9/5/2006 - University of Pittsburgh
... But classical American pragmatism can also be seen differently, as a movement of world historical significance—as the announcement, commencement, and first formulation of the fighting faith of a second Enlightenment. For the pragmatists, like their Enlightenment predecessors, reason is the sovereign ...
... But classical American pragmatism can also be seen differently, as a movement of world historical significance—as the announcement, commencement, and first formulation of the fighting faith of a second Enlightenment. For the pragmatists, like their Enlightenment predecessors, reason is the sovereign ...
Resolving an Ethical Dilemma
... that he becomes dangerously self-righteous. Word of his exploits could lead to his being imitated by others in a way that impedes the broad social benefits that flow from respecting rights of ownership. Yet even Mill' s brand of utilitarianism cannot avoid certain difficulties. First, some question ...
... that he becomes dangerously self-righteous. Word of his exploits could lead to his being imitated by others in a way that impedes the broad social benefits that flow from respecting rights of ownership. Yet even Mill' s brand of utilitarianism cannot avoid certain difficulties. First, some question ...
Ethics and Morality
... as a basis of life that doesn't have to be rationally questioned. Ethics on the other hand is the philosophical reflection upon these rules and ways of living together, the customs and habits of individuals, groups or mankind as such. This comes close to the conception of Aristotle. In ancient Greek ...
... as a basis of life that doesn't have to be rationally questioned. Ethics on the other hand is the philosophical reflection upon these rules and ways of living together, the customs and habits of individuals, groups or mankind as such. This comes close to the conception of Aristotle. In ancient Greek ...
History and Moral Exempla in Enlightenment
... eighteenth-century thought along lines defined by the concept of disinterestedness. He proves that “neither Kant himself nor those of his predecessors who first introduced the idea of the disinterestedness of judgments of beauty, namely Anthony Ashley Cooper, the third Earl of Shaftesbury, and Franci ...
... eighteenth-century thought along lines defined by the concept of disinterestedness. He proves that “neither Kant himself nor those of his predecessors who first introduced the idea of the disinterestedness of judgments of beauty, namely Anthony Ashley Cooper, the third Earl of Shaftesbury, and Franci ...
Philosophy without Intuitions, by Herman Cappelen. Oxford: Oxford
... the victim was killed in the bedroom and then the body was dragged into the bathroom’). In any case, ‘seem’ does not denote genuine kinds of conscious episodes, as some epistemologists of intuitions have it, at least with respect to ordinary English. ‘It seems to me that Fred and others are nuts and ...
... the victim was killed in the bedroom and then the body was dragged into the bathroom’). In any case, ‘seem’ does not denote genuine kinds of conscious episodes, as some epistemologists of intuitions have it, at least with respect to ordinary English. ‘It seems to me that Fred and others are nuts and ...
Ethics or Morality
... nineteenth century, morals had some academic standing and there were philosophical treatises on morals. Today, "morals" has a pinched meaning similar to “moralize” and is often restricted to a sexual connotation. A politician caught selling influence will be accused of an ethics violation. If he is ...
... nineteenth century, morals had some academic standing and there were philosophical treatises on morals. Today, "morals" has a pinched meaning similar to “moralize” and is often restricted to a sexual connotation. A politician caught selling influence will be accused of an ethics violation. If he is ...
deductive reasoning
... A rational investigation into a range of topics and aspects of human existence Who does Philosophy? Everyone, particularly anyone that asks philosophical questions. Why do we do Philosophy? Many philosophical inquiries are important. Not everything can be investigated scientifically. Philosophy can ...
... A rational investigation into a range of topics and aspects of human existence Who does Philosophy? Everyone, particularly anyone that asks philosophical questions. Why do we do Philosophy? Many philosophical inquiries are important. Not everything can be investigated scientifically. Philosophy can ...
Many-Valued Logic
... our choices depend on our conscious decisions and therefore upon phenomenology involved into these. If determinism is true, then possible worlds or situations are determined in advance. But if there is freedom, then there is wiggle room for our decisions and for the subsequent branching. The choice ...
... our choices depend on our conscious decisions and therefore upon phenomenology involved into these. If determinism is true, then possible worlds or situations are determined in advance. But if there is freedom, then there is wiggle room for our decisions and for the subsequent branching. The choice ...
ARISTOTLEAN VIRTUE AND CONTEMPORARY PUNISHMENT
... Harm done in ignorance which is due to intoxication or negligence is blameworthy, and the ascription of responsibility is proper because of that blameworthiness.40 Although this Aristotelian concept might not seem consistent with his earlier theory of the preclusion of punishment without voluntarin ...
... Harm done in ignorance which is due to intoxication or negligence is blameworthy, and the ascription of responsibility is proper because of that blameworthiness.40 Although this Aristotelian concept might not seem consistent with his earlier theory of the preclusion of punishment without voluntarin ...
12 Purva Mimamsa and Vedanta
... We cannot attribute any quality to them, because qualities are born of the mind. That which is quality-less must be one; x is without qualities, it only takes qualities of the mind; so does y; therefore these x and y are one.”127 When we try to decipher what we mean when we say ‘we know’ we see that ...
... We cannot attribute any quality to them, because qualities are born of the mind. That which is quality-less must be one; x is without qualities, it only takes qualities of the mind; so does y; therefore these x and y are one.”127 When we try to decipher what we mean when we say ‘we know’ we see that ...
the filipinos in their hybrid logical conversations: a preliminary study
... 2. Is It Really Fallacious to be Ambiguous? To maintain the philosophical thrust of this paper, I would like to stick to the definition above that ambiguity manifests itself in statements that could be interpreted in two or more different meanings that are at the same time unclear with what are bein ...
... 2. Is It Really Fallacious to be Ambiguous? To maintain the philosophical thrust of this paper, I would like to stick to the definition above that ambiguity manifests itself in statements that could be interpreted in two or more different meanings that are at the same time unclear with what are bein ...
The Problem of Substance in Metaphysics
... During the Modern Period, there emerged an intense interest in the problem of substance. Descartes defined substance as that which exists requiring nothing else to exists. As such, a substance is that which exists on its own. He proposed three kinds of substances: God, the human mind and matter. Spi ...
... During the Modern Period, there emerged an intense interest in the problem of substance. Descartes defined substance as that which exists requiring nothing else to exists. As such, a substance is that which exists on its own. He proposed three kinds of substances: God, the human mind and matter. Spi ...
introduction: the task of thinking reality
... usually very little understood. To know something is a reality that speaks to the objective and subjective poles of existence. First, knowledge is of something that is grasped by the mind in its truth, and, second, it is the intellect that is modified in some way by the presence of knowledge in it. ...
... usually very little understood. To know something is a reality that speaks to the objective and subjective poles of existence. First, knowledge is of something that is grasped by the mind in its truth, and, second, it is the intellect that is modified in some way by the presence of knowledge in it. ...
naturalistic theory
... Stoic ethics concerns the right use of reason. The ultimate rational agent is fully rational in everything he does, assenting only to those presentations that are true and acting only in ways that reasonable. Nature makes an animal congenial to itself ...
... Stoic ethics concerns the right use of reason. The ultimate rational agent is fully rational in everything he does, assenting only to those presentations that are true and acting only in ways that reasonable. Nature makes an animal congenial to itself ...
MacIntyre and Emotivism
... others to believe a moral statement and allowing them to evaluate the reasons for it for themselves; there is no reason each of us can have for our own moral beliefs — rather, they are grounded only in our own choice (compare: “self as a value base”) ...
... others to believe a moral statement and allowing them to evaluate the reasons for it for themselves; there is no reason each of us can have for our own moral beliefs — rather, they are grounded only in our own choice (compare: “self as a value base”) ...
Philosophy, Spoken Word, Written Text and Beyond
... vestigations dated January 1945 there appears what at first might be taken as a personal comment on his unsuccessful attempt to produce a coherent piece of writing: It was my intention at first to bring all this together in a book whose form I pictured differently at different times. But the essenti ...
... vestigations dated January 1945 there appears what at first might be taken as a personal comment on his unsuccessful attempt to produce a coherent piece of writing: It was my intention at first to bring all this together in a book whose form I pictured differently at different times. But the essenti ...
Moral Optimism versus Moral Pessimism
... In the discourse on morality man remains the central or key actor. He is described either as good or evil above other defining attributes. Teleologism primarily is associated with the ascription of goodness to nature. Since man is significant specie of nature, goodness is an end ascribable to human ...
... In the discourse on morality man remains the central or key actor. He is described either as good or evil above other defining attributes. Teleologism primarily is associated with the ascription of goodness to nature. Since man is significant specie of nature, goodness is an end ascribable to human ...
THE MORAL SANCTION THE idea of a moral sanction has given
... regulate not only the goodness 01' evil of our acts but the universal reality which exists OOth in and outside of us as individuals, that is to say, that it govern nature, society, the body and soul of the moral subj'ect, for all these play their parts in the sanctioning of human acts. In short, we ...
... regulate not only the goodness 01' evil of our acts but the universal reality which exists OOth in and outside of us as individuals, that is to say, that it govern nature, society, the body and soul of the moral subj'ect, for all these play their parts in the sanctioning of human acts. In short, we ...
Religion and Environmental Ethics
... However the Buddha’s constant advice to his disciples was to resort to natural habitats such as the forests. There, undisturbed by human activity, they could devote themselves to meditation. The open air, natural habitats and forest trees have a special fascination for the Eastern mind as symbols of ...
... However the Buddha’s constant advice to his disciples was to resort to natural habitats such as the forests. There, undisturbed by human activity, they could devote themselves to meditation. The open air, natural habitats and forest trees have a special fascination for the Eastern mind as symbols of ...
The Contemporary Relevance of Aristotle`s Thought
... it is especially the genetical aspect of his approach that has attracted the interest of biologists. One of these, M. Delbrück, has seen Aristotle’s concept of a form, which guides the development of the embryo without existing as a material part of it, as anticipating the discovery of DNA.7 In fact ...
... it is especially the genetical aspect of his approach that has attracted the interest of biologists. One of these, M. Delbrück, has seen Aristotle’s concept of a form, which guides the development of the embryo without existing as a material part of it, as anticipating the discovery of DNA.7 In fact ...
RealistsvsNominalists
... b. Every item to which we direct our attention is an instance of a class or kind. To use medieval terms it is an instance of a species. c. But the common features in particular objects can be attended to in detachment from the features perceived by the senses. To attend to the common elements in abs ...
... b. Every item to which we direct our attention is an instance of a class or kind. To use medieval terms it is an instance of a species. c. But the common features in particular objects can be attended to in detachment from the features perceived by the senses. To attend to the common elements in abs ...
Normative Ethical Theories(W13)
... emphasize the agent’s moral duties, which are typically captured in a set of rules. The proponents of virtue ethics, by contrast, emphasize neither consequences nor rules but rather moral virtues, which are typically thought of as behavioral dispositions; an action is [morally] right insofar as it i ...
... emphasize the agent’s moral duties, which are typically captured in a set of rules. The proponents of virtue ethics, by contrast, emphasize neither consequences nor rules but rather moral virtues, which are typically thought of as behavioral dispositions; an action is [morally] right insofar as it i ...
Phronomoi Across Cultures: A Checklist
... Her suggestion that the practically wise person be the paradigm for judging the rationality of a given belief is a simple one, and for that very attractive. I think, though, that like Arendt, we need to employ horses for courses according to the type of knowledge we are dealing with. The practically ...
... Her suggestion that the practically wise person be the paradigm for judging the rationality of a given belief is a simple one, and for that very attractive. I think, though, that like Arendt, we need to employ horses for courses according to the type of knowledge we are dealing with. The practically ...
Cosmological sources of critical cosmopolitanism
... that Aristotle did not support democracy – in our sense – even among the free male citizens, but rather argued for a compromise between what he called polity and aristocracy (aristoi means literally ‘best persons’). For Aristotle, the true centre consists only of the central observer and of the few ...
... that Aristotle did not support democracy – in our sense – even among the free male citizens, but rather argued for a compromise between what he called polity and aristocracy (aristoi means literally ‘best persons’). For Aristotle, the true centre consists only of the central observer and of the few ...
Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. Because of this, the Stoics presented their philosophy as a way of life, and they thought that the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how that person behaved.Later Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that, because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage was immune to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase ""stoic calm"", though the phrase does not include the ""radical ethical"" Stoic views that only a sage can be considered truly free, and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.From its founding, Stoic doctrine was popular with a following in Roman Greece and throughout the Roman Empire — including the Emperor Marcus Aurelius — until the closing of all pagan philosophy schools in 529 AD by order of the Emperor Justinian I, who perceived them as being at odds with Christian faith. Neostoicism was a syncretic philosophical movement, joining Stoicism and Christianity, influenced by Justus Lipsius.