A novel atlas of gene expression in human skeletal
... strongly age-related metabolic disorder. Another central pathway previously associated with muscle aging is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), including the mTOR complex I (mTORC1) which plays a crucial role in the regulation of translation in skeletal muscle [11]. A metabolic link between mT ...
... strongly age-related metabolic disorder. Another central pathway previously associated with muscle aging is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), including the mTOR complex I (mTORC1) which plays a crucial role in the regulation of translation in skeletal muscle [11]. A metabolic link between mT ...
8-Cell and Molecular Biology (Transcription)
... • RNA polymerase II transcribe most genes including all those that encode proteins • Although eukaryotic RNA polymerase II has many structural similarities to the bacterial RNA polymerase ...
... • RNA polymerase II transcribe most genes including all those that encode proteins • Although eukaryotic RNA polymerase II has many structural similarities to the bacterial RNA polymerase ...
Complexity of dopamine metabolism | Cell Communication and
... adaptation of cellular metabolism as an result of genetic reorganization and the impact of metabolism on cellular and systemic functionality [10,11]. Mining the literature of the last decade and looking for data related to DA metabolism or CA metabolism in general – also with respect to PD – we felt ...
... adaptation of cellular metabolism as an result of genetic reorganization and the impact of metabolism on cellular and systemic functionality [10,11]. Mining the literature of the last decade and looking for data related to DA metabolism or CA metabolism in general – also with respect to PD – we felt ...
Functional analysis of an interspecies chimera of acyl carrier
... deletion A69 (Downie and Surin 1990; Ritsema et al. 1994). In RBL5900 the only nod genes present are nodABCIJ and nodD. As a source of the nodL and nodE genes of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, the plasmids pMP2109 and pMP258, respectively, were used. pMP2109 is an IncW vector containing the nodL gene ...
... deletion A69 (Downie and Surin 1990; Ritsema et al. 1994). In RBL5900 the only nod genes present are nodABCIJ and nodD. As a source of the nodL and nodE genes of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, the plasmids pMP2109 and pMP258, respectively, were used. pMP2109 is an IncW vector containing the nodL gene ...
The relative molecular mass, heterogeneity and subunit composition
... method’ (Creeth & Harding, 1982) were as described previously (Harding et al., 1987), except that a 30mm path length cell was used at the lowest possible loading concentration (to minimize possible effects of thermodynamic nonideality and self-association phenomena). The value used for the partial s ...
... method’ (Creeth & Harding, 1982) were as described previously (Harding et al., 1987), except that a 30mm path length cell was used at the lowest possible loading concentration (to minimize possible effects of thermodynamic nonideality and self-association phenomena). The value used for the partial s ...
A CHASE domain containing protein kinase OsCRL4
... using KCQ-2. 8500 (Netherlands) and attached to glass slides with heat and viewed on an Axiovert ...
... using KCQ-2. 8500 (Netherlands) and attached to glass slides with heat and viewed on an Axiovert ...
K-12 MG1655 Escherichia coli Blocks the Aerobic
... selected by using the fold change threshold and the Student t test with false discovery rate (FDR) correction as implemented in ArrayStar 3 software (DNAStar, WI). Genes with at least a 2-fold change in expression level and an FDR-adjusted P value of less than 0.05 were considered significant and we ...
... selected by using the fold change threshold and the Student t test with false discovery rate (FDR) correction as implemented in ArrayStar 3 software (DNAStar, WI). Genes with at least a 2-fold change in expression level and an FDR-adjusted P value of less than 0.05 were considered significant and we ...
Three Way Gateway Reactions for Modular Gene
... These steps can be efficiently combined into a single reaction containing three component plasmids: 1. “Intermediate targeting vector” plasmid with R1/R2 and R3/R4 Gateway sites. The intermediate targeting vector is gene specific and contains the homology arms, targeting cassette and AsiSI vector li ...
... These steps can be efficiently combined into a single reaction containing three component plasmids: 1. “Intermediate targeting vector” plasmid with R1/R2 and R3/R4 Gateway sites. The intermediate targeting vector is gene specific and contains the homology arms, targeting cassette and AsiSI vector li ...
EPISTASIS & METABOLISM Presented by Chintan Joshi
... - Our method evaluates effects of intergenic mutations which affect the network properties. - Our method captures the effect of environmental factors on the network. We showed that difference in environmental conditions can change epistasis landscape. We are only capturing the long-term effects; i.e ...
... - Our method evaluates effects of intergenic mutations which affect the network properties. - Our method captures the effect of environmental factors on the network. We showed that difference in environmental conditions can change epistasis landscape. We are only capturing the long-term effects; i.e ...
last update was
... Energy can be stored in various forms then changed into other forms. For example, energy in glucose is oxidized to change the energy stored in chemical bonds into mechanical energy. In all energy conversions some of the useful energy is converted to heat and so dissipates. Scientists have developed ...
... Energy can be stored in various forms then changed into other forms. For example, energy in glucose is oxidized to change the energy stored in chemical bonds into mechanical energy. In all energy conversions some of the useful energy is converted to heat and so dissipates. Scientists have developed ...
Prediction for Essential Proteins with the Support Vector Machine
... subsets of features. Each model is performed on Abstract—Essential proteins affect the cellular life deeply, but it is hard to identify them. Protein-protein interaction is one of the ways to disclose whether a protein is essential or not. We notice that many researchers use the feature set composed ...
... subsets of features. Each model is performed on Abstract—Essential proteins affect the cellular life deeply, but it is hard to identify them. Protein-protein interaction is one of the ways to disclose whether a protein is essential or not. We notice that many researchers use the feature set composed ...
Abstract Here we describe our unprecedented approach in
... containing over 30,000 gene probe sets were used for genome-wide expression profiling. 2.7.2. Mapping and ingenuity pathway functional analysis The scanned images were analyzed with Microarray Suite version 5.0 (Affymetrix) for comparing gene expression ratios between the CON vs. DSS or DSS vs. DSSP ...
... containing over 30,000 gene probe sets were used for genome-wide expression profiling. 2.7.2. Mapping and ingenuity pathway functional analysis The scanned images were analyzed with Microarray Suite version 5.0 (Affymetrix) for comparing gene expression ratios between the CON vs. DSS or DSS vs. DSSP ...
Murine model of obesity-induced type II diabetes by
... the specificity and diversity of PP1 function (Figure 2). Regulatory subunits of PP1 is written as PPP1R (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits), which binds to PPP1C/PP1c/PP1 (protein phosphatase 1 catalytic ) subunit (3,4). Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits are also called PP1-interact ...
... the specificity and diversity of PP1 function (Figure 2). Regulatory subunits of PP1 is written as PPP1R (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits), which binds to PPP1C/PP1c/PP1 (protein phosphatase 1 catalytic ) subunit (3,4). Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunits are also called PP1-interact ...
The common northern periwinkle, Littorina littorea
... (Greenway and Storey, 2001). However, L. littorea muscle PK showed similar sensitivity to anoxia in both seasons (Greenway and Storey, 200). Seasonal changes in isoform and in anoxia effects on enzymes may aid prolonged periods of cold-induced inactivity with closed valves or opercula and self-impos ...
... (Greenway and Storey, 2001). However, L. littorea muscle PK showed similar sensitivity to anoxia in both seasons (Greenway and Storey, 200). Seasonal changes in isoform and in anoxia effects on enzymes may aid prolonged periods of cold-induced inactivity with closed valves or opercula and self-impos ...
QC of RNA - Prostate Cancer Biorepository Network
... o Treat 50 µl of RNA (<200 µg/ml) with 1 µL DNase I. Refer to standard protocol for ‘Removal of Contaminating Genomic DNA from RNA’ (37°C for 30 min). o Heat inactivate at 75°C for 10 min following addition of EDTA to a final concentration 5 mM. cDNA synthesized using SuperScript First Strand Synthe ...
... o Treat 50 µl of RNA (<200 µg/ml) with 1 µL DNase I. Refer to standard protocol for ‘Removal of Contaminating Genomic DNA from RNA’ (37°C for 30 min). o Heat inactivate at 75°C for 10 min following addition of EDTA to a final concentration 5 mM. cDNA synthesized using SuperScript First Strand Synthe ...
Chlamydia exploit the mammalian tryptophan-depletion
... Fig. 3. Biochemical pathway for Trp biosynthesis. Fig. 4. Events of Up-Trp and Down-Trp selection in phylogenetic context. Fig. 5. Multiplicity of the TyrP transporter for Trp in the Chlamydiales Order. Fig. 6. Variant menaquinone pathways in nature. Fig. 7. Comparison of the Trp content of the chor ...
... Fig. 3. Biochemical pathway for Trp biosynthesis. Fig. 4. Events of Up-Trp and Down-Trp selection in phylogenetic context. Fig. 5. Multiplicity of the TyrP transporter for Trp in the Chlamydiales Order. Fig. 6. Variant menaquinone pathways in nature. Fig. 7. Comparison of the Trp content of the chor ...
Protein Expression - New England Biolabs
... A rapid method for gene expression analysis, PURExpress is a novel cell-free transcription/translation system reconstituted from purified components necessary for E. coli translation. Express a wide range of proteins free of modification or degradation by simply mixing two tubes followed by the addi ...
... A rapid method for gene expression analysis, PURExpress is a novel cell-free transcription/translation system reconstituted from purified components necessary for E. coli translation. Express a wide range of proteins free of modification or degradation by simply mixing two tubes followed by the addi ...
University of Chicago Department of Human
... provide undergraduate and graduate students with the tool kit required to perform genomic research, I developed a new undergraduate/graduate “Genomics and systems biology” course. In this continuously evolving lecture course, we explore the technologies that enable high-throughput collection of geno ...
... provide undergraduate and graduate students with the tool kit required to perform genomic research, I developed a new undergraduate/graduate “Genomics and systems biology” course. In this continuously evolving lecture course, we explore the technologies that enable high-throughput collection of geno ...
CAMPYLOBACTER
... excluding polymyxin B. Polymyxin B was added after 6 h and the incubation temperature was shifted to 42C. Culture the injured cells on brucella broth supplemented with pyruvate, ferrous sulfate, and sodium bisulphite (FBP) at 37C or 42C for 4 h. Pre-enrichment in non-selective culture broth (nutrien ...
... excluding polymyxin B. Polymyxin B was added after 6 h and the incubation temperature was shifted to 42C. Culture the injured cells on brucella broth supplemented with pyruvate, ferrous sulfate, and sodium bisulphite (FBP) at 37C or 42C for 4 h. Pre-enrichment in non-selective culture broth (nutrien ...
Constitutive expression of RyhB regulates the heme biosynthesis
... sdhCDAB site of the TCA cycle, resulting in the accumulation of succinate and glutamate in E. coli DALRA. To confirm it, we performed a qRT-PCR analysis. Among the genes analyzed in the TCA cycle, sdhB was the most affected (Fig. 4). The relative transcription level of sdhB was down-regulated to onl ...
... sdhCDAB site of the TCA cycle, resulting in the accumulation of succinate and glutamate in E. coli DALRA. To confirm it, we performed a qRT-PCR analysis. Among the genes analyzed in the TCA cycle, sdhB was the most affected (Fig. 4). The relative transcription level of sdhB was down-regulated to onl ...
mRNA
... • Of the 64 triplets, 61 code for amino acids; 3 triplets are “stop” signals to end translation • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid • Codons must be read in the correct reading frame (correct groupings) in order for the specified polypeptide ...
... • Of the 64 triplets, 61 code for amino acids; 3 triplets are “stop” signals to end translation • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid • Codons must be read in the correct reading frame (correct groupings) in order for the specified polypeptide ...
pIVEX - ISBG
... • Prepare a cloning fragment by limited digestion if desired restriction site is present in the gene (refer to the literature given at the end of chapter 4.1). The pIVEX vectors are especially optimized for use in RTS cell-free protein expression systems. However, any DNA inserted into the expressio ...
... • Prepare a cloning fragment by limited digestion if desired restriction site is present in the gene (refer to the literature given at the end of chapter 4.1). The pIVEX vectors are especially optimized for use in RTS cell-free protein expression systems. However, any DNA inserted into the expressio ...
060506-Meeting
... NEED: To transfer genetic information from one bacteria to another MEANS: Bacterial Conjugation NEED: To specifically control who can read the message MEANS: Riboregulation ...
... NEED: To transfer genetic information from one bacteria to another MEANS: Bacterial Conjugation NEED: To specifically control who can read the message MEANS: Riboregulation ...
Jamieson
... oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as DNA, lipids and proteins. Consequently, cells from many different organisms have evolved mechanisms to protect their components against ROS. This review concentrates on the ...
... oxygen, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These are highly reactive and capable of damaging cellular constituents such as DNA, lipids and proteins. Consequently, cells from many different organisms have evolved mechanisms to protect their components against ROS. This review concentrates on the ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.