6. DNA transcription/translation
... • Once the start codon has been identified, the ribosome incorporates amino acids into a polypeptide chain • RNA is decoded by tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules, which each transport specific amino acids to the growing chain • Translation ends when a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) is reached ...
... • Once the start codon has been identified, the ribosome incorporates amino acids into a polypeptide chain • RNA is decoded by tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules, which each transport specific amino acids to the growing chain • Translation ends when a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) is reached ...
Basics of sequence analysis Ch.6 and Ch.7
... Should result of alignment include all amino acids or proteins or just those that "match"? If yes, a global alignment is desired In a global alignment, presence of mismatched elements is neutral - doesn't affect overall match score Should result of alignment include all amino acids or proteins or j ...
... Should result of alignment include all amino acids or proteins or just those that "match"? If yes, a global alignment is desired In a global alignment, presence of mismatched elements is neutral - doesn't affect overall match score Should result of alignment include all amino acids or proteins or j ...
Transcriptome and metabolite profiling the infection cycle of
... investigated both pathogen and host at two time points during the initial symptomless interaction (4- and 10-dpi) and at the onset of first symptoms (the transitional phase) which occurred at 13-dpi in these experiments. This study confirmed many previously published fungal transcriptional responses ...
... investigated both pathogen and host at two time points during the initial symptomless interaction (4- and 10-dpi) and at the onset of first symptoms (the transitional phase) which occurred at 13-dpi in these experiments. This study confirmed many previously published fungal transcriptional responses ...
... which is indicative of metastases of prostate cancer. In accordance with another aspect of the present In such a diagnostic assay, a nucleic acid sequence in a invention, there is also provided nucleic acid probes comsample derived from a tissue other than the prostate is prising nucleic acid molecu ...
p53 regulation and function in normal cells and tumors
... integrity of inherited genetic information from the consequences of such exposure include the pathway of the tumor suppressor p53 protein, a guardian of the genome. p53 is a DNA binding protein; attention has focused on its specific binding to a consensus sequence within promoter regions of growth i ...
... integrity of inherited genetic information from the consequences of such exposure include the pathway of the tumor suppressor p53 protein, a guardian of the genome. p53 is a DNA binding protein; attention has focused on its specific binding to a consensus sequence within promoter regions of growth i ...
Expression of discoidin domain receptor 1 tyrosine kinase on the
... domain). The DDR1 ligand is the extracellular matrix protein collagen. To identify receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) involved in control of growth and differentiation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, a polymerase chain reactionbased search for RTKs in HBE cells was performed. DDR1 was the m ...
... domain). The DDR1 ligand is the extracellular matrix protein collagen. To identify receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) involved in control of growth and differentiation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, a polymerase chain reactionbased search for RTKs in HBE cells was performed. DDR1 was the m ...
Fast Adaptive Coevolution of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Subunits of
... We also had the chance to test whether the mtDNA from Old World monkeys (rhesus macaque or baboon) could be replaced by an ape mtDNA (human or orangutan) or by each other’s mtDNA. We were unable to rescue clones in the selective medium for OXPHOS function when either rhesus macaque or baboon were us ...
... We also had the chance to test whether the mtDNA from Old World monkeys (rhesus macaque or baboon) could be replaced by an ape mtDNA (human or orangutan) or by each other’s mtDNA. We were unable to rescue clones in the selective medium for OXPHOS function when either rhesus macaque or baboon were us ...
C7orf30 is necessary for biogenesis of the large
... (residues 6–105), which has been reported to associate with the large subunit (50S) of the bacterial ribosome (9,17) and 29% sequence identity with iojap of Zea mays (residues 116–213), a protein which is involved in the regulation of chloroplast ribosome stability (10,11). Additionally, 24% of resi ...
... (residues 6–105), which has been reported to associate with the large subunit (50S) of the bacterial ribosome (9,17) and 29% sequence identity with iojap of Zea mays (residues 116–213), a protein which is involved in the regulation of chloroplast ribosome stability (10,11). Additionally, 24% of resi ...
Exercise Controls Gene Expression
... molecules and released back into circulation to supply the brain. Thus the induction of PDK4 in skeletal muscle during the latter portion of a long exercise bout appears to serve as a natural defense mechanism reflecting priority given to the metabolic needs of the brain. Why then would PDK4 remain ...
... molecules and released back into circulation to supply the brain. Thus the induction of PDK4 in skeletal muscle during the latter portion of a long exercise bout appears to serve as a natural defense mechanism reflecting priority given to the metabolic needs of the brain. Why then would PDK4 remain ...
Regulation 1. Short term control
... (a) compartmentation: This was not described overtly as a control mechanism, but is implicit in the situation of β-oxidation of fatty acids (degradation) occuring inside the mitochondria and synthesis occuring in the cytoplasm. In this way, if one pathway is turned on, there is no competition from t ...
... (a) compartmentation: This was not described overtly as a control mechanism, but is implicit in the situation of β-oxidation of fatty acids (degradation) occuring inside the mitochondria and synthesis occuring in the cytoplasm. In this way, if one pathway is turned on, there is no competition from t ...
Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the 3
... sequences of HindIII-CluI, CluI-EcoRI, EcoRI-BglII and BglII-Hind111 fragments could be clearly read from one end to the other. However, if there were two proximal CluI sites or an EcoRI or BglII site which could not be detected by mapping with restriction endonucleases, they would be missed. To tes ...
... sequences of HindIII-CluI, CluI-EcoRI, EcoRI-BglII and BglII-Hind111 fragments could be clearly read from one end to the other. However, if there were two proximal CluI sites or an EcoRI or BglII site which could not be detected by mapping with restriction endonucleases, they would be missed. To tes ...
Probabilistic Reconciliation Analysis for Genes and Pseudogenes
... that new gene functions may emerge from refashioned copies of old genes based on cytological observations of chromosomal duplications. This highlighted, for the first time, the importance of gene duplication in the evolution of genomes. Later in 1944, Avery et al. [5] showed through experiments that ...
... that new gene functions may emerge from refashioned copies of old genes based on cytological observations of chromosomal duplications. This highlighted, for the first time, the importance of gene duplication in the evolution of genomes. Later in 1944, Avery et al. [5] showed through experiments that ...
Gene Section DNMT1 (DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... (Dnmt1Chip/-) induced sarcomas at an earlier age compared with NPcis littermates possessing normal levels of DNA methylation (Dnmt1Chip/+) (Eden et al., 2003). The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) rate was increased in hypomethylated cells in Dnmt1Chip/mice. One of the proposed roles of DNA methylation ...
... (Dnmt1Chip/-) induced sarcomas at an earlier age compared with NPcis littermates possessing normal levels of DNA methylation (Dnmt1Chip/+) (Eden et al., 2003). The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) rate was increased in hypomethylated cells in Dnmt1Chip/mice. One of the proposed roles of DNA methylation ...
Transcriptome analysis of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L
... Background: Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L., Euphorbiaceae) is a potential oilseed crop because the seeds of this plant are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). In particular, the fatty acid composition of its seed oil differs markedly in containing large quantities of α-linolenic acid (18C:3 ...
... Background: Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L., Euphorbiaceae) is a potential oilseed crop because the seeds of this plant are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FAs). In particular, the fatty acid composition of its seed oil differs markedly in containing large quantities of α-linolenic acid (18C:3 ...
No Slide Title
... Regulating transcription Telling RNA pol to copy a DNA sequence Transcription factors bind promoters & control initiation of transcription 1/signal gene senses 1 binding site/signal gene senses ...
... Regulating transcription Telling RNA pol to copy a DNA sequence Transcription factors bind promoters & control initiation of transcription 1/signal gene senses 1 binding site/signal gene senses ...
Michael Z. Lin and Lei Wang
... one arsenic atom (1). Recently, sequences surrounding the CCXXCC core have been optimized for improved ReAsH and FlAsH affinity, with their effects presumably being mediated by increased hydrophobic contacts between peptide and ligand outside of the arsenic-sulfur bonds (45). In being isolated from ...
... one arsenic atom (1). Recently, sequences surrounding the CCXXCC core have been optimized for improved ReAsH and FlAsH affinity, with their effects presumably being mediated by increased hydrophobic contacts between peptide and ligand outside of the arsenic-sulfur bonds (45). In being isolated from ...
Leukaemia Section t(14;22)(q32;q11) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... IGK (2p12), IGH (14q32), and IGL (22q11) are often seen, especially in NHL, but it is uncommon that these genes are recombined with each other. None of these genes are known oncogenes, so how juxtaposition or fusion of the IGH and IGL in the t(14;22)(q32;q11) might act pathogenetically is completely ...
... IGK (2p12), IGH (14q32), and IGL (22q11) are often seen, especially in NHL, but it is uncommon that these genes are recombined with each other. None of these genes are known oncogenes, so how juxtaposition or fusion of the IGH and IGL in the t(14;22)(q32;q11) might act pathogenetically is completely ...
Human cloning - 10EssentialScience
... The success rate of cloning has been low: Dolly the sheep was born after 277 eggs were to create 29 embryos, which only produced three lambs at birth, only one of which lived, Dolly. 70 calves have been created from 9,000 attempts and one third of them died young; Prometea took 328 attempts, and, mo ...
... The success rate of cloning has been low: Dolly the sheep was born after 277 eggs were to create 29 embryos, which only produced three lambs at birth, only one of which lived, Dolly. 70 calves have been created from 9,000 attempts and one third of them died young; Prometea took 328 attempts, and, mo ...
Self-association of the SET domains of human ALL-1 and of
... mutagenesis of three nonconserved residues located within the SET domain or immediately upstream of it did not aect the interaction. In all cases, the expression level of the mutated polypeptides in yeast was monitored by Western blot analysis (Figure 5b). In parallel, all mutants were examined for ...
... mutagenesis of three nonconserved residues located within the SET domain or immediately upstream of it did not aect the interaction. In all cases, the expression level of the mutated polypeptides in yeast was monitored by Western blot analysis (Figure 5b). In parallel, all mutants were examined for ...
Transcriptome profiling identifies candidate genes associated with
... development, while γ-Glu-Met was the most abundant at maturity. Amino acid concentration was normalized over the average of developmental stages, expressed in a log2 scale, and k-means analysis performed to reveal common developmental patterns. Amino acids were grouped into six clusters (Figure 2B). ...
... development, while γ-Glu-Met was the most abundant at maturity. Amino acid concentration was normalized over the average of developmental stages, expressed in a log2 scale, and k-means analysis performed to reveal common developmental patterns. Amino acids were grouped into six clusters (Figure 2B). ...
Cell biology of carbohydrate metabolism
... 16 h. Twenty-four h later, cells were harvested, and luciferase activity was measured. Data are expressed as the -fold induction by comparing the relative luciferase activity from high glucose samples divided by low glucose samples. Values represent means ± S.D. of triplicate samples. B, functional ...
... 16 h. Twenty-four h later, cells were harvested, and luciferase activity was measured. Data are expressed as the -fold induction by comparing the relative luciferase activity from high glucose samples divided by low glucose samples. Values represent means ± S.D. of triplicate samples. B, functional ...
Document
... •tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenes (cholesterin, steroids and hopanoids) biosynthesis (1 ORF) •breakdown of lipids, fatty acids and isoprenoids (25 ORFs) •lipid, fatty-acid and isoprenoid utilization (26 ORFs) •regulation of lipid, fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism (20 ORFs) •lipid and fatt ...
... •tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenes (cholesterin, steroids and hopanoids) biosynthesis (1 ORF) •breakdown of lipids, fatty acids and isoprenoids (25 ORFs) •lipid, fatty-acid and isoprenoid utilization (26 ORFs) •regulation of lipid, fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism (20 ORFs) •lipid and fatt ...
The Predicted Candidates of Arabidopsis Plastid Inner Envelope
... proteins are removed from our candidate list of 562, the remaining candidates are expected to be highly enriched in envelope proteins. After manual removal of 21 known thylakoid-associated proteins and their homologs, 541 proteins remained as potential candidates for Arabidopsis plastid envelope mem ...
... proteins are removed from our candidate list of 562, the remaining candidates are expected to be highly enriched in envelope proteins. After manual removal of 21 known thylakoid-associated proteins and their homologs, 541 proteins remained as potential candidates for Arabidopsis plastid envelope mem ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Xiamen University
... produces repressor (green), which binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase from entering the/ac structural genes. Instead, the polymerase spends its time making extremely short RNA, no mere than six nucleotides long. (b) Presence of lactose, derepression. The inducer (black) binds to represso ...
... produces repressor (green), which binds to the operator and blocks RNA polymerase from entering the/ac structural genes. Instead, the polymerase spends its time making extremely short RNA, no mere than six nucleotides long. (b) Presence of lactose, derepression. The inducer (black) binds to represso ...
Endogenous retrovirus
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are endogenous viral elements in the genome that closely resemble and can be derived from retroviruses. They are abundant in the genomes of jawed vertebrates, and they comprise up to 5–8% of the human genome (lower estimates of ~1%). ERVs are a subclass of a type of gene called a transposon, which can be packaged and moved within the genome to serve a vital role in gene expression and in regulation. Researchers have suggested that retroviruses evolved from a type of transposable gene called a retrotransposon, which includes ERVs; these genes can mutate and instead of moving to another location in the genome they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that all ERVs may not have originated as an insertion by a retrovirus but that some may have been the source for the genetic information in the retroviruses they resemble.