Topic 10 SL Mark Scheme Past exam paper questions
... Applications and skills: • Explanation of the trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series. • Distinction between empirical, molecular and structural formulas. • Identification of different classes: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, halogenoalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, ester ...
... Applications and skills: • Explanation of the trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series. • Distinction between empirical, molecular and structural formulas. • Identification of different classes: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, halogenoalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, ester ...
Direct organocatalytic enantioselective a-aminomethylation
... the first examples of direct catalytic asymmetric aza-Diels– Alder reactions.24 For example, the proline-catalyzed aza-Diels–Alder reaction between p-anisidine, aqueous formaldehyde and 2-cyclohexenone 1h furnished the azaDiels–Alder product 4a in 75% yield and O99% ee ...
... the first examples of direct catalytic asymmetric aza-Diels– Alder reactions.24 For example, the proline-catalyzed aza-Diels–Alder reaction between p-anisidine, aqueous formaldehyde and 2-cyclohexenone 1h furnished the azaDiels–Alder product 4a in 75% yield and O99% ee ...
© John Congleton, Orange Coast College Organic Chemistry 220
... Do all homework, WebAssign problems, and worksheets until you no longer have to look at notes, books, or other problems to answer them correctly. Work extra problems to further concretize any material if needed (ha! Are there any extra problems left after all of the work I have given you? ☺). This s ...
... Do all homework, WebAssign problems, and worksheets until you no longer have to look at notes, books, or other problems to answer them correctly. Work extra problems to further concretize any material if needed (ha! Are there any extra problems left after all of the work I have given you? ☺). This s ...
13-Elimination Reactions
... competing elimination reaction takes place under some conditions instead of the intended substitution reaction. In a β-elimination reaction, the substrate loses two atoms or two groups of atoms to form a π bond. This new double bond forms after, or concurrent with, the loss of the leaving groups. Us ...
... competing elimination reaction takes place under some conditions instead of the intended substitution reaction. In a β-elimination reaction, the substrate loses two atoms or two groups of atoms to form a π bond. This new double bond forms after, or concurrent with, the loss of the leaving groups. Us ...
HPLC and LC–MS Studies of the Transesterification Reaction of
... In this study, LC and LC–MS methods were developed to separate (or partially separate) and identify (as a group of isomers) all possible reaction products of methylparaben with twelve 3- to 6-carbon sugar alcohols and propylene glycol. During the study, it was noticed that the positional isomers, wh ...
... In this study, LC and LC–MS methods were developed to separate (or partially separate) and identify (as a group of isomers) all possible reaction products of methylparaben with twelve 3- to 6-carbon sugar alcohols and propylene glycol. During the study, it was noticed that the positional isomers, wh ...
Aromatic Compounds
... An acyl group, -COR, is substituted onto an aromatic ring • The reactive electrophile is a resonance-stabilized acyl cation • An acyl cation is stabilized by interaction of the vacant orbital on carbon with lone-pair electrons on the neighboring oxygen • Because of stabilization, no carbocation rear ...
... An acyl group, -COR, is substituted onto an aromatic ring • The reactive electrophile is a resonance-stabilized acyl cation • An acyl cation is stabilized by interaction of the vacant orbital on carbon with lone-pair electrons on the neighboring oxygen • Because of stabilization, no carbocation rear ...
alcohol - Haverford Alchemy
... • Heating selectively drives off the alkene due to its lower boiling point. • Zaitsev’s Rule states that the more substituted alkene will be favored. This is the result of the equilibrium process that is operating: the less stable form is more likely to revert to the carbocation. © 2013 Pearson Educ ...
... • Heating selectively drives off the alkene due to its lower boiling point. • Zaitsev’s Rule states that the more substituted alkene will be favored. This is the result of the equilibrium process that is operating: the less stable form is more likely to revert to the carbocation. © 2013 Pearson Educ ...
Amines
... to -CH2Amides can be reduced by LiAlH4 but NOT the less reactive NaBH4 Typical reagents : LiAlH4 / ether solvent, followed by aqueous work-up. Note that this reaction is different to that of other C=O compounds which reduce to alcohols (for example esters) The nature of the amine obtained depends on ...
... to -CH2Amides can be reduced by LiAlH4 but NOT the less reactive NaBH4 Typical reagents : LiAlH4 / ether solvent, followed by aqueous work-up. Note that this reaction is different to that of other C=O compounds which reduce to alcohols (for example esters) The nature of the amine obtained depends on ...
New Phenylglycine-Derived Primary Amine Organocatalysts for the
... and approximately 80 % ee in only 24 h, almost identical to the previous reports on diamine 5.[2b] It was originally anticipated by us that introducing sterically more demanding side chains through cyclohexylglycine or tert-leucine (amino alcohols 16–17) would enhance the enantioselectivity even fur ...
... and approximately 80 % ee in only 24 h, almost identical to the previous reports on diamine 5.[2b] It was originally anticipated by us that introducing sterically more demanding side chains through cyclohexylglycine or tert-leucine (amino alcohols 16–17) would enhance the enantioselectivity even fur ...
98 pts
... • (T) All E1 reactions involve formation of carbocations; • (T) More stable carbocations are generated faster; • (T) Carbocations are electrophiles; • (T) Carbocations are electron deficient; • (T) Free radicals are electron deficient; • (T) Alcohols are Brønsted bases; • (F) The rate-determining st ...
... • (T) All E1 reactions involve formation of carbocations; • (T) More stable carbocations are generated faster; • (T) Carbocations are electrophiles; • (T) Carbocations are electron deficient; • (T) Free radicals are electron deficient; • (T) Alcohols are Brønsted bases; • (F) The rate-determining st ...
Microsoft Word
... stereoselective Grignard addition of p-methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide to Nbenzylimine derived from (S)-2,3-O-isopropylidine glyceraldehyde followed by a single step conversion of N-Boc amine diol to oxazolidinone. Herein we report a short and stereoselective synthesis of (-)-cytoxazone 1, (+)-5-epi- ...
... stereoselective Grignard addition of p-methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide to Nbenzylimine derived from (S)-2,3-O-isopropylidine glyceraldehyde followed by a single step conversion of N-Boc amine diol to oxazolidinone. Herein we report a short and stereoselective synthesis of (-)-cytoxazone 1, (+)-5-epi- ...
10. Alkyl Halides
... If the rate of this reaction does not depend upon the concentration of the Nucleophile this can only mean that: 1) the reaction mechanism involves more than one step 2) the slow step of the mechanism (rate determining step) does not involve the nucleophile These observations and assumptions ...
... If the rate of this reaction does not depend upon the concentration of the Nucleophile this can only mean that: 1) the reaction mechanism involves more than one step 2) the slow step of the mechanism (rate determining step) does not involve the nucleophile These observations and assumptions ...
Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones – Nucleophilic Addition
... Ketones are less susceptible than aldehydes to attack by nucleophiles, so aldol additions occur more slowly with ketones. With ketones, the reaction proceeds well only if the product is removed from the basic solution or reacts further by dehydration. ...
... Ketones are less susceptible than aldehydes to attack by nucleophiles, so aldol additions occur more slowly with ketones. With ketones, the reaction proceeds well only if the product is removed from the basic solution or reacts further by dehydration. ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... • alcohols are “monosubstituted” water, ROH, hydrocarbon radical, R, substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms in water, HOH • alcohols form hydrogen bonds to other alcohol molecules, increasing boiling point, and to water, making them very soluble in water ...
... • alcohols are “monosubstituted” water, ROH, hydrocarbon radical, R, substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms in water, HOH • alcohols form hydrogen bonds to other alcohol molecules, increasing boiling point, and to water, making them very soluble in water ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)
... The mechanism of Schiff base formation is another variation on the theme of nucleophile addition to the carbonyl group. In this case, the nucleophile is the amine. In the first part of the mechanism, the amine reacts with the aldehyde or ketone to give an unstable addition compound called carbinolam ...
... The mechanism of Schiff base formation is another variation on the theme of nucleophile addition to the carbonyl group. In this case, the nucleophile is the amine. In the first part of the mechanism, the amine reacts with the aldehyde or ketone to give an unstable addition compound called carbinolam ...
13.1 Alcohols and Phenols 13.1 Alcohols and Phenols 13.1
... With an ester substrate, excess Grignard reagent is required. WHY? Propose a mechanism. List some functional groups that are NOT compatible with the Grignard. Practice with SKILLBUILDER 13.5. ...
... With an ester substrate, excess Grignard reagent is required. WHY? Propose a mechanism. List some functional groups that are NOT compatible with the Grignard. Practice with SKILLBUILDER 13.5. ...
1 THE BARTON-McCOMBIE REACTION STUART W. McCOMBIE 28
... INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... ...
... INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... ...
Sample pages 6 PDF
... ca. 0.05–0.12—typically 0.06—equivalent of a phase-transfer catalyste in a biphasic bufferedfg system containing water and CH2 Cl2 ,h is vigorously stirred at 0 Ci until most of the starting alcohol is consumed.j The reaction mixture is optionally quenched by addition of methanol or ethanol. When ...
... ca. 0.05–0.12—typically 0.06—equivalent of a phase-transfer catalyste in a biphasic bufferedfg system containing water and CH2 Cl2 ,h is vigorously stirred at 0 Ci until most of the starting alcohol is consumed.j The reaction mixture is optionally quenched by addition of methanol or ethanol. When ...
nucleophilic addition on ketones and ketimines - ISI
... copper(I) fluoride complex is supposed to be generated as the active catalytic species in the reaction mechanism. The fluoride ligand on copper is also essential for catalytic activity and is supposed to activate the nucleophile by formation of a boronate complex, which will in turn allow the transfer ...
... copper(I) fluoride complex is supposed to be generated as the active catalytic species in the reaction mechanism. The fluoride ligand on copper is also essential for catalytic activity and is supposed to activate the nucleophile by formation of a boronate complex, which will in turn allow the transfer ...
- University at Albany
... ethoxide ion is a stronger base than t-butoxide ion). Also, alkyl halide reactivity decreases from methyl to 10 to 20 to 30. In fact, 30 alkyl halides do not react by SN2. Leaving group: The substrate should have a good leaving group. A good leaving group should be electron withdrawing, relatively s ...
... ethoxide ion is a stronger base than t-butoxide ion). Also, alkyl halide reactivity decreases from methyl to 10 to 20 to 30. In fact, 30 alkyl halides do not react by SN2. Leaving group: The substrate should have a good leaving group. A good leaving group should be electron withdrawing, relatively s ...
Synthesis of Amide Bond Isosteres Incorporated
... CII260-267. The modified glycopeptides should be used to further investigate the interactions between the peptide-MHCII complex and the T cell receptor in addition to the development of more stable mimetics of the natural epitope for immunization of mice. A methylene amine isostere was successfully ...
... CII260-267. The modified glycopeptides should be used to further investigate the interactions between the peptide-MHCII complex and the T cell receptor in addition to the development of more stable mimetics of the natural epitope for immunization of mice. A methylene amine isostere was successfully ...
Lesson 19 - WordPress.com
... Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised, under any conditions. Under REFLUX conditions CH3C(CH3)(OH)CH3 + [O] ...
... Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised, under any conditions. Under REFLUX conditions CH3C(CH3)(OH)CH3 + [O] ...
Organic Chemistry Second Edition
... Evidence suggests that substitution at the Si atom occurs by an SN2 mechanism Because Si is much larger than C, it is more open to ...
... Evidence suggests that substitution at the Si atom occurs by an SN2 mechanism Because Si is much larger than C, it is more open to ...
Elias James Corey
Elias James ""E.J."" Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ""for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies and total syntheses and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably.