obvious that these areas should be considered sensory since prefrontal cortex is involved in both sensory and motor functions (Fuster, 1 ...
... spatial context in which emotional learning occurs. A ¢nal set of inputs comes from different parts of the prefrontal cortex (Rolls, 1995; Fuster, 1997). It is not obvious that these areas should be considered sensory since prefrontal cortex is involved in both sensory and motor functions (Fuster, 1 ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... during prolonged perturbations50. Studies involving electrophysiological recording (FIG. 4c,d), functional imaging (FIG. 4a,b) or the expression of activity-dependent immediate-early genes such as Fos91 have shown that many subsets of neurons in the CNS are osmoresponsive92. Although osmoresponsive ...
... during prolonged perturbations50. Studies involving electrophysiological recording (FIG. 4c,d), functional imaging (FIG. 4a,b) or the expression of activity-dependent immediate-early genes such as Fos91 have shown that many subsets of neurons in the CNS are osmoresponsive92. Although osmoresponsive ...