7 - smw15.org
... ▫ Purkinje cells are very flat and exist in sequential planes ▫ parallel fibers are perpendicular to the planes of the Purkinje cells ▫ parallel fibers excite Purkinje cell the more excited, the longer the duration of the Purkinje output which may control either a movement or a cognitive process ...
... ▫ Purkinje cells are very flat and exist in sequential planes ▫ parallel fibers are perpendicular to the planes of the Purkinje cells ▫ parallel fibers excite Purkinje cell the more excited, the longer the duration of the Purkinje output which may control either a movement or a cognitive process ...
Movement
... The caudate nucleus and putamen receive sensory input from the thalamus and cortex, while the globus pallidus sends information to the primary motor cortex via the thalamus. ...
... The caudate nucleus and putamen receive sensory input from the thalamus and cortex, while the globus pallidus sends information to the primary motor cortex via the thalamus. ...
nervous system text b - powerpoint presentation
... http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/auto.html ...
... http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/auto.html ...
Pain
... Histological organization of the cerebellum: Cerebellar cortex, cellular organization of its layers, cell interactions, inputs to cortex Deep cerebellar nuclei. Interaction between cortex and deep nuclei Elementary cerebellar circuit module Functional regions of cerebellum: vestibulo-cerebellum, spi ...
... Histological organization of the cerebellum: Cerebellar cortex, cellular organization of its layers, cell interactions, inputs to cortex Deep cerebellar nuclei. Interaction between cortex and deep nuclei Elementary cerebellar circuit module Functional regions of cerebellum: vestibulo-cerebellum, spi ...
Part 1: From Ion Channels to behavior, HT2009 Course
... Histological organization of the cerebellum: Cerebellar cortex, cellular organization of its layers, cell interactions, inputs to cortex Deep cerebellar nuclei. Interaction between cortex and deep nuclei Elementary cerebellar circuit module Functional regions of cerebellum: vestibulo-cerebellum, spi ...
... Histological organization of the cerebellum: Cerebellar cortex, cellular organization of its layers, cell interactions, inputs to cortex Deep cerebellar nuclei. Interaction between cortex and deep nuclei Elementary cerebellar circuit module Functional regions of cerebellum: vestibulo-cerebellum, spi ...
Chapter 8
... The Cerebellum Input/output for the cerebellum is conveyed by large bundles of axons called peduncles. Integrates information about motor activity, balance, head and limb position, and extent of muscle contraction then determines whether ongoing movements are deviating from their intended course. ...
... The Cerebellum Input/output for the cerebellum is conveyed by large bundles of axons called peduncles. Integrates information about motor activity, balance, head and limb position, and extent of muscle contraction then determines whether ongoing movements are deviating from their intended course. ...
Slide ()
... The transverse section of the spinal cord shows three functional areas. The dorsal horn contains the sensory neurons of the spinal cord; the intermediate zone contains interneurons; and the motor nuclei zone contains the motor neurons that innervate the muscles. A. The corticospinal tract, also call ...
... The transverse section of the spinal cord shows three functional areas. The dorsal horn contains the sensory neurons of the spinal cord; the intermediate zone contains interneurons; and the motor nuclei zone contains the motor neurons that innervate the muscles. A. The corticospinal tract, also call ...
Neurology-Extrapyramidal Disorders
... reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target neurons in SC involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. These tracts are in turn modulated by various parts of the CNS, including the nigrostriatal pathway, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, the vestibular nucl ...
... reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target neurons in SC involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. These tracts are in turn modulated by various parts of the CNS, including the nigrostriatal pathway, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, the vestibular nucl ...
Thalamus 1
... neurons, whose axons provide the output of thalamus, and small inhibitory interneurons that use GABA as a neurotransmitter Projection neurons account for 75% or more of the neurons of the most thalamic nuclei, though the relative proportions of projection neurons and interneurons vary in different n ...
... neurons, whose axons provide the output of thalamus, and small inhibitory interneurons that use GABA as a neurotransmitter Projection neurons account for 75% or more of the neurons of the most thalamic nuclei, though the relative proportions of projection neurons and interneurons vary in different n ...
Motor Function_2 - bloodhounds Incorporated
... • The cerebellum receives continuous information about the sequence of muscle contractions from the brain • Receives sensory information from the peripheral parts of the ...
... • The cerebellum receives continuous information about the sequence of muscle contractions from the brain • Receives sensory information from the peripheral parts of the ...
AUTONOMIC REFLEX - Semmelweis University
... • upper motor neurons originate in gray matter of cerebral cortex or other gray matter ...
... • upper motor neurons originate in gray matter of cerebral cortex or other gray matter ...
Cellular and Systems Neurophysiology Part 13: The Motor
... even without much processing •Prefrontal cortex contains highly processed information from all sensory modalities, and its information is highly relevant to motor output •Thus it may be efficient to have motor cortex located between these two areas, and further from primary auditory and visual corti ...
... even without much processing •Prefrontal cortex contains highly processed information from all sensory modalities, and its information is highly relevant to motor output •Thus it may be efficient to have motor cortex located between these two areas, and further from primary auditory and visual corti ...
Parasympathetic division
... three collateral ganglia, and two suprarenal medullae. Preganglionic fibers are short because the ganglia are close to the spinal cord. The sympathetic division shows extensive divergence. All preganglionic neurons release ACh at their synapses with ganglionic neurons. The effector response ...
... three collateral ganglia, and two suprarenal medullae. Preganglionic fibers are short because the ganglia are close to the spinal cord. The sympathetic division shows extensive divergence. All preganglionic neurons release ACh at their synapses with ganglionic neurons. The effector response ...
Ch 15: Autonomic Division of NS
... Beta (β-)(Heart, resp tract, skeletal muscle) An enormous number of drugs have their effect at these receptors ...
... Beta (β-)(Heart, resp tract, skeletal muscle) An enormous number of drugs have their effect at these receptors ...
Motor disorders
... 10% of the total brain volume, and contains approximately half the neurons. It influences behavior via interactions with other brain structures. Different cerebellar regions play an integral role in the control of various behaviors including voluntary limb movements, eye movements, balance, locomoti ...
... 10% of the total brain volume, and contains approximately half the neurons. It influences behavior via interactions with other brain structures. Different cerebellar regions play an integral role in the control of various behaviors including voluntary limb movements, eye movements, balance, locomoti ...
Group 3, Week 10
... 1. Discuss the relationship of BG and hippocampus to place and response strategies. The authors suggest that the hippocampus does not compete with or function independently of the dorsal striatum. They can act together with other regions, such as the medial and ventral striatal regions form a funct ...
... 1. Discuss the relationship of BG and hippocampus to place and response strategies. The authors suggest that the hippocampus does not compete with or function independently of the dorsal striatum. They can act together with other regions, such as the medial and ventral striatal regions form a funct ...
L7-Brainstem Student..
... • Occulomotor nerve (CN III) nucleus , which controls movements of some eye muscles . • Trochlear nerve (CN IV) nucleus which also controls movements of some eye muscles . • Red Nucleus: gives out Sends Rubrospinal tract which is inhibitory to spinal Gamma Efferents neurons ( & stretch reflex /muscl ...
... • Occulomotor nerve (CN III) nucleus , which controls movements of some eye muscles . • Trochlear nerve (CN IV) nucleus which also controls movements of some eye muscles . • Red Nucleus: gives out Sends Rubrospinal tract which is inhibitory to spinal Gamma Efferents neurons ( & stretch reflex /muscl ...
Practice Questions for Neuro Anatomy Lectures 1 and 10 White
... a. Cerebellar lesion b. Cerebral lesion c. Basal ganglia lesion 20. If a patient performs an act with unexpected and irrelevant movements then they could likely have a: a. Cerebellar lesion b. Cerebral lesion c. Basal ganglia lesion 21. Broadman’s area 4 is the ________ area and is located _______ t ...
... a. Cerebellar lesion b. Cerebral lesion c. Basal ganglia lesion 20. If a patient performs an act with unexpected and irrelevant movements then they could likely have a: a. Cerebellar lesion b. Cerebral lesion c. Basal ganglia lesion 21. Broadman’s area 4 is the ________ area and is located _______ t ...
Slide ()
... The central autonomic network. Nearly all of the cell groups illustrated here are interconnected with one another, forming the central autonomic network. A. Main afferent pathways. Visceral information (solid lines) is distributed to the brain from the nucleus of the solitary tract and from ascendin ...
... The central autonomic network. Nearly all of the cell groups illustrated here are interconnected with one another, forming the central autonomic network. A. Main afferent pathways. Visceral information (solid lines) is distributed to the brain from the nucleus of the solitary tract and from ascendin ...
Learning objectives Diencephalon
... one of the extrapyramidal motor nuclei and has a large connection with the globus pallidus. Lesion result in sudden, forceful involuntary movements in a contralateral extremity. The movement may be jerky ( ...
... one of the extrapyramidal motor nuclei and has a large connection with the globus pallidus. Lesion result in sudden, forceful involuntary movements in a contralateral extremity. The movement may be jerky ( ...
15 Anatomy of the Metencephalon and Mesencephalon
... Limbic lobe of the cerebrum consists of 3 gyri that curve along the corpus callosum and medial surface of the temporal lobe. Limbic system the center of emotion – anger, fear, sexual arousal, pleasure, and sadness. ...
... Limbic lobe of the cerebrum consists of 3 gyri that curve along the corpus callosum and medial surface of the temporal lobe. Limbic system the center of emotion – anger, fear, sexual arousal, pleasure, and sadness. ...
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) comprise multiple subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates, which are situated at the base of the forebrain. Basal ganglia nuclei are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, as well as several other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions including: control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, routine behaviors or ""habits"" such as bruxism, eye movements, cognition and emotion.The main components of the basal ganglia – as defined functionally – are the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle), globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. It is important to note, however, that the dorsal striatum and globus pallidus may be considered anatomically distinct from the substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens, and subthalamic nucleus. Each of these components has a complex internal anatomical and neurochemical organization. The largest component, the striatum (dorsal and ventral), receives input from many brain areas beyond the basal ganglia, but only sends output to other components of the basal ganglia. The pallidum receives input from the striatum, and sends inhibitory output to a number of motor-related areas. The substantia nigra is the source of the striatal input of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which plays an important role in basal ganglia function. The subthalamic nucleus receives input mainly from the striatum and cerebral cortex, and projects to the globus pallidus.Currently, popular theories implicate the basal ganglia primarily in action selection; that is, it helps determine the decision of which of several possible behaviors to execute at any given time. In more specific terms, the basal ganglia's primary function is likely to control and regulate activities of the motor and premotor cortical areas so that voluntary movements can be performed smoothly. Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia exert an inhibitory influence on a number of motor systems, and that a release of this inhibition permits a motor system to become active. The ""behavior switching"" that takes place within the basal ganglia is influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in executive functions.The importance of these subcortical nuclei for normal brain function and behavior is emphasized by the numerous and diverse neurological conditions associated with basal ganglia dysfunction, which include: disorders of behavior control such as Tourette syndrome, hemiballismus, and obsessive–compulsive disorder; dystonia; psychostimulant addiction; and movement disorders, the most notable of which are Parkinson's disease, which involves degeneration of the dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and Huntington's disease, which primarily involves damage to the striatum. The basal ganglia have a limbic sector whose components are assigned distinct names: the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area (VTA). There is considerable evidence that this limbic part plays a central role in reward learning, particularly a pathway from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens that uses the neurotransmitter dopamine. A number of highly addictive drugs, including cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine, are thought to work by increasing the efficacy of this dopamine signal. There is also evidence implicating overactivity of the VTA dopaminergic projection in schizophrenia.