--The image of that apple is formed on your retina -
... --This induces a chemical reaction, which turns light into an electrical signal. This signal either excites or inhibits the retinal ganglion cells (RGC). ...
... --This induces a chemical reaction, which turns light into an electrical signal. This signal either excites or inhibits the retinal ganglion cells (RGC). ...
Topic 11
... The parvocellular neurons are sensitive to color, and are more capable of discriminating fine details than their magnocellular counterparts. Parvocellular cells have greater spatial resolution, but lower temporal resolution, than the magnocellular cells. ...
... The parvocellular neurons are sensitive to color, and are more capable of discriminating fine details than their magnocellular counterparts. Parvocellular cells have greater spatial resolution, but lower temporal resolution, than the magnocellular cells. ...
On the Nature of Visual-Oculomotor Connections
... system such as the superior colliculus in which exists a retinotopic map. The appearance of a visual target in a certain direction and distance from the fovea will excite units in a certain anatomically localized region of the colliculus. Thus, activity in the colliculus may be said to be spatially ...
... system such as the superior colliculus in which exists a retinotopic map. The appearance of a visual target in a certain direction and distance from the fovea will excite units in a certain anatomically localized region of the colliculus. Thus, activity in the colliculus may be said to be spatially ...
P-retinal ganglion cells
... It must excite the specific segment of the retina innervated by receptors in the excitatory zone (specific position on the retina and also a specific (excitatory) position in the RF); It should have the correct linear properties (either bar or edge); It should have a specific axis of orientation; No ...
... It must excite the specific segment of the retina innervated by receptors in the excitatory zone (specific position on the retina and also a specific (excitatory) position in the RF); It should have the correct linear properties (either bar or edge); It should have a specific axis of orientation; No ...
Document
... It must excite the specific segment of the retina innervated by receptors in the excitatory zone (specific position on the retina and also a specific (excitatory) position in the RF); It should have the correct linear properties (either bar or edge); It should have a specific axis of orientation; No ...
... It must excite the specific segment of the retina innervated by receptors in the excitatory zone (specific position on the retina and also a specific (excitatory) position in the RF); It should have the correct linear properties (either bar or edge); It should have a specific axis of orientation; No ...
Carl L.Faingold, Manish Raisinghani, Prosper N`Gouemo
... FIGURE 26.3 GABA-mediated inhibition defects in GEPR-9s: GABAergic neurotransmission normally plays a critical role in determining the responses of the inferior colliculus (IC) to acoustic stimulation, and defects in specific forms of inhibition are key causative factors in audiogenic seizure initi ...
... FIGURE 26.3 GABA-mediated inhibition defects in GEPR-9s: GABAergic neurotransmission normally plays a critical role in determining the responses of the inferior colliculus (IC) to acoustic stimulation, and defects in specific forms of inhibition are key causative factors in audiogenic seizure initi ...
“visual pathway and its lesions” dr.tasneem
... the retinas cross to the opposite sides, where they join the fibers from the opposite temporal retinas to form the optic tracts. • The fibers of each optic tract then synapse in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, • From there, geniculocalcarine fibers pass by way of the optic rad ...
... the retinas cross to the opposite sides, where they join the fibers from the opposite temporal retinas to form the optic tracts. • The fibers of each optic tract then synapse in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, • From there, geniculocalcarine fibers pass by way of the optic rad ...
Assignment 8
... congenital lack of one or more cone types nearsightedness farsightedness eye is too long or lens is too strong eye is too short or lens is too weak correct with a concave lens correct with a convex lens correct with a diverging lens correct with a converging lens normal vision old people’s vision ...
... congenital lack of one or more cone types nearsightedness farsightedness eye is too long or lens is too strong eye is too short or lens is too weak correct with a concave lens correct with a convex lens correct with a diverging lens correct with a converging lens normal vision old people’s vision ...
Лекция 15
... considered part of the brain stem. Its substantia nigra is closely associated with motor system pathways of the basal ganglia. ...
... considered part of the brain stem. Its substantia nigra is closely associated with motor system pathways of the basal ganglia. ...
CHAPTER 15 THE CENTRAL VISUAL PATHWAYS
... (V1). Information relayed via the magno and parvo systems remains somewhat segregated at the visual cortex. The visual cortex is organized into fields that receive information primarily from the magno or parvo pathways. After going through several different intermediate stages of processing, the mag ...
... (V1). Information relayed via the magno and parvo systems remains somewhat segregated at the visual cortex. The visual cortex is organized into fields that receive information primarily from the magno or parvo pathways. After going through several different intermediate stages of processing, the mag ...
A Journey Through the Central Nervous System
... • Superior colliculi – coordinate visual reflexes like head and eye movements • Inferior colliculi – auditory relay ear to sensory cortex of cerebrum ...
... • Superior colliculi – coordinate visual reflexes like head and eye movements • Inferior colliculi – auditory relay ear to sensory cortex of cerebrum ...
Synopsis: Overview Perception Retina Central projections LGN
... which project from the retina to downstream visual structures such as thalamus and superior colliculus, do not receive direct sensory neuron input, but instead receive input from bipolar cells that in turn have synaptic inputs from cone visual receptor cells (Cajal, 1904; Sterling and Demb, 2004) (F ...
... which project from the retina to downstream visual structures such as thalamus and superior colliculus, do not receive direct sensory neuron input, but instead receive input from bipolar cells that in turn have synaptic inputs from cone visual receptor cells (Cajal, 1904; Sterling and Demb, 2004) (F ...
File
... movements as the subject follows a moving object with their eyes. Voluntary eye movements involving very complex processing of information in the visual cortex including the superior colliculus and other brain centers. The stimulus for smooth pursuit movements is the movement of the object acros ...
... movements as the subject follows a moving object with their eyes. Voluntary eye movements involving very complex processing of information in the visual cortex including the superior colliculus and other brain centers. The stimulus for smooth pursuit movements is the movement of the object acros ...
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER OR COEPLETION 1. Primary
... A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct B. if only 1 and 3 are correct C. if only 2 and 4 are correct D. if only 4 is correct E. if all are correct 21. Somatotopic organization in motor structures is supported by the fact that (1) neurons that activate adjacent muscles are adjacent to each other (2) neuro ...
... A. if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct B. if only 1 and 3 are correct C. if only 2 and 4 are correct D. if only 4 is correct E. if all are correct 21. Somatotopic organization in motor structures is supported by the fact that (1) neurons that activate adjacent muscles are adjacent to each other (2) neuro ...
differentiation of brain vesicles
... in size in different species. It is largest in species with the largest neocortex but does not come from the neocortex. From which structure does it come? Where does it terminate? (Try to guess before you look it up.) 9) What two major instigators of action are discussed in this chapter on the midbr ...
... in size in different species. It is largest in species with the largest neocortex but does not come from the neocortex. From which structure does it come? Where does it terminate? (Try to guess before you look it up.) 9) What two major instigators of action are discussed in this chapter on the midbr ...
Diapositive 1
... (3) into the superior colliculus, to control rapid directional movements of the two eyes (4) into the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus ...
... (3) into the superior colliculus, to control rapid directional movements of the two eyes (4) into the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus ...
Oculomotor System
... The intermediate and deep layers of the SC are in registry with the visual map in the superficial layer. There is a retinotopic map of the visual world on the surface of the SC ...
... The intermediate and deep layers of the SC are in registry with the visual map in the superficial layer. There is a retinotopic map of the visual world on the surface of the SC ...
Neuroscience 14a – Introduction to Consciousness
... Receives auditory information from superior olivary nucleus. Visual information from superior colliculus. Olfactory information via medial forebrain bundle. Paramedian Reticular Formation ...
... Receives auditory information from superior olivary nucleus. Visual information from superior colliculus. Olfactory information via medial forebrain bundle. Paramedian Reticular Formation ...
Cranial nerves III, IV,VI and Visual Pathway
... half of retina decussate within the chiasma and join uncrossed fibers from the temporal (lateral) half of the retina to form the optic tract. • The decussation of nerve fibers in the chiasma results in the right optic tract conveying impulses from the LEFT visual field and vice versa. • The partial ...
... half of retina decussate within the chiasma and join uncrossed fibers from the temporal (lateral) half of the retina to form the optic tract. • The decussation of nerve fibers in the chiasma results in the right optic tract conveying impulses from the LEFT visual field and vice versa. • The partial ...
Lab 17 Special Senses
... A. Fibrous tunic structures – sclera, cornea, conjunctiva B. Vascular tunic structures – choroid, ciliary body, iris, pupil, lens C. Sensory tunic structures – retina, optic disc, optic nerve D. Chambers – posterior cavity with vitreous humor, anterior cavity with anterior and posterior chambers con ...
... A. Fibrous tunic structures – sclera, cornea, conjunctiva B. Vascular tunic structures – choroid, ciliary body, iris, pupil, lens C. Sensory tunic structures – retina, optic disc, optic nerve D. Chambers – posterior cavity with vitreous humor, anterior cavity with anterior and posterior chambers con ...
Bio101Lab13
... – Be able to identify and name the structures listed in your Lab Study Guide using the human brain models or photographs of the human brains (from designated slides in Lab 13) – Be able to identify and state the number and name of four of the twelve cranial nerves: I, II, III, and V on the human bra ...
... – Be able to identify and name the structures listed in your Lab Study Guide using the human brain models or photographs of the human brains (from designated slides in Lab 13) – Be able to identify and state the number and name of four of the twelve cranial nerves: I, II, III, and V on the human bra ...
exercise - Anatomy and Physiology
... Left eye: lateral rectus (and on occasion the superior or inferior oblique) Dissection: The Cow (Sheep) Eye (p. 364) 6. The optic disc Activity 4: Predicting the Effects of Visual Pathway Lesions (pp. 364–365) A lesion in the right optic nerve affects medial and lateral vision of the right eye. (The ...
... Left eye: lateral rectus (and on occasion the superior or inferior oblique) Dissection: The Cow (Sheep) Eye (p. 364) 6. The optic disc Activity 4: Predicting the Effects of Visual Pathway Lesions (pp. 364–365) A lesion in the right optic nerve affects medial and lateral vision of the right eye. (The ...
CORTEX I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS a. Cerebral cortex = grey
... i. Layer 1 (molecular layer) –small and few neurons; contains mainly apical tufts ii. Layers 2 &3 – small pyramidal cells – do not project outside of cortex For each layer, know: iii. Layer 4 – many small spiny stellate cells; main input layer for thalamocortical 1) What cells axons; do not project ...
... i. Layer 1 (molecular layer) –small and few neurons; contains mainly apical tufts ii. Layers 2 &3 – small pyramidal cells – do not project outside of cortex For each layer, know: iii. Layer 4 – many small spiny stellate cells; main input layer for thalamocortical 1) What cells axons; do not project ...
Superior colliculus
The superior colliculus, (Latin, upper hill) is a paired structure of the mammalian midbrain. In other vertebrates this is known as the optic tectum or simply tectum, and the adjective tectal may also be used. The superior colliculus forms a major component of the midbrain. The tectum is a layered structure, with a number of layers that varies by species. The superficial layers are sensory-related, and receive input from the eyes as well as other sensory systems. The deep layers are motor-related, capable of activating eye movements as well as other responses. There are also intermediate layers, with multi-sensory cells and motor properties.The general function of the tectal system is to direct behavioral responses toward specific points in egocentric (""body-centered"") space. Each layer of the tectum contains a topographic map of the surrounding world in retinotopic coordinates, and activation of neurons at a particular point in the map evokes a response directed toward the corresponding point in space. In primates, the superior colliculus has been studied mainly with respect to its role in directing eye movements. Visual input from the retina, or ""command"" input from the cerebral cortex, create a ""bump"" of activity in the tectal map, which, if strong enough, induces a saccadic eye movement. Even in primates, however, the tectum is also involved in generating spatially directed head turns, arm-reaching movements, and shifts in attention that do not involve any overt movements. In other species, the tectum is involved in a wide range of responses, including whole-body turns in walking rats, swimming fishes, or flying birds; tongue-strikes toward prey in frogs; fang-strikes in snakes; etc.In some vertebrates, including fish and birds, the tectum is one of the largest components of the brain. In mammals, and especially primates, the massive expansion of the cerebral cortex reduces the tectum (""superior colliculus"") to a much smaller fraction of the whole brain. It remains nonetheless important in terms of function as the primary integrating center for eye movements.Note on terminology: This article follows terminology established in the literature for the analogous structure in mammals/non-mammals (see above), using the term ""superior colliculus"" when discussing mammals and ""optic tectum"" when discussing either specific non-mammalian species or vertebrates in general.