ANNEX B: Selected Biotechnology Terms
... Antibody – an immunoglobulin that specifically recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant on an antigen. Antibodies destroy or weaken bacteria and neutralize organic poisons, thus forming the basis of immunity. Bioregulators – chemicals or enzymes that control physiological functions, such as ...
... Antibody – an immunoglobulin that specifically recognizes and binds to an antigenic determinant on an antigen. Antibodies destroy or weaken bacteria and neutralize organic poisons, thus forming the basis of immunity. Bioregulators – chemicals or enzymes that control physiological functions, such as ...
genes
... Chapter 10: Genes & Chromosomes 10-3: Regulation of Gene Expression 1. Each cell has a complete set of genes ...
... Chapter 10: Genes & Chromosomes 10-3: Regulation of Gene Expression 1. Each cell has a complete set of genes ...
Inferring the nature of the gene network connectivity
... the expression levels of the n genes at a given time are postulated to be linear combinations of their levels at a previous time In order to learn n² gene interactions, n equations (time points) are needed ...
... the expression levels of the n genes at a given time are postulated to be linear combinations of their levels at a previous time In order to learn n² gene interactions, n equations (time points) are needed ...
Chapter 15 / Lecture Outline 36
... 1. The CAP protein becomes a positive regulator of the lac and other operons after it forms a complex with cAMP 2. While CAP is a positive regulator for many catabolic operons, some positive regulators increase transcription of the genes in only one pathway E. Summary: how DNA-binding proteins contr ...
... 1. The CAP protein becomes a positive regulator of the lac and other operons after it forms a complex with cAMP 2. While CAP is a positive regulator for many catabolic operons, some positive regulators increase transcription of the genes in only one pathway E. Summary: how DNA-binding proteins contr ...
Principles of genetic engineering
... Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology, means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a new genotype. Various kinds of genetic modification are possible: – inserting a foreign gene from one species into another – altering an existing gene so that its product is chan ...
... Genetic engineering, also known as recombinant DNA technology, means altering the genes in a living organism to produce a new genotype. Various kinds of genetic modification are possible: – inserting a foreign gene from one species into another – altering an existing gene so that its product is chan ...
omic glossary
... High-throughput, multiplexed technologies –including microarrays- are changing the way we think about development of new diagnostics and new therapeutic agents. But the most profound changes will come from use of such technologies in combination to obtain an integrated picture at the DNA, RNA, prote ...
... High-throughput, multiplexed technologies –including microarrays- are changing the way we think about development of new diagnostics and new therapeutic agents. But the most profound changes will come from use of such technologies in combination to obtain an integrated picture at the DNA, RNA, prote ...
regulatory gene
... (eukaryotes) to create differentiated cells Also important in cancer prevention and regulation of the cell cycle ...
... (eukaryotes) to create differentiated cells Also important in cancer prevention and regulation of the cell cycle ...
adjusted p-value 3.317x10-25 Position in the ranked list of CD40L
... Supplementary Figure 1: Global gene expression changes of CD40L stimulation are highly comparable in distinct Burkitt Lymphoma cell lines (Ramos and BL2). Geneset Enrichment Analyses were utilized to investigate the similarities of the CD40L effects on gene expression profiles of Ramos and BL2 cells ...
... Supplementary Figure 1: Global gene expression changes of CD40L stimulation are highly comparable in distinct Burkitt Lymphoma cell lines (Ramos and BL2). Geneset Enrichment Analyses were utilized to investigate the similarities of the CD40L effects on gene expression profiles of Ramos and BL2 cells ...
Gene expression of eukaryotic cells
... • certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-originspecific manner Epigenetic inheritance ...
... • certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-originspecific manner Epigenetic inheritance ...
CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION - Doral Academy Preparatory
... VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. regulator gene, repressor protein ...
... VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. regulator gene, repressor protein ...
genomic analysis of regulatory network dynamics reveals
... regulatory system: scale-free, hubs would be invariant features of the network across conditions and the combinatorial transcription factor usage while not the individual one seems to be the key of the regulation of a condition. ...
... regulatory system: scale-free, hubs would be invariant features of the network across conditions and the combinatorial transcription factor usage while not the individual one seems to be the key of the regulation of a condition. ...
CHAPTER 11: Gene Expression
... http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/lacoperon/pluslac2.gif ...
... http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/lacoperon/pluslac2.gif ...
igor_ontologies_pathways
... information Pathway databases specify where is the plays of a specific gene/protein with respect to other genes doing similar jobs ...
... information Pathway databases specify where is the plays of a specific gene/protein with respect to other genes doing similar jobs ...
Supplemental Methods
... http://www.ingenuity.com) for assignment of biologic function and identification of differentially altered genetic networks. Up and down regulated identifiers were defined as value parameters for the analysis. Within the IPA software, a Core Analysis was performed to identify the signaling and metab ...
... http://www.ingenuity.com) for assignment of biologic function and identification of differentially altered genetic networks. Up and down regulated identifiers were defined as value parameters for the analysis. Within the IPA software, a Core Analysis was performed to identify the signaling and metab ...
Essential knowledge 3.B.1
... cell cycle and, thus, functions as a tumor suppressor that is involved in preventing cancer. As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation ...
... cell cycle and, thus, functions as a tumor suppressor that is involved in preventing cancer. As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation ...
Ch. 18 Warm-Up
... Catabolic (break down food for energy) Repressor is active inducer binds to and inactivates repressor Operon is turned ON Eg. lac operon ...
... Catabolic (break down food for energy) Repressor is active inducer binds to and inactivates repressor Operon is turned ON Eg. lac operon ...
Genes - sandsbiochem
... Catabolic (break down food for energy) Repressor is active inducer binds to and inactivates repressor Operon is turned ON Eg. lac operon ...
... Catabolic (break down food for energy) Repressor is active inducer binds to and inactivates repressor Operon is turned ON Eg. lac operon ...
Table S2. Functional classification of differentially expressed genes
... com). Some minor modifications were arbitrarily made when we analyzed the gene expression data to minimize the overestimated numbers of classified genes. To be specific, genes belonging to group of two-component regulatory systems were removed into group of transcriptional regulators; Genes with hyp ...
... com). Some minor modifications were arbitrarily made when we analyzed the gene expression data to minimize the overestimated numbers of classified genes. To be specific, genes belonging to group of two-component regulatory systems were removed into group of transcriptional regulators; Genes with hyp ...
The immunoglobulin-like genetic predetermination of the brain: the
... The Structure and function of protocadherins. Protocadherins are celladhesion molecules. Their morphogenetic capacity is accomplished by their bipartite structure, which is very similar to that of classical cadherins. Besides a transmembraneous section they have an N-terminal extracellular part ...
... The Structure and function of protocadherins. Protocadherins are celladhesion molecules. Their morphogenetic capacity is accomplished by their bipartite structure, which is very similar to that of classical cadherins. Besides a transmembraneous section they have an N-terminal extracellular part ...
Functional Genomics
... There are numerous ways to identify interesting genes. Traditionally, one identified a protein first and then used information about it to identify the corresponding gene. Members of gene families were often found by cross-hybridization techniques. Other methods for identifying genes based on their ...
... There are numerous ways to identify interesting genes. Traditionally, one identified a protein first and then used information about it to identify the corresponding gene. Members of gene families were often found by cross-hybridization techniques. Other methods for identifying genes based on their ...
NetworkAnalysis_11-29
... ‘Small world’ effect: each node can be connected to any other node through relatively few connections ‘Disassortative’: hubs tend NOT to directly connect to one another ‘Robust’: network structure remains despite node removal (up to 80% removal!) ‘Hub vulnerability’: network structure is particularl ...
... ‘Small world’ effect: each node can be connected to any other node through relatively few connections ‘Disassortative’: hubs tend NOT to directly connect to one another ‘Robust’: network structure remains despite node removal (up to 80% removal!) ‘Hub vulnerability’: network structure is particularl ...
Gene regulatory network
A gene regulatory network or genetic regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of regulators thatinteract with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.The regulator can be DNA, RNA, protein and their complex. The interaction can be direct or indirect (through their transcribed RNA or translated protein).In general, each mRNA molecule goes on to make a specific protein (or set of proteins). In some cases this protein will be structural, and will accumulate at the cell membrane or within the cell to give it particular structural properties. In other cases the protein will be an enzyme, i.e., a micro-machine that catalyses a certain reaction, such as the breakdown of a food source or toxin. Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory.In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment. Thus a yeast cell, finding itself in a sugar solution, will turn on genes to make enzymes that process the sugar to alcohol. This process, which we associate with wine-making, is how the yeast cell makes its living, gaining energy to multiply, which under normal circumstances would enhance its survival prospects.In multicellular animals the same principle has been put in the service of gene cascades that control body-shape. Each time a cell divides, two cells result which, although they contain the same genome in full, can differ in which genes are turned on and making proteins. Sometimes a 'self-sustaining feedback loop' ensures that a cell maintains its identity and passes it on. Less understood is the mechanism of epigenetics by which chromatin modification may provide cellular memory by blocking or allowing transcription. A major feature of multicellular animals is the use of morphogen gradients, which in effect provide a positioning system that tells a cell where in the body it is, and hence what sort of cell to become. A gene that is turned on in one cell may make a product that leaves the cell and diffuses through adjacent cells, entering them and turning on genes only when it is present above a certain threshold level. These cells are thus induced into a new fate, and may even generate other morphogens that signal back to the original cell. Over longer distances morphogens may use the active process of signal transduction. Such signalling controls embryogenesis, the building of a body plan from scratch through a series of sequential steps. They also control and maintain adult bodies through feedback processes, and the loss of such feedback because of a mutation can be responsible for the cell proliferation that is seen in cancer. In parallel with this process of building structure, the gene cascade turns on genes that make structural proteins that give each cell the physical properties it needs.It has been suggested that, because biological molecular interactions are intrinsically stochastic, gene networks are the result of cellular processes and not their cause (i.e. cellular Darwinism). However, recent experimental evidence has favored the attractor view of cell fates.