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Gene Regulation -
Gene Regulation -

... Z codes for β-galactosidase; Y codes for lactose permease, a protein that functions to actively bring lactose from outside to cell to the inside, even against a concentration gradient. A codes for transacetylase, an enzyme that is also needed to breakdown many sugars related to lactose. One long mRN ...
File - Biology with Radjewski
File - Biology with Radjewski

... • Genetic regulatory proteins regulate when, how, and to what extent a gene is expressed ...
CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY SUBTRACK
CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY SUBTRACK

... Molecular dynamics of biological systems, metabolism of lipids and nitrogen-containing compounds; information transfer in prokaryotes, eukaryotes; recombinant DNA techniques; chemistry and enzymology of replication, transcription, translation, cell transformation, regulation of gene expression. Prer ...
(Simple) Physical Models of Protein Folding
(Simple) Physical Models of Protein Folding

... •Linear polymer chain composed of tens (peptides) to thousands (proteins) of monome •Monomers are 20 naturally occurring amino acids •Different proteins have different amino acid sequences •Structureless, extended unfolded state •Compact, ‘unique’ native folded state (with secondary and tertiary str ...
Syllabus: Biochem 104b
Syllabus: Biochem 104b

... Biochem 104b deals with a topic that is a very active area of research. Many of the fundamental driving forces that shape macromolecules are only partially understood. In addition, biological macromolecules are very large and complex systems and so might evade rigorous quantitative analysis even if ...
III Transcriptional Regulation
III Transcriptional Regulation

... In F. fujikuroi, the biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs) and bikaverin, both nitrogen-free metabolites, is under control of AreA-mediated nitrogen metabolite repression. However, the signalling components acting upstream of AreA,and regulatory proteins, affecting AreA activity by protein-protein inte ...
Chemical Approaches for Quantitative and Functional Proteomics
Chemical Approaches for Quantitative and Functional Proteomics

... Can you propose a fragmentation mechanism? Below: “Normal” MS peptide fragmentation ...
PowerPoint 1.5MB - The Biomolecular Modeling & Computational
PowerPoint 1.5MB - The Biomolecular Modeling & Computational

... Prediction by induction Concept: Homologous sequences fold into similar structures ...
Slide 1 - Genomecluster at Oakland University
Slide 1 - Genomecluster at Oakland University

... • Swiss-Prot is an annotated protein sequence database that was established in 1986. Currently, maintained collaboratively at – The Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) – The European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) ...
Practical molecular biology
Practical molecular biology

... Replication origin defines the host bacteria: ColE1 replication origin is required for E.coli Replication origin may define the number of plasmid copies per bacterial cell Bacteria may lose recombinant plasmid during cultivation due to the absence of partitioning system (par). Naturally occurring pl ...
Chapt16_lecture
Chapt16_lecture

... – trp repressor binds to the operator to block transcription – binding of repressor to the operator requires a corepressor which is tryptophan – low levels of tryptophan prevent the repressor from binding to the operator ...
(GRP78) gene in silkworm Bombyx mori
(GRP78) gene in silkworm Bombyx mori

... of larvae were dissected out and stored in liquid nitrogen for RNA extractions. For thermal stress, larvae (L5D3, 20 animals/group) were cultured at 30 ◦C for 24 hours, followed by 35 ◦C for 24 hours, and 40 ◦C for 24 hours. Six larvae were randomly selected from each group, and their heads were pre ...
Gene Section PLCB2 (phospholipase C, beta 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section PLCB2 (phospholipase C, beta 2) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... and biological and clinic-pathological factors, it has been found that the expression of PLC-b2 strikingly correlates with histological grade, mitotic index and size of primary tumors. No differences in PLC-b2 amount were found in breast tumors that express estrogens and/or progesterone receptors, w ...
Teacher practical Make your own protein Specification references
Teacher practical Make your own protein Specification references

... Provide students with a worksheet that explains how to build proteins using a DNA template. You will need to provide the DNA template and table to read the codons. One is supplied in the example data below, but could be customised to suit your equipment. You could introduce complexity by having a se ...
Addition of the following reactions responsible for the synthesis of
Addition of the following reactions responsible for the synthesis of

... a. phosphatidate, old: C1836H3398O400P50, new: C1682H3116O413P50 b. phosphatidylglycerol, old: C1986H3748O500P50, new: C1832H3466O513P50 c. phosphatidylserine, old: C1986H3698N50O500P50, new: C1832H3416N50O513P50 d. CDP-diacylglycerol, old: C2286H3998N150O750P100, new: C2132H3716N150O763P100 e. card ...
Nutrients
Nutrients

... gut fermentors (require in their diet) ...
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

... It produces tRNA molecules with their CCA 3' ends covalently linked to an amino acid Each tRNA is aminoacylated(or charged) with a specific amino acid by an aminoacyl tRNA synthase. There is normally a single aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for each amino acid, despite the fact that there can be more than ...
The Biology of
The Biology of

... helix and beta sheets • (A) is example of an alpha helix. The hydrogen bonds (dotted lines) are between oxygen atoms (red) and hydrogen atoms (white) (shown in this case as occurring every fourth pair of amino acids along the protein). • (B) shows examples of beta-sheets held together by hydrogen bo ...
Bio background
Bio background

... Several types exist, classified by function  mRNA – this is what is usually being referred to when a Bioinformatician says “RNA”. This is used to carry a gene’s message out of the nucleus.  tRNA – transfers genetic information from mRNA to an amino acid sequence  rRNA – ribosomal RNA. Part of the ...
Gene Section EIF4EBP1 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1)
Gene Section EIF4EBP1 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1)

... another initiation factor, eIF4G, that is essential for polypeptide chain initiation. Thus the availability of eIF4E for translation of cap-dependent mRNAs is limited by the extent to which this factor is sequestered by the 4E-BPs. 4E-BP1 is reversibly phosphorylated at multiple sites (see diagram a ...
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME

... C. transposons or transposon-like elements. D. satellite sequences. 40. Based on the sequencing of Craig Venter’s diploid genome, researchers have determined that A. genomes of different individuals are even more similar than previously thought B. genomes of different individuals display greater div ...
Lecture slides
Lecture slides

... terms of molecules (in the sense of physicalchemistry) and then applying “informatics” techniques (derived from disciplines such as applied math, CS, and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large-scale. • Bioinformatics is a practical discipli ...
Biology 3.3 - Describe the role of DNA in relation to gene
Biology 3.3 - Describe the role of DNA in relation to gene

... – the penicillinase gene (via a plasmid) – then the methicillin resistance gene mec Mec: • Originated in S. scuiri another species of Staphylococcus • Located in a mobile piece of DNA that contains its own enzymes for moving it around the genome • This piece of DNA is called the Staphylococcal casse ...
Characterisation of glycogenic and ketogenic metabolic pathways
Characterisation of glycogenic and ketogenic metabolic pathways

... WP 1: Characterisation of glycogenic and ketogenic metabolic pathways following diets of industrial refined proteins Background: The use of whey protein as a source of amino acids and its effect on reducing risks of diseases such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes [6,7] is the focus of ongoing re ...
BioInformatics (1)
BioInformatics (1)

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Expression vector

An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for protein expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins.The plasmid is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the production of protein, and this may be achieve by the production of significant amount of stable messenger RNA, which can then be translated into protein. The protein may be expressed constitutively, or induced when necessary using an inducer. Escherichia coli is commonly used as the host for protein expression, other cell types however may also be used. An example of the use of expression vector is the production of insulin which is used for medical treatments of diabetes.
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