A cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemistry
... bones were removed to expose the dorsal surface of the encephalon, which was sectioned into 3 blocks by means of two coronal sections: one at the bregma level and the other at the lambda level. Finally, the encephalon was removed from the skull, stored in 30% sucrose solution in 0.1 M phosphate buff ...
... bones were removed to expose the dorsal surface of the encephalon, which was sectioned into 3 blocks by means of two coronal sections: one at the bregma level and the other at the lambda level. Finally, the encephalon was removed from the skull, stored in 30% sucrose solution in 0.1 M phosphate buff ...
Introduction
... with a neural network allowing the process to be automated. To train the neural network, a database of original and watermarked images whose qualities are judged by several human subjects is being created. ...
... with a neural network allowing the process to be automated. To train the neural network, a database of original and watermarked images whose qualities are judged by several human subjects is being created. ...
Heart-brain communication Veen, Frederik Martin van der
... plays an important role in mediating cardiovascular changes during associative learning tasks (for an overview see Powell et al., 1990). From classical conditioning studies it is known that HR decelerates in many species in the interval between the conditioned stimulus and the reinforcing stimulus, ...
... plays an important role in mediating cardiovascular changes during associative learning tasks (for an overview see Powell et al., 1990). From classical conditioning studies it is known that HR decelerates in many species in the interval between the conditioned stimulus and the reinforcing stimulus, ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... "surround suppression active". All these epochs were subsequently concatenated and this dataset was used to calculate the functional connectivity maps during surround suppression. Naturally, the rest of the time epochs were concatenated to calculate the functional connectivity maps without surround ...
... "surround suppression active". All these epochs were subsequently concatenated and this dataset was used to calculate the functional connectivity maps during surround suppression. Naturally, the rest of the time epochs were concatenated to calculate the functional connectivity maps without surround ...
Encoding Information in Neuronal Activity
... long in comparison with the average time between spikes. In contrast if the integration time constant is short, the neuron could also act as a coincidence detector [Abeles, 1982, Konig et al., 1996], and therefore be sensitive to the precise arrival time of the spikes for presynaptic neurons. The hy ...
... long in comparison with the average time between spikes. In contrast if the integration time constant is short, the neuron could also act as a coincidence detector [Abeles, 1982, Konig et al., 1996], and therefore be sensitive to the precise arrival time of the spikes for presynaptic neurons. The hy ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... information 1•2•3 . For several years we have been using computer simulations as a tool for studying information processing within this cortex4•5. While we are ultimately interested in higher order functional questions, our fITst modeling objective was to construct a computer simulation which contai ...
... information 1•2•3 . For several years we have been using computer simulations as a tool for studying information processing within this cortex4•5. While we are ultimately interested in higher order functional questions, our fITst modeling objective was to construct a computer simulation which contai ...
Diencephalon: Thalamus
... Intralaminar nuclei: the internal medullary lamina splits and encloses groups of cells (Arousal, awareness, and emotional pain responses) It can be associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease 1. Centromedian nucleus (CM): large, round nucleus located medial to the VPL/VPM ...
... Intralaminar nuclei: the internal medullary lamina splits and encloses groups of cells (Arousal, awareness, and emotional pain responses) It can be associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease 1. Centromedian nucleus (CM): large, round nucleus located medial to the VPL/VPM ...
doc neuro chap 13, 14, 15, 16, 18
... Physiological psychologists explain behaviour by studying the physiological processes that control it. Sometimes psychological processes can be understood by physiological mechanisms. The relationship is particularly true of complex phenomena. Findings indicate that the ability to recognize a spoke ...
... Physiological psychologists explain behaviour by studying the physiological processes that control it. Sometimes psychological processes can be understood by physiological mechanisms. The relationship is particularly true of complex phenomena. Findings indicate that the ability to recognize a spoke ...
Using Music to Tap Into a Universal Neural Grammar
... commonly known brain waves have been correlated with different states of awareness. For example, alpha waves (8– 14 Hz) are prominent during relaxed states of awareness, while beta waves (15–30 Hz) typically accompany an alert or highly focused mental state. Interestingly, both very high frequency a ...
... commonly known brain waves have been correlated with different states of awareness. For example, alpha waves (8– 14 Hz) are prominent during relaxed states of awareness, while beta waves (15–30 Hz) typically accompany an alert or highly focused mental state. Interestingly, both very high frequency a ...
NIPS/Dec99/notebook3
... receiving proprioceptive input. The projection from area 3a is more abundant in cats than in monkeys (2), indicating a greater dependence on proprioception in the cat and a major role by cutaneous input in monkeys. Corticofugal fibers from areas 4 and 3a may also influence the cutaneous cells in the ...
... receiving proprioceptive input. The projection from area 3a is more abundant in cats than in monkeys (2), indicating a greater dependence on proprioception in the cat and a major role by cutaneous input in monkeys. Corticofugal fibers from areas 4 and 3a may also influence the cutaneous cells in the ...
Copy of Development of the spinal cord
... the internal capsule—will connect the cortical white matter to the brain stem, generally by way of the thalamus. • For example, the axons arising from the motor cortex will pass through the internal capsule to connect to the motor neurons in the spinal cord. ...
... the internal capsule—will connect the cortical white matter to the brain stem, generally by way of the thalamus. • For example, the axons arising from the motor cortex will pass through the internal capsule to connect to the motor neurons in the spinal cord. ...
Diverse Origins of Network Rhythms in Local Cortical Circuits
... membranes that, when paired with pores in adjacent cell membranes, form a conduit between cells passable by small molecules and ions. Gap junctions are formed by plaques of many of these pores, giving an effective way for one neuron to “share” membrane potential changes with neighbors, but they are ...
... membranes that, when paired with pores in adjacent cell membranes, form a conduit between cells passable by small molecules and ions. Gap junctions are formed by plaques of many of these pores, giving an effective way for one neuron to “share” membrane potential changes with neighbors, but they are ...
Development of the spinal cord
... the internal capsule—will connect the cortical white matter to the brain stem, generally by way of the thalamus. • For example, the axons arising from the motor cortex will pass through the internal capsule to connect to the motor neurons in the spinal cord. ...
... the internal capsule—will connect the cortical white matter to the brain stem, generally by way of the thalamus. • For example, the axons arising from the motor cortex will pass through the internal capsule to connect to the motor neurons in the spinal cord. ...
Neural Correlates of Executive Control in the Avian Brain
... the NCL neurons that are performing the executive control function, or whether we are observing the effects on NCL neurons of executive functions that lie elsewhere in the brain. Given the evidence that we will review shortly that NCL may be an analogue of the mammalian PFC, and given the role of th ...
... the NCL neurons that are performing the executive control function, or whether we are observing the effects on NCL neurons of executive functions that lie elsewhere in the brain. Given the evidence that we will review shortly that NCL may be an analogue of the mammalian PFC, and given the role of th ...
Aldwin de Guzman Abstract - UF Center for Undergraduate Research
... microstimulation (ISMS) to trigger coordinated activity of thoracic respiratory muscles. Examining the neural substrate responding to electrical stimulation is one aspect of the research being performed. The hypothesis for this portion of the project is that repeated electrical activation of respira ...
... microstimulation (ISMS) to trigger coordinated activity of thoracic respiratory muscles. Examining the neural substrate responding to electrical stimulation is one aspect of the research being performed. The hypothesis for this portion of the project is that repeated electrical activation of respira ...
The Cells of the Nervous System Lab
... viewing the animation, which rotates the cell in 3-D. Alternatively, the cell can be viewed using the 3D neuron viewer, and rotated manually by holding right click and dragging the mouse to rotate. The purkinje cell axons, not shown here, are inhibitory, and provide the entire output of the cerebell ...
... viewing the animation, which rotates the cell in 3-D. Alternatively, the cell can be viewed using the 3D neuron viewer, and rotated manually by holding right click and dragging the mouse to rotate. The purkinje cell axons, not shown here, are inhibitory, and provide the entire output of the cerebell ...
Connections of the Hypothalamus
... control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and/or autonomic motor systems, ‘ascending’ projections to thalamocortical loops, and projections to the adjacent lateral hypothalamic area ...
... control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and/or autonomic motor systems, ‘ascending’ projections to thalamocortical loops, and projections to the adjacent lateral hypothalamic area ...
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... Feedback to the apical dendrite might be used to modify learning in the basal dendrite so as to refine the receptive fields of nodes (Rolls and Treves, 1998). Apical inputs could thus act to coordinate learning between regions. Even when learning is unsupervised, the apical inputs to a particular re ...
... Feedback to the apical dendrite might be used to modify learning in the basal dendrite so as to refine the receptive fields of nodes (Rolls and Treves, 1998). Apical inputs could thus act to coordinate learning between regions. Even when learning is unsupervised, the apical inputs to a particular re ...
Are Past Lives real? - Royal College of Psychiatrists
... symptoms of mental pathology. Hardly a charitable view of the imagination! Nevertheless it is the psychiatrists who are closer than anyone to having a respectable and respectful theory of imagination. Early pioneers of psychoanalysis, especially Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, were among the first to s ...
... symptoms of mental pathology. Hardly a charitable view of the imagination! Nevertheless it is the psychiatrists who are closer than anyone to having a respectable and respectful theory of imagination. Early pioneers of psychoanalysis, especially Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, were among the first to s ...
Are Bigger Brains Better?
... have rarely integrated information from insects with that from vertebrates. Many insects, however, demonstrate that highly differentiated motor repertoires, extensive social structures and cognition are possible with very small brains, emphasising that we need to understand the neural circuits, not ...
... have rarely integrated information from insects with that from vertebrates. Many insects, however, demonstrate that highly differentiated motor repertoires, extensive social structures and cognition are possible with very small brains, emphasising that we need to understand the neural circuits, not ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... In lab animals, REM sleep also creates PGO waves (pons, genicultae, occipital) in addition to EEG activity, muscular paralysis, etc PGO waves are bursts of phasic electrical activity originating in the pons followed by activity in the LGN and visual cortex REM sleep controlled by mechanisms lo ...
... In lab animals, REM sleep also creates PGO waves (pons, genicultae, occipital) in addition to EEG activity, muscular paralysis, etc PGO waves are bursts of phasic electrical activity originating in the pons followed by activity in the LGN and visual cortex REM sleep controlled by mechanisms lo ...
Single-cell recordings in the human medial temporal lobe
... deliver detailed feedback and they can be tested on their unique abilities, such as language (Ojemann et al. 1988) or verbal recall (Gelbard-Sagiv et al. 2008). Also, when studying human cognition, invasive recordings provide several advantages against non-invasive ones, such as an improvement in bo ...
... deliver detailed feedback and they can be tested on their unique abilities, such as language (Ojemann et al. 1988) or verbal recall (Gelbard-Sagiv et al. 2008). Also, when studying human cognition, invasive recordings provide several advantages against non-invasive ones, such as an improvement in bo ...
motor systems
... cord, they enter the spinal gray matter, where they ramify and synapse. A small fraction of these axons synapse directly on motor neurons in Rexed’s lamina IX. Most of the corticospinal neurons that make such monosynaptic connections to motor neurons have their somata in the anterior bank of the cen ...
... cord, they enter the spinal gray matter, where they ramify and synapse. A small fraction of these axons synapse directly on motor neurons in Rexed’s lamina IX. Most of the corticospinal neurons that make such monosynaptic connections to motor neurons have their somata in the anterior bank of the cen ...
Exam 1 4-23
... A 64-year-old woman was attending an athletic event. At one point she became quite excited when her team scored the points that tied the game. After jumping up and down and shouting enthusiastically, she became dizzy and nauseous and fell unconscious to the floor, striking her head. She was taken to ...
... A 64-year-old woman was attending an athletic event. At one point she became quite excited when her team scored the points that tied the game. After jumping up and down and shouting enthusiastically, she became dizzy and nauseous and fell unconscious to the floor, striking her head. She was taken to ...
Chapter 9 powerpoint file
... Brain Function: Cerebral Cortex Three specializations – Sensory, Motor, and Association (cognition and behavior). Sensory areas - stimulus activates sensory receptors, info travels in ascending pathways and stops at the cerebellum or sensory areas of ...
... Brain Function: Cerebral Cortex Three specializations – Sensory, Motor, and Association (cognition and behavior). Sensory areas - stimulus activates sensory receptors, info travels in ascending pathways and stops at the cerebellum or sensory areas of ...
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena. The set should be minimal because, under the assumption that the brain is sufficient to give rise to any given conscious experience, the question is which of its components is necessary to produce it.