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13-2 Manipulating DNA
13-2 Manipulating DNA

... The idea behind PCR is surprisingly simple. At one end of a piece of DNA a biologist wants to copy, he or she adds a short piece of DNA that is complementary to a portion of the sequence. At the other end, the biologist adds another short piece of complementary DNA. These short pieces are known as " ...
Nucleic Acids Research
Nucleic Acids Research

... Nucleotide sequence and translated amino acids (in three letter code) of the mouse ERCC-1 cDNA. Amino acids are numbered on the The left and nucleotides are numbered below the sequence. polyadenylation signal AATAAA is underlined. E.coli uvrA and uvrC repair proteins is shown in Figure 2A. Despite t ...
Clicker questions used in the activity, distribution of student answers
Clicker questions used in the activity, distribution of student answers

... This question asks about the effect of a premature stop codon on RNA polymerase. The format used is intentionally similar to that used asking about DNA polymerase (Q4 and 5). Although how DNA polymerases function has already been addressed, many students still answer this question incorrectly and vo ...
Genotyping the Exome of the Black Cottonwood Tree
Genotyping the Exome of the Black Cottonwood Tree

... adaptation in the context of climate change, an understanding of the genomic underpinnings of the relevant traits is essential. Sequence capture has a number of advantages for studies of genetic variation relevant to adaptation in large, unstructured, natural populations, including more consistent a ...
Characterization of cDNAs Induced in Meiotic Prophase in Lily
Characterization of cDNAs Induced in Meiotic Prophase in Lily

... To identify and analyze genes functioning during reproductive cell formation in higher plants, cDNAs harboring the messages induced in meiotic prophase were isolated and characterized. A cDNA library constructed from microsporocytes in meiotic prophase of Lilium longiflorum was screened with a subtr ...
Biochemical and functional characterization of Plasmodium
Biochemical and functional characterization of Plasmodium

... Background:  Emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has created an urgent need for new drug targets. DNA polymerase δ is an essential enzyme required for chromosomal DNA replication and repair, and therefore may be a potential target for anti-malarial drug development. However, little is ...
Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions
Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions

... (Marger and Saier 1993; Paulsen and Skurray 1993) and it was suggested that the conserved sequence may be involved in common functions, such as proton translocation, while specialized functions, such as substrate binding, are encoded by the C-terminal regions (Rouch et al. 1990). The drug extrusion ...
chapter 3: the cell - CM
chapter 3: the cell - CM

... Primary active transport involves pump in plasma membrane that binds and transports solute against its concentration gradient using energy from hydrolysis of ATP • Sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump or Na+/K+ ATPase) is most vital for maintenance of Na+ and K+ concentration gradient homeostasis (Fig ...
Crystal structure of Cas9 in complex with guide RNA and target DNA
Crystal structure of Cas9 in complex with guide RNA and target DNA

... [3], the Cas9–sgRNA system has been attracting much attention as a new, versatile genome-editing technology, which works effectively in various types of cells and organisms. Catalytically dead or inactive Cas9 (referred to as dCas9) can serve as an RNAguided genome-targeting platform, and dCas9-base ...
No evidence for viral sequences in lepidic
No evidence for viral sequences in lepidic

... and with sequences of Uniprot database using BLASTX with an E-value equal to 1E-3. All ...
One, Two, Three: Polycomb Proteins Hit All Dimensions of
One, Two, Three: Polycomb Proteins Hit All Dimensions of

... came from a study of the MADS box protein, AGAMOUS (AG). AG binds two CArG boxes located 1 kb downstream of WUSCHEL (WUS), and is required for the regulation of H3K27me3 levels and repression of WUS expression [61]. The MADS box transcription factor, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP), and the GRAS transc ...
Molecular Biology – Final Laboratory Report
Molecular Biology – Final Laboratory Report

... The gene expression profile of the JAL1 gene indicated that JAL1 is transcribed at low levels 4 hours post-conjugation, and at higher levels 8 hours after conjugation. In order to identify possible processes which the product of the JAL1 gene is involved in, it is necessary to consider what was goin ...
Chapter 10 – DNA Replication
Chapter 10 – DNA Replication

... – Causes deformity in double strand – Old strand is methylated; new strand is not ...
1. ATP powers cellular processes by coupling exergonic and
1. ATP powers cellular processes by coupling exergonic and

... volcanic activity which stimulated terrestrial mutations ...
Silver PA, Brent R, Ptashne M. DNA binding is not
Silver PA, Brent R, Ptashne M. DNA binding is not

... We have shown that chimeric proteins containing as few as the first 74 amino acids of the S. cerevisiae positive regulatory GAL4 protein (GAL4 gene product) fused to Escherichia coli P-galactosidase are localized in the cell nucleus when produced in S. cerevisiae (19) (Fig. 1A to C). By contrast, ch ...
Anatomy of the Gene - University of Missouri
Anatomy of the Gene - University of Missouri

... •We eat food which is composed of chemicals called proteins, ...
DNA
DNA

... mRNA and the separate string of amino acids. The string of amino acids coils to form a protein. ...
storing and using genetic information
storing and using genetic information

... mRNA codon sequences are translated into sequences of amino-acids in polypeptides. ...
DNA SEQUENCING DNA sequencing
DNA SEQUENCING DNA sequencing

... Both of the above approaches are used by Helicos BioSciences. 3. Spatially distributed single polymerase molecules are attached to the solid support, to which a primed template molecule is bound. Larger DNA molecules (up to 10,000 bp) can be used with this technique . This approach is used by Pacifi ...
Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein
Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein

... Chapter 19: Control of Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1. What effects does methylation have on gene expression? Histone acetylation? 2. What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA organization? 3. Other than methylation and histone acetylation, what are some other ways in which gene ...
Events at the Host-Microbial Interface of the Gastrointestinal Tract III
Events at the Host-Microbial Interface of the Gastrointestinal Tract III

... Additionally, the QseBC two-component system is responsible for the transcriptional activation of the flagella regulon in response to QS (17). It is well known that many two-component systems act to positively regulate their own transcription. QseBC is no exception to this rule and has also been sho ...
Molecular Cloning of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)
Molecular Cloning of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)

... of DjBMP in D-V patterning, one should investigate the expression pattern of Djbmp during regeneration of dorsal and ventral parts. However, it is impossible to divide a flat worm into dorsal and ventral pieces. The expression along the dorso-medial region suggests that DjBMP also plays some role in ...
How gene survival depends on their length
How gene survival depends on their length

... coding unit depends on both its nucleotide composition and its length. A substitution inside the coding sequence can exert very di erent e ects on the amino acid sequence of its product. There are silent mutations which do not change the sense of the coding sequence (due to the degeneracy of the gen ...
Biotechnology Lab (Kallas)
Biotechnology Lab (Kallas)

... plasmid (pOSH37/GFP, which encodes an engineered “fusion” protein containing parts of the proteins thioredoxin, the jellyfish Green Fluorescent Protein, and an iron-sulfur protein), into a bacterial expression strain (E. coli AD494(DE3)) for “overproduction” of the “fusion” protein. We will also int ...
How cells use DNA, part 1: TRANSCRIPTION
How cells use DNA, part 1: TRANSCRIPTION

... Section 6.3 ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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