RNA - Southgate Schools
... • It is thought that introns and exons may play a role in evolution Small changes in DNA sequences could have dramatic effects in gene expression. ...
... • It is thought that introns and exons may play a role in evolution Small changes in DNA sequences could have dramatic effects in gene expression. ...
Spnr, a Murine RNA-binding Protein That Is Localized to
... vimentin and tubulin mRNAs have been found in the cytoskeletal framework fraction of NIH3T3 cells (Sharpless et al., 1993) and may have a role in localizing these messages along the cytoskeleton within these cells. Since 3' UTR sequences are involved in many aspects of mRNA metabolism, including tra ...
... vimentin and tubulin mRNAs have been found in the cytoskeletal framework fraction of NIH3T3 cells (Sharpless et al., 1993) and may have a role in localizing these messages along the cytoskeleton within these cells. Since 3' UTR sequences are involved in many aspects of mRNA metabolism, including tra ...
Characterizing transcription factor binding sites using formaldehyde
... ChET8 promoter in vivo, in vitro analysis has not been useful in defining the E2F binding site within this promoter. An alternative approach to define the E2F binding site of the ChET8 fragment is to use in vivo footprinting. In vivo footprinting offers a distinct advantage over gel mobility shift anal ...
... ChET8 promoter in vivo, in vitro analysis has not been useful in defining the E2F binding site within this promoter. An alternative approach to define the E2F binding site of the ChET8 fragment is to use in vivo footprinting. In vivo footprinting offers a distinct advantage over gel mobility shift anal ...
Phylogenetic analysis of phytoplasmas based on sequences
... However, it is of interest to determine how a group system based on 16S rDNA similarity compares when constructed with other genes such as the 23S rDNA or less well conserved genes such as secA. Whilst there are more than 200 sequences available in databases of phytoplasma 16S rDNA genes and spacer ...
... However, it is of interest to determine how a group system based on 16S rDNA similarity compares when constructed with other genes such as the 23S rDNA or less well conserved genes such as secA. Whilst there are more than 200 sequences available in databases of phytoplasma 16S rDNA genes and spacer ...
Sugars, signalling, and plant development
... sugars have been shown to control cell division through modulation of cyclinD (CycD) gene expression (RiouKhamlichi et al., 1999, 2000; Gaudin et al., 2000). While availability of carbohydrate substrates required for organ growth naturally has an impact on plant development, sugars can also cross-ta ...
... sugars have been shown to control cell division through modulation of cyclinD (CycD) gene expression (RiouKhamlichi et al., 1999, 2000; Gaudin et al., 2000). While availability of carbohydrate substrates required for organ growth naturally has an impact on plant development, sugars can also cross-ta ...
P N RANGARAJAN lecture 21
... glucocorticoid receptor to MTV DNA at sites within and upstream of the transcribed region. Cell 35, 381-392. Yamamoto, K. R. (1985). Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks. Annu Rev Genet 19, 209-252. Functional Domains of Nuclear Receptors Evans, R. M. (1988). ...
... glucocorticoid receptor to MTV DNA at sites within and upstream of the transcribed region. Cell 35, 381-392. Yamamoto, K. R. (1985). Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks. Annu Rev Genet 19, 209-252. Functional Domains of Nuclear Receptors Evans, R. M. (1988). ...
Deletion of Lipoteichoic Acid Synthase Impacts
... Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a well-characterized probiotic microorganism, supported by a decade of genomic and functional phenotypic investigations. L. acidophilus deficient in lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major immunostimulant in Grampositive bacteria, has been shown to shift immune system resp ...
... Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a well-characterized probiotic microorganism, supported by a decade of genomic and functional phenotypic investigations. L. acidophilus deficient in lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major immunostimulant in Grampositive bacteria, has been shown to shift immune system resp ...
Lecture 33 - Carbohydrate Metabolism 1
... critical to maintaining reduced glutathione levels in cells which is required to minimized damage from reactive oxygen species. • The pentose phosphate pathway is also responsible for producing ribose-5-phosphate which provides the ribose sugar backbone that anchors the nucleotide base to DNA and RN ...
... critical to maintaining reduced glutathione levels in cells which is required to minimized damage from reactive oxygen species. • The pentose phosphate pathway is also responsible for producing ribose-5-phosphate which provides the ribose sugar backbone that anchors the nucleotide base to DNA and RN ...
Metabolism - Diet & Nutrition Lecture PowerPoint
... A recent cross-sectional study of 700 community-living, physically disabled women over the age of 65 found that vitamin B12 deficient women were twice as likely to be severely depressed as non-deficient ...
... A recent cross-sectional study of 700 community-living, physically disabled women over the age of 65 found that vitamin B12 deficient women were twice as likely to be severely depressed as non-deficient ...
The Science of Transgenics
... Ex. – modified EPSP synthase gene (encodes a protein that functions even when plant is treated with Roundup) Transgenic – an organism containing a transgene introduced by technological (not breeding) methods ...
... Ex. – modified EPSP synthase gene (encodes a protein that functions even when plant is treated with Roundup) Transgenic – an organism containing a transgene introduced by technological (not breeding) methods ...
Array CGH
... DNA copy number of oncogenes and TSGs. • Monitor cancer progression and distinguish between mild and metastatic cancerous lesions using FISH (Florescence in situ hybridization) probes on regions of recurrent copy number aberrations in several tumor types. • It can be used to reveal more regional cop ...
... DNA copy number of oncogenes and TSGs. • Monitor cancer progression and distinguish between mild and metastatic cancerous lesions using FISH (Florescence in situ hybridization) probes on regions of recurrent copy number aberrations in several tumor types. • It can be used to reveal more regional cop ...
Genetic modification of livestock for the production of therapeutics
... The development of genetically modified plants and animals for the agricultural, and in turn, the food and fibre industries are other applications of biotechnology. One of the most exciting areas of modern biotechnology is the genetic modification of plants and animals (transgenic organisms) to alte ...
... The development of genetically modified plants and animals for the agricultural, and in turn, the food and fibre industries are other applications of biotechnology. One of the most exciting areas of modern biotechnology is the genetic modification of plants and animals (transgenic organisms) to alte ...
Small AnDsense RNAs and RNA Interference
... Northern Blots are an essen)al technique for studying small an)sense RNAs. Small complementary probes (~20 nt) are used to iden)fy a target mRNA on a blot and it depends on the interac)on between the probe and target. ...
... Northern Blots are an essen)al technique for studying small an)sense RNAs. Small complementary probes (~20 nt) are used to iden)fy a target mRNA on a blot and it depends on the interac)on between the probe and target. ...
BIOLOGY
... protein. In enzymes, some of these amino acids form a site in the structure that catalyzes the enzymatic reaction. This site, called the active site of the enzyme, has amino acids that bind specifically to the substrate molecule, also called a ligand (Fig. 2). In a similar manner, certain sites in c ...
... protein. In enzymes, some of these amino acids form a site in the structure that catalyzes the enzymatic reaction. This site, called the active site of the enzyme, has amino acids that bind specifically to the substrate molecule, also called a ligand (Fig. 2). In a similar manner, certain sites in c ...
Biol 115 DNA, the Thread of Life
... • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid The amino acids specified by each mRNA codon. Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. The codons are written 5' to 3', as they appear in the mRNA. AUG is an initiation codon; UAA, UAG, and UGA ar ...
... • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid The amino acids specified by each mRNA codon. Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. The codons are written 5' to 3', as they appear in the mRNA. AUG is an initiation codon; UAA, UAG, and UGA ar ...
Biological Chemistry: Engineering New Functions for Natural Systems
... short segments of synthesized DNA into bacteria, which combined the pieces into artificial chromosomes . Then the researchers combined those larger segments in yeast to create the 583-kilobase genome of the bacteria Mycoplasma genitalium . These scientists dream of creating a “minimal” cell with onl ...
... short segments of synthesized DNA into bacteria, which combined the pieces into artificial chromosomes . Then the researchers combined those larger segments in yeast to create the 583-kilobase genome of the bacteria Mycoplasma genitalium . These scientists dream of creating a “minimal” cell with onl ...
The Construction of GFP Fusion Genes For Transgenically Labeled
... neurons connecting to higher levels of the brain. In addition, there is a layer of glial cells that separates glomeruli from each other. During olfactory function, each glomerulus responds to a specific set of odorants. The position of glomeruli that respond to the same set of odorants is conserved ...
... neurons connecting to higher levels of the brain. In addition, there is a layer of glial cells that separates glomeruli from each other. During olfactory function, each glomerulus responds to a specific set of odorants. The position of glomeruli that respond to the same set of odorants is conserved ...
Isolation, characterization and cDNA cloning of nicotianamine
... confirms previous results of Higuchi et al. [27]. Therefore, this material was used as a suitable source for enzyme isolation. Following the purification protocol described the enzyme was enriched 140-fold. The resulting single protein peak precisely coincided with the peak of enzyme activity. The p ...
... confirms previous results of Higuchi et al. [27]. Therefore, this material was used as a suitable source for enzyme isolation. Following the purification protocol described the enzyme was enriched 140-fold. The resulting single protein peak precisely coincided with the peak of enzyme activity. The p ...
Metabolic networks: enzyme function and metabolite structure
... produce a set of metabolites from a set of precursor metabolites and cofactors. The length of a pathway is the number of biochemical reactions between the precursor and the final metabolites of the pathway. The definition of a pathway is not unique and, therefore, the number and length of pathways i ...
... produce a set of metabolites from a set of precursor metabolites and cofactors. The length of a pathway is the number of biochemical reactions between the precursor and the final metabolites of the pathway. The definition of a pathway is not unique and, therefore, the number and length of pathways i ...
Slides of short summary on Molecular Biology
... • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those cells ...
... • Human genome is around 3 billions base pair long • Almost every cell in human body contains same set of genes • But not all genes are used or expressed by those cells ...
Leukaemia Section Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Genes involved and proteins ...
... Genes involved and proteins ...
Histidine and tyrosine phosphorylation in pea mitochondria
... obtained, some general patterns have emerged. In eukaryotes, signal transduction involving phosphorylation is generally initiated at cell surface receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, The signal is then transferred through the cell in a cascade of threonine/serine and tyrosine phosphorylation eve ...
... obtained, some general patterns have emerged. In eukaryotes, signal transduction involving phosphorylation is generally initiated at cell surface receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, The signal is then transferred through the cell in a cascade of threonine/serine and tyrosine phosphorylation eve ...
ISSN-1916-5382 Title: Factors Regulating Cell Division in eukaryotic
... enter the quiescent state from G1 and may remain quiescent for long period of time. This is very common for cells that are fully differentiated. Some non-proliferative cells remain quiescent indefinitely for example, neurons. While others such as epithelial cells, continue to divide throughout an or ...
... enter the quiescent state from G1 and may remain quiescent for long period of time. This is very common for cells that are fully differentiated. Some non-proliferative cells remain quiescent indefinitely for example, neurons. While others such as epithelial cells, continue to divide throughout an or ...
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
... PtCenBP1p has previously been characterised as an essential component of the ICL forming the backbone of the network (Gogendeau et al., 2007). The new PtCenBP3 subfamily identified by the proteomic analysis comprises two proteins, PtCenBP2p and PtCenBP3p, which are paralogues of the most recent whol ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.