`Among contemporaries the most exciting thinker, masterful
... If you are a believer, Martin Heidegger was an unparalleled modern thinker, whose profound diagnoses of the condition of mankind in the twentieth century rightly dominated large tracts of culture, and directed the finest subsequent work in the humanities. If you are not, he is a dismal windbag, whos ...
... If you are a believer, Martin Heidegger was an unparalleled modern thinker, whose profound diagnoses of the condition of mankind in the twentieth century rightly dominated large tracts of culture, and directed the finest subsequent work in the humanities. If you are not, he is a dismal windbag, whos ...
Logical Theories of Intention and the Database Perspective
... structure, and action attitudes capture his inclination towards taking certain actions. In a typical theory, the action attitudes mediate between the informational and motivational attitudes; the agent’s choice of action is dictates by his wants and beliefs. Into these two broad camps fall notions s ...
... structure, and action attitudes capture his inclination towards taking certain actions. In a typical theory, the action attitudes mediate between the informational and motivational attitudes; the agent’s choice of action is dictates by his wants and beliefs. Into these two broad camps fall notions s ...
Ionian Philosophers
... a. He appears to be aware of the uniqueness of his undertaking for he said: “although all the truths which I class among my principles have been known from all time and by all men, there has been no one up to the present, who, so far as I know, has adopted them as the principles of philosophy…as th ...
... a. He appears to be aware of the uniqueness of his undertaking for he said: “although all the truths which I class among my principles have been known from all time and by all men, there has been no one up to the present, who, so far as I know, has adopted them as the principles of philosophy…as th ...
Aristotle and the Problem of Human Knowledge
... Human nature contains within itself something that is divine. Because the life lived according to nous is a life lived according to what is best in us, we do not forget what it is to be human, we realize it most fully (1178a3-5).20 For Aristotle, the composite nature of human beings situates us betw ...
... Human nature contains within itself something that is divine. Because the life lived according to nous is a life lived according to what is best in us, we do not forget what it is to be human, we realize it most fully (1178a3-5).20 For Aristotle, the composite nature of human beings situates us betw ...
Socrates - Ms. Clancy`s Social Studies
... Socrates escape from prison? Why would we say that he has "good" intentions? What motivates Socrates in his decision to accept his punishment? What concept of the "good" does he seem to hold? How does this concept compare to Crito's sense of what is good and right? Who do you agree with? Who has s ...
... Socrates escape from prison? Why would we say that he has "good" intentions? What motivates Socrates in his decision to accept his punishment? What concept of the "good" does he seem to hold? How does this concept compare to Crito's sense of what is good and right? Who do you agree with? Who has s ...
Leibniz Discourse 8
... In Discourse 9, Leibniz says there are only two ways things get created or annihiliated, and that is through either: A) God’s creation or annihilation of the individual monads. B) Coming together of existing monads to create a larger compound or the dissolution of the compound by the scattering of m ...
... In Discourse 9, Leibniz says there are only two ways things get created or annihiliated, and that is through either: A) God’s creation or annihilation of the individual monads. B) Coming together of existing monads to create a larger compound or the dissolution of the compound by the scattering of m ...
Ethics Background on useful readings Asterisks below mark works
... the distinction between “act utilitarianism” and “rule utilitarianism”? Does rule utilitarianism collapse into act utilitarianism? Insofar as it doesn’t, is rule-utilitarianism at all plausible? What roles do moral rules (such as “don’t lie”) play in act utilitarianism? Should a utilitarian advocate ...
... the distinction between “act utilitarianism” and “rule utilitarianism”? Does rule utilitarianism collapse into act utilitarianism? Insofar as it doesn’t, is rule-utilitarianism at all plausible? What roles do moral rules (such as “don’t lie”) play in act utilitarianism? Should a utilitarian advocate ...
PowerPoint Slides - IU School of Liberal Arts @ IUPUI
... • The “Apology” of Socrates near the beginning of “antiquity” for which he takes full responsibility • New Testament Readings which are mostly my work and • The Confessions of Augustine at the close of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages on which he has contributed ...
... • The “Apology” of Socrates near the beginning of “antiquity” for which he takes full responsibility • New Testament Readings which are mostly my work and • The Confessions of Augustine at the close of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages on which he has contributed ...
How Philosophers Die (BAR 10) PDF 160.80kB
... Athens soon repented of its action in killing Socrates: a memorial was built, and his ...
... Athens soon repented of its action in killing Socrates: a memorial was built, and his ...
Morality and Virtue In Poetry and Philosophy
... the organisation of the text. My aim is to discuss the poem in relation to certain ethical questions and to see what relevance it has for us. In other words, the significance of the text, rather than the meaning, is the focus of my concern. Our understanding of Homer, in this sense, was not availabl ...
... the organisation of the text. My aim is to discuss the poem in relation to certain ethical questions and to see what relevance it has for us. In other words, the significance of the text, rather than the meaning, is the focus of my concern. Our understanding of Homer, in this sense, was not availabl ...
Modern Western Philosophy
... (c) Primary qualities and secondary qualities are logically different (d) Primary qualities are objective while secondary qualities are subjective 90. John Locke has divided the qualities of things into ……… and …….. (a) A priori, a posteriori (b) Empirical, intuitive (c) Primary, secondary (d) All o ...
... (c) Primary qualities and secondary qualities are logically different (d) Primary qualities are objective while secondary qualities are subjective 90. John Locke has divided the qualities of things into ……… and …….. (a) A priori, a posteriori (b) Empirical, intuitive (c) Primary, secondary (d) All o ...
The Good Life and the `Radical Contingency of the Ethical`
... diverged so far ago from that which produced these other mammals that it is incoherent to suppose that we might have been such creatures. Nonetheless, there are concerns that do seem to be raised once we adopt a biologically informed genealogical perspective on our origins. Our human nature came int ...
... diverged so far ago from that which produced these other mammals that it is incoherent to suppose that we might have been such creatures. Nonetheless, there are concerns that do seem to be raised once we adopt a biologically informed genealogical perspective on our origins. Our human nature came int ...
Reality and Appearance
... their methods on the empirical sciences. This is how modern thinking assimilates reality and relates to it. In itself this is a very fascinating area for philosophical enquiry, and some philosophers have been bold enough to explore it. What Greek thought sought in reality is altogether different fro ...
... their methods on the empirical sciences. This is how modern thinking assimilates reality and relates to it. In itself this is a very fascinating area for philosophical enquiry, and some philosophers have been bold enough to explore it. What Greek thought sought in reality is altogether different fro ...
Adam Smith, the Last of the Former Virtue Ethicists
... Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, published in the year before Smith’s death. The utilitarian stream began earlier than Bentham, of course—for example in the writings of Smith’s great friend David Hume, though it also has ancient predecessors in the Epicureans, and it had mod ...
... Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, published in the year before Smith’s death. The utilitarian stream began earlier than Bentham, of course—for example in the writings of Smith’s great friend David Hume, though it also has ancient predecessors in the Epicureans, and it had mod ...
Biology and Ethics: A Case for Aristotle`s Theory of
... moral conduct and disposition, rather than happening mechanically or being merely biologically constituted in humans, be actualized through the process of habituation. He explains his position: The virtues therefore, are engendered in us neither by nature nor yet in violation of nature; nature gives ...
... moral conduct and disposition, rather than happening mechanically or being merely biologically constituted in humans, be actualized through the process of habituation. He explains his position: The virtues therefore, are engendered in us neither by nature nor yet in violation of nature; nature gives ...
Philosophy as Wisdom of Love
... we do not know, and to recognize the limit as well as the possibility of knowledge. Wisdom involves an active awareness that forms a living context in which knowledge is placed under a proper perspective and finds meaning and application in real life. In wisdom, knowing, feeling, and willing are uni ...
... we do not know, and to recognize the limit as well as the possibility of knowledge. Wisdom involves an active awareness that forms a living context in which knowledge is placed under a proper perspective and finds meaning and application in real life. In wisdom, knowing, feeling, and willing are uni ...
Problems Of Metaphysical Philosophy
... question to which answer or solution has to be given. When we therefore speak of the problems of metaphysical philosophy we have in mind those recurrent issues in metaphysics which border on human existence and influence our daily existence. We say these problems are recurrent in the sense that they ...
... question to which answer or solution has to be given. When we therefore speak of the problems of metaphysical philosophy we have in mind those recurrent issues in metaphysics which border on human existence and influence our daily existence. We say these problems are recurrent in the sense that they ...
philosophical skepticism at the end of the 20th century
... skeptic if he takes distance from his ideas and from what he indeed is. He doubts all, but he is his own master. He masters himself. This is not my case. And if my despair had serious grounds, doubt was my salvation. This is why I have such a great weakness for it, and since I am so grateful, I have ...
... skeptic if he takes distance from his ideas and from what he indeed is. He doubts all, but he is his own master. He masters himself. This is not my case. And if my despair had serious grounds, doubt was my salvation. This is why I have such a great weakness for it, and since I am so grateful, I have ...
God, Matter, and Information: Towards a Stoicizing Logos Christology
... (and beyond that), without thereby conflating God the creator and the world of creation. The conception of God as creator, hence as the ultimate source of all material processes, points to a remaining Platonizing element in all kinds of theism (here broadly conceived of as including the Trinitarian ...
... (and beyond that), without thereby conflating God the creator and the world of creation. The conception of God as creator, hence as the ultimate source of all material processes, points to a remaining Platonizing element in all kinds of theism (here broadly conceived of as including the Trinitarian ...
Agreement-Based Practical Justification: A Comment on Wolff S
... political philosophy’s relevance in the public policy context, according to Wolff, is that the search for the correct moral judgment with regard to a particular issue may lead philosophers in the wrong direction. The moral view that will have most traction in the public policy context is not necessa ...
... political philosophy’s relevance in the public policy context, according to Wolff, is that the search for the correct moral judgment with regard to a particular issue may lead philosophers in the wrong direction. The moral view that will have most traction in the public policy context is not necessa ...
Basic Concepts and Distinctions - The University of Texas at Arlington
... Sentences, unlike propositions, are linguistic entities, which means that they are always in particular languages, such as English, German, Swahili, or Latin. Propositions, which are in no particular language, are what indicative (declarative) sentences express, assert, or signify.12 Two different i ...
... Sentences, unlike propositions, are linguistic entities, which means that they are always in particular languages, such as English, German, Swahili, or Latin. Propositions, which are in no particular language, are what indicative (declarative) sentences express, assert, or signify.12 Two different i ...
-1- HUSSERL`S DISCOVERY OF PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE
... doctrine of the phenomenological reduction, by showing that even if the empirical world and the empirical ego are put out of action, there would still be a domain left over for philosophical investigation, just as their would still be a domain of logical necessity. The way in which the elements in ...
... doctrine of the phenomenological reduction, by showing that even if the empirical world and the empirical ego are put out of action, there would still be a domain left over for philosophical investigation, just as their would still be a domain of logical necessity. The way in which the elements in ...
Handout
... beliefs, or judgments. (What allows Descartes to do this is the medieval Christian view that our awareness of things is an intention, i.e., an act of will whose goal is to correspond to the object of the intention; see [III D] below.) This leads to an entirely new view of con-scientia inaugurated by ...
... beliefs, or judgments. (What allows Descartes to do this is the medieval Christian view that our awareness of things is an intention, i.e., an act of will whose goal is to correspond to the object of the intention; see [III D] below.) This leads to an entirely new view of con-scientia inaugurated by ...
Validity of Moral Norms - Interamerican Journal of Psychology
... “ethical crisis”, what might be the inverse of this kind of world? The most natural response is the following: in both ancient Greco-Roman world and Middle Ages civilizations, an “ethical crisis” would have been unimaginable, because in both cases individual freedom could not be conceived of as a fa ...
... “ethical crisis”, what might be the inverse of this kind of world? The most natural response is the following: in both ancient Greco-Roman world and Middle Ages civilizations, an “ethical crisis” would have been unimaginable, because in both cases individual freedom could not be conceived of as a fa ...
Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. Because of this, the Stoics presented their philosophy as a way of life, and they thought that the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how that person behaved.Later Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that, because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage was immune to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase ""stoic calm"", though the phrase does not include the ""radical ethical"" Stoic views that only a sage can be considered truly free, and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.From its founding, Stoic doctrine was popular with a following in Roman Greece and throughout the Roman Empire — including the Emperor Marcus Aurelius — until the closing of all pagan philosophy schools in 529 AD by order of the Emperor Justinian I, who perceived them as being at odds with Christian faith. Neostoicism was a syncretic philosophical movement, joining Stoicism and Christianity, influenced by Justus Lipsius.