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Synthetic Biology
Synthetic Biology

... combination of a high-specificity, high-affinity, DNA-binding protein with a functional nuclease (such as the endonuclease, FokI). The programmability of the DNA-binding portion of TALENs allows synthetic biologists to deliver virtually any nuclease to any target site of a genome for precise editing ...
Which DNA sequence is most likely to form a hairpin structure? x
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... Which DNA sequence is most likely to form a hairpin structure? A. (5’)TGTCATCAAAAGATGACA(3’) B. (5’)CTCGTATAAAAGTCCGAA(3’) C. (5’)ACACTGTAAAAGTACTGT(3’) D. (5’)GGTCAGTAAAATATGCGA(3’) Nitrites, nitrates, and nitrosamines generate nitrous acid, resulting in which of the following? A. Break phosphodie ...
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis

... – contains the “genetic library” encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in molecules of DNA • code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins • determines which specific proteins are to be made in a particular cell type –determines the function of that cell • The synthesis of proteins involves: – ...
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis

... – contains the “genetic library” encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in molecules of DNA • code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins • determines which specific proteins are to be made in a particular cell type –determines the function of that cell • The synthesis of proteins involves: – ...
Objectives 25
Objectives 25

... - cyclins exists a part of multi-protein complexes that contain cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs); specific CDKs associate with specific cyclins, such as CDK-2 with cyclin A/E, CDK-4 with cyclin D1; CDKs phosphorylate specific protein substrates on serine or threonine residues, which regulates substra ...
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition
Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition

... Use S1 mapping to locate the ends of RNAs and to determine the amount of a given RNA in cells at a given time – Label a ssDNA probe that can only hybridize to transcript of interest – Probe must span the sequence start to finish – After hybridization, treat with S1 nuclease which degrades ssDNA and ...
Fulltext PDF
Fulltext PDF

... One of the important requirements for normal tissue function is that the integrity of DNA is maintained from one division cycle to another. If DNA is damaged due to exposure to ionizing radiation, UV or chemicals, progression in cell cycle is arrested until DNA is repaired. This type of control is k ...
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... Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the blueprint for construction of a protein. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the construction site where the protein is made. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the truck delivering the proper amino acid to the site at the right time. ...
Gene Section MIER1 (mesoderm induction early response 1 homolog (Xenopus laevis))
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Flow of information
Flow of information

... The enzymes involved with holding the RNA nucleotides together are RNA polymerases rather than the DNA polymerases involved in DNA replication. ...
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Chapter 2
Chapter 2

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DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis
DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis

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Introduction to Genetics and Genomics
Introduction to Genetics and Genomics

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... Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that inhibit gene expression in a highly specific manner by binding to and cleaving the target mRNA, thereby preventing translation into the protein. Atugen is using ribozymes expressed from vectors for discovery purposes only, as described in detail below. Gene ...
Lecture 13 - University of Utah
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... “In situ hybridization” of XMAP215 mRNA using an “anti-sense” probe and “sense” controls… See also ECB 10-17 ...
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... as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of mRNA. o RNA polymerase only binds to DNA in an area called the ______________________ region, which has a specific base sequence. The promoters _______________________________________________ ________________________________________ ...
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Unit #3 Retake Ticket Unit 3 Retake Ticket

... a. When a nucleotide is deleted a _____________________ mutation occurs. b. When a nucleotide is added, a ______________________ mutation occurs. c. When one nucleotide is changed for another, it is called a ____________________ mutation. 2. A strand of DNA contains the following bases: ATT CCG GGA ...
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L` `epigenetica` si riferisce a tutti i cambiamenti dell`espressione

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TRANSFORMATION[1] - Eportfolio-NYIT
TRANSFORMATION[1] - Eportfolio-NYIT

... unique, flexible pattern along the DNA helix. Showed first that ComK is sufficient to activate transcription at comG promoter. determined that ComK did not bend DNA when it binds to it - suggesting that a specific interaction is required. Using gel mobility shift , they showed that four molecules of ...
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Non-protein-coding RNA

... The transcription of ribosomal RNA is crucial for cell growth and proliferation, since ribosome biogenesis correlates directly with protein synthesis. The transcription of the ribosomal RNA genes, therefore, must be tightly regulated, considering that ribosomal transcription makes up the majority of ...
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... one nucleotide is incorrect, this could affect the whole protein! • The genetic code is shared by almost all organisms. • For example: UUU codes for Phenylalanine in humans, a cactus, yeast, or an armadillo. ...
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the efficient expression of a eukaryotic gene in a prokaryotic cell free

... determined on SDS-PAGE. Two major polypeptides of 30K and 17.5K correspond to products from cistrons mapped internally on polycistronic TMV RNA. The more pronounced product at 17.5K comigrates with authentic TMV coat protein. Peptide mapping techniques confirm it to be T V coat protein with an extra ...
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Supporting Information Legends Supplementary Table S1

... Supplementary Figure S6. Hypothetical model illustrating SlSUT2-brassinosteroid interaction. The model illustrates a potential sucrose efflux into the periarbuscular space from where it is retrieved by SlSUT2 back into the plant root cells. Efflux might potentially be mediated by still uncharacteriz ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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